Ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni Honua ukali

Ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali o ka Honua, oia kekahi o ka mea nui loa 'epekema e piʻi like o ka iwakalua kenekulia. Eia naʻe, paradoxically, ua nuiʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana e piʻi like ka pilina loa i ka Hawaii Kaua ma waena o nā mau superpowers: kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union. E hoʻomaka ana i ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali i ua i koi 'ia no ka ulu pono, e loaa ike loea' ike e pili ana i ka luna lewa, i ka Radio neaiaea EYI Ua hiki mai ka Astronomical, etc.

I ke kakahiaka nui 1950s, nā ka US, a me ka USSR 'Imi ulu rockets no ka polokalamu la. Ma mau, ma May 1954 ka luna akamai o ka? Ia? Aiiu makahiki o ka Soviet Union, halawai Sergei Korolev me ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua Dmitriem Ustinovym , a hai mai la ia i ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni Honua ukali hiki ke hemo aku i loko o ka Astronomical. Oia ka hoakaka July 29, 1955 Ua i pelekikena o ka United States Dwight Eisenhower D., oia kuhikuhi hua'ōlelo ma waena o 1957 a me ka 1958.

I kakahiaka nui Aukake 1955 i ka Soviet Politburo i aponoia i ka hoʻokumu o ka mua Honua ukali. Kēia papahana Ua alakaʻiʻia Korolev a me Vasily Ryabikov, poe kupuna makuakane i ka hoao ana OOOXO o R-7 rocket. E olalo ua e kūkulu i ka mea mua Honua ukali me nā beacons ma luna o ka moku.

№1 ukali ua he 585-mm o poepoe, kapa komo iā ia me ka wela pale kaua iloko olaila o Aluminum, makanekiuma a me ka titanium. Ua Ua lako pono me ka eha lōʻihi antennae i ua hiki ia oe ka pū i hiki noonoo ole beeps i ka Honua i ka ili ma nā nä alapine. Ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali o ka Honua i kekahi, ua lako pono me ekolu kala-'okesaside na pu ki aloha i hiki ke holo i elua pule. Ka wela hooponopono'ōnaehana ua he radiator me ka peahi, A i hoopaaia iwaena kaapuni, he koi wela mail'ōnaehana ke hoʻololi i ka malama i ka paa maloko ana wela. Kēia'ōnaehana hoʻohana i ka bimetal thermal kuapo like me ka kaʻimiʻana hehee ai. Ina i ka mehana ma luna o 36 ° C, ke kānana huli ia, a no ka wela hoolilo nenoaiu o na hemispheres i hoʻolahaʻia naikokene. A hiki i ka mahana i hāʻule ma lalo 20 ° C, ke kānana i huliʻia.

Sputnik 1 Ua ee i loko o October 1957 o ka ha. Mahope o 295,4 kekona hope e hoʻomaka ana i ka ukali mua i ee. Ka mea, ua wale i ke kolu o ka holomua holo ana o ka R-7 rocket, i mea i hanaia no ka mea Melia holo ana me ka thermonuclear hydrogen pōkā pahū. Sputnik ua ulu ka mua cosmic māmā holo, pōpilikia e Newton. Ka mea, ua 7780 m / s. Full huli ia i hana no ka 96,2 mau minuke. I loko nō o ka mea e ia? Ac? Ma ka pono mau pule, i ka misionari ana 22 lā, a i loaa i ka iuo aaoa?. Ham Radio ana mai a puni ka honua ma hope o ka leo lepa pū i hiki e ukali. Ua hiki ke malama - like me ka hoku o ka nui mua - a hiki i ka maka kapa ole. Ukali mai mai ka Astronomical, a puhi aku i loko o ka lewa, January 4, 1958.

Ka Amelika lehulehu, a me ka Media i laila, hopohopo ma keʻanoʻenehana Ua Hopu o ka USSR, i ka nalu o ke paranoia kahili ae ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Pili aupuni a me ka lehulehu naoh i ka puke o ka TASS hoike ua unexpected no ka Soviet Union. Penei, ke kūapoʻana i ka uuku hoa thermonuclear hydrogen pōkā pahū, ka Soviet Union lanakila i ka nui pili aupuni a me ka nohona lanakila.

Sputnik ulia ua alakai ai i ka hanaia'na o ka US Kūlike Pae Research Projects oihana i komo a me NASA, e like me ka nui mahuahua i ka lehulehu ke kālā ma luna a me ka hoʻonaʻauao noiʻi.

O Amerika Huipuia ke auaneʻi kona muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukaliʻImi Loa-1 January 31, 1958. Ka mea, ua paukūʻolokaʻa spacecraft anawaena o 15 knm, a me ka lōʻihi o ka 203 knm me ke kaumaha o 14 kg. He ho'īliʻikepili e pili ana i ke ana o cosmic na kukuna a me ka nui o ka pāhawewe i loko o ka papa o 112 mau lā. Mauʻikepili alakai ai i ka loaʻa o van Allena mau hipuu.

Mai 1957, aneane 7,000 ukali, ka hapanui o ka a i ka nuʻu mua i ee aku i loko o ka Astronomical Honua, mai ka'ōnaehana a ho i kekahi maoli keʻakeʻa nei no hou laʻimi loa i ka lewa.