Ka mua holo ana o ka Wright hoahanau: i ka hoʻomaka o ka moʻolelo o ke maunakea

No ke aha la i lele e like manu kanaka? Kēia ninau Hōʻike 'o ka lōʻihi-ku kanaka i ka moe o ka lani ma luna o ka lele. E lawe ia mai, kanaka i hana aku ai ia lakou iho i mau'ēheu, a ho'āʻo i ka lele, flapping ia. Ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i pau ai i loko o ka make ana o na koa. E mākou hoomanao wale i ka moolelo kahiko o Icarus ...

Ke kahe o ka holo ka loa a me ka hoihoi ingenious artist a me ka inventor Leonardo ka Vinci, ka poe i aʻo i ka 'ole o ka manu, o ko lakou mau eheu. He ho'āʻo e hookupaa aku i nā 'ano o ko lākou mahuka. He hiki i Nails o ka mokulele - he prototype o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia helekopa.

Mai ka mōʻaukala o ka naʻi aupuni o ka lani

I mua i ke kanaka e hoʻokele i ka pii a hiki i na ao ma o ka hoʻonui. Ka mea, ua November 21, 1783. Hoʻonui-ea hoʻonui invented ma ka Montgolfier kaikuaana, lalau aku la ia mau kanaka i ke kiekie o ka 1 ei, a kokoke hapalua ka hola ma hope ka mea, pae maluhia i ka mamao o ka 9 ei.

I ka MH 1853, D. Keighley i kukulu i ka mua alodio glider ua e hiki e hoʻokiʻekiʻe kekahi kanaka i loko o ka lewa. Mai ka? Ieoaeunoai o gliders i mau hou. Eia naʻe, holo huahelu a me ka lōʻihi like māhuahua. Ua ua he e piʻi like nui, no ka mea, o ka glider ua kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea. Akā, me ka moe uhane ana o ka noa, kuokoa o ka makemake o ka makani, malalo o ko ke kanaka lele i ole i ua hoʻomaopopo.

Kēia hiki wale loaʻa Bratya Rayt (1903), e pili ana kona mua mokulele. Ko lakou lanakila Ua manao ia e nui aʻe, a me kino ano.

Bratya Rayt: A Kawaihae

Brothers Wilbur a Orvill Rayt i hānau i loko o ka United States i loko o ka clergyman ka ohana. Nā aiee o ka ekalesia Protestant, kau ma ke poo o kekahi pomaikai paʻakikī hana, ka mea, ua ua vaccinated hope o kamaliʻi. I ka hana ana i kokua ia e hoʻokō i ko lakou mau pahu hopu, a kūkulu i ke ao nei ka mua mokulele me ka engine. Soon hahai, a me ka hoku wahi - ka mua holo ana o ka Wright hoahānau. Akā, ka mea, i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ole wale kiekie ae, a hiki i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ka mea, ua hikiʻole naʻe i ka hoʻopau' ana i ke ola ana. Wilbur i poino, a hiki ole e hele i Yale University. He ua i ka hana i loko o ka hana hoʻopuka puke hana, Orville. A laila hele maila ka mua Wright hoahanau 'hana mea hou i hana muaʻole - ka pai kaomi ana o kona mau manao.

I ka 1892, na hoahanau wehe i ka paikikala Shop e piele lākou i loko o ka pōkole manawa i hana i ka hoʻoponopono shop, a ma hope hookupaa i ko lakou kala. Akā, i kona hoʻokoe manawa ka mea, i laʻa hoʻii. Ma ka hopena, ka mea, puka mai ia mai ke kuai ana mai o ka poʻe kau paikikala a haawi mai la ia i ke kala no ka ho okolohua lehulehu i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka mokulele mua.

Hoomakaukau no ka holo mua: maikaʻi loa 'ana i kūpono

Na hoahanau, ua nui seriously hoihoi i loko o ka manaʻo o ka ballooning. Ihola lāua a nānā i ka mea i loaʻa moʻokalaleo i ka manawa o ka lele, he hailona o experimenting. kūkulu mākou i kekahi mau gliders a lele ia, ka hoʻokō 'maikaʻi loa hopena. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka punohu poe o ka eheu, me ka pau ole ho okolohua lawe kino hana i loko o ka makani tunnel. Ho'āʻo kekahi mau kŰia ke kau o ka'ēheu, a me ka propeller kōmi 'ana.

E like me ka hopena o ka hoohanohano i i loko o ka haʻilula no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka ke eaʻe.

A eia ka mea hope, māmā kola engine nona iho o ka 12 horsepower no ka mokulele, ina hoi, ua i iho Bratya Rayt. E like me keia hou i ole hoomanao Velikogo Leonardo, mamua o kona manawa!

Ka mua mokulele i ka Wright hoahanau

Ma na makahiki eha i i hala hope o ka hoʻomaka o ka ho okolohua me ka lupe a me gliders, na hoahanau e oo no lakou no ka hana o ka hoʻokele mokulele. Ka mokulele mua o ka Wright hoahanau i kapaia "Pepelu". airframe Ua i o spruce, ka propeller i kālai pū i mai o ka laau. Me ke kaumaha o 283 kg eheu kahili i hoʻomākaukauʻia he 12 m.

Ma nānaina o ka engine, vesivshego 77 kg, a mea i oi ma ka hoʻokōʻana i loaʻa iā analogues, ka mua mokulele loaʻa kona haku e emi malalo o $ 1,000!

Ka mua holo ana o ka Wright Brothers '

I ka hōʻikeʻano nui hou mokulele i hoʻopaʻa 'ia no December 1903. He mau hoahanau, o ka papa, e ia i ka mua. Ka pilikia, ka mea, ua hoʻoholo ihola loa na mea - Flip i ke dala. I ka honua i ka ke kahu moku mua Wilbur haule iho la. Akā,ʻo ua i laki. Ke mokulele ua i hiki ke hana i ka holo, ma hope koke ma hope o ili nā takeoff, a i poino.

I kekahi ho'āʻo i kāinoa mua Orville. December 17 me ka poo makani o 43 km / h ka mea, ua hiki ke hookiekie i ka pa alima i loko o ka lewa i ke kiekie o kahi o 3 mika, a hoopaa 12 kekona. Bridging i ka lele mamao ua 36,5 m.

Ma kēia lā i nā hoahānau i loko o huli i 4 hoʻii. Ka hope o ia mau mea, i ka wa o ka mokulele i Pilot e Wilbur, mau ae la ia no ka aneane he minuke. A mamao ua oi aku mamua o 250 m.

Oddly lawa,,ʻo ka mua holo ana o ka Wright hoahānau i i ka noonoo ana o ka lehulehu,ʻaʻole ia iʻike maka i elima kanaka.

Ua loaʻa i ka holo?

I kekahi lā, ma hope lele wale kekahi mau wahi ia nūpepa i paʻi lono e pili ana ia, inaccuracies hana hewa a me ka hala unnoticed. A i loko o Dayton, aina o na aviators mua, keia sensational hanana ma ka mea nui e hele unnoticed.

Akā, oi paʻakikī e wehewehe i ka mea i ole kekahi i kekahi i ka mokulele "Pepelu II" i loko o ka ano 105 de i i ma luna o ka mea e hiki mai ana ka makahiki! Ke kolu o ka "Pepelu" ma a na hoahanau i kekahi lele a puni Daytona, hou ua i loaa i ka noonoo ana o na nā paʻi hua.

Eia hoʻi, i ka 1906, hoʻokahi nupepa paʻi ka 'atikala ia "Pepelu a kekahi mea wahahee?", Ka mea i mahiki aku kanalua i piʻi like o ka Wright hoahānau.

Ka mea, ua i ka mauʻu hope i alakai aku ai i ka olelo hooholo, e hōʻike i ke ao nei ka hiki e kahu ai de ma ka pa alima, a ua kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea. A i loko o ka makahiki 1908, he mokulele o ka Wright hoahanau i kaʻi aku ma ka 'Akelanika. Ka mea, o ke kahua i kekahi ÷ de: Wilbur - ma Paris, a Orville - i loko o ka United States.

Brothers a hiki i hoʻonohonoho 'ia nā hanana e kuai lilo aku i kana hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, hoao iho la e e he holomua. Ma waho kaulana ballooning paionia ', ka mea, ua loaa a me ka mea manao. Ka mua holo ana o ka Wright hoahānau i loko o ka pepeiao ua ai hoomaopopo ana i ka US aupuni kakau i ka palapala me ia, ma i ka moku'āina Bedroom 'atikala no ka hoolako ana o mokulele i ua hui pū i loko o ka 1909 no ke kākoʻo' ana o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua hoakaka no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi mau umi o airplanes.

Ka mua kui

Eia naʻe, ka mea mua lehulehu h ÷ holo ana ma luna o ka mokulele, a ia i ka mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka maunakea malihiniʻana.

I hiki ma September 1908. Orville Wright "Pepelu III o", i i hoʻouka kekahi i nā noho, i aku la ia mai ka oihana kumu o Fort Myer. E like me ka hopena, hoʻokō 'ole' ana o ka akau engine pelane i koe ma ka piko, ka mea, ua hiki ole i ka equalize. Ohua - Lt. Thomas Selfridge - make iho la i ka hopena o cranial trauma loaa ka wā hitting i ka lepo. Orville iho i pakele me fractures o ke ki kala a me ka iwi aoao.

I loko nō o kēia, ua manao ka aelike me ke koa. A me ka hoʻohanohano Wright hoahanau e e kaulana i keia mea i ka wale hoʻoponopono ulia i hiki mai ai ma luna o nā makahiki me ia.

Naʻe, i ka 1909, ma ka hookolokolo auhee ma Paris wahi e pili ana i loko o ka ulia i pepehi i ka Palani aviator Lefebvre, he haumāna o ka Wright hoahānau. Kēia i ke kumu o Rusia mea, ua kokoke no e kakau i ka aelike no ka hoolako ana o mokulele, haalele ia.

I ka ulu ana o ka maunakea

Like nui nui discoveries o ke kanaka, i mua hoʻohana na Kekoa no koa mau hana. Ka mokulele mua, hoomaka ae la e e ia i loko o ka First World Kaua i loko o ka palapala o Honolulu reconnaissance. Ma ka mea, ua lilo i mea akaka i na Kekoa i lilo iho i loko o ka pūʻali koa formidable ina ka mea, i e lawe mea kaua a me ka hope.

Ka mua ea hipa kāne i hua mai i ka wa o ke Kaua Honua I, Lūkini ke kahu moku Petrom Nesterovym.

Ma hope o ke kaua, hoomaka airplanes e e hoʻohana 'ia no ka amo ana o pilikia lako, kuhikuhi leka uila. A laila, he mau ohua Kekoa. I ka pau ana o ke Kaua Honua II, a me ka oi nanea wale lewa i loko o ke ao nei i alakai aku ai i de no ka huakaʻi.

Ma ka hopena, i ka hana o ka lewa amo ua hoonele ia na mea he nui meaola hana a me alahao laina. ka mämä holo i ka papa kuhikuhiE pomaikai o ka maunakea, oi loa me ka Hekikai o supersonic mokulele.

Orvill Rayt, ka mea i make elemakule 77 i ka makahiki 1948, ua hiki ke ike pehea ka mokulele i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana i loko o ke ao nei. Uilbur Rayt lilo i luahi o ka typhus i loko o ka makahiki 1912.

Ka mokulele mua o ka Wright hoahānau e ninoaaeyao he wahi o ka hanohano ma ka National maunakea Museum , a me ka 'Amelika makahiki polokalamu. He ua maikaʻi ike ole i "Pepelu I", e like me ka "Kitty Hawk" - i ka inoa o ka wahi, kahi āna i lawe mua i ka lewa, a pela wehe i ke au o ka naʻi aupuni o ka moana lewa.