Karl Kautsky - German economist, kākau moʻolelo a me ka poe akeakamai

Ma ke ao ana o oicyenoaaiiie kumumanaʻo kūlana 'i kūikawā wahi Kelemānia economists, akeakamai. Kekahi o na kanaka loa kupaianaha o kona manawa ua Karl Kautsky. Kana mau hana i nui i ka pono me ka hana o Marx, akā, i ka helu o ka kūikawā hiʻona i e ka manao o ka Kelemānia poe akeakamai i loko o kona mau aoao hanana. He hoʻokele ia,ʻo nā kākoʻo a me kekahi o kāna hana nei nō pili. A, ano, ke Maikaʻi-'ēheu alakaʻi i loko o kā lākou mau puke hoʻohana manaʻo e i Kupanaha e Karl Kautsky.

Kawaihae

Ke ola o ka wā e hiki mai economist hoʻomaka i kahiko Palaka i mea kahi ua nui ke kanaka i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1854. I ia manawa, Central Europe alakai ma mull wale ke ola, a me kona hoʻonaʻauao hui paʻi me kaulana o Beritania kulanui. Karl Kautsky loaa ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ma ke Kulanui o Vienna. Ia nō i ka haumāna, kona pili ana i ka manao o na socialists, a loaaʻi ka ike i ka palapala o Karl Marx. Mai ka hopena o ka 1870, oia pili ana i ka manao o Marxists he nui loa. Ma kekahi, no laila,-kapaia mahiʻai nīnau hoʻomaka i kona kuleana a me ka 'o ka hana ka hele a me ka hooponopono ana o ka revisionism. Position hoʻoponopono kokoke kaulana Magazine «Die Zeit Neue» ka poʻea pau i ka laha ana o Socialist manaʻo i loko o ka Central a me WesternʻEulopa, eia nae kona heluhelu kuhikuhi mai kekahi pedantry o kana hana, a me ka penchant no ka 'epekema scholasticism.

propaganda o Marxism

I ka 1885 -1888, Karl Kautsky noho i loko o London, kahi ona e waiho ana i loko o ke kaua'ō'ō ihe me Engels a me kākoʻo o Marxism. Mai 1890, ua neʻe akula ia Hawaii, kahi āna i noho ai, e hoolaha palapala ma kekahi mau, ao ke ano o Marxism. Educator tālena a me ka virtuosity i pōkole hana o Kautsky Ua mahalo i waena o nā kākoʻo o Socialist a me ka'ano'ē ka neʻe 'ana. Mawaena o kana mau hana Ikepili o ka Toma More a me kona dystopia (1888), "Comments ia Eksfurtskoy Program" (1892), "Antecedents Newest Socialism (1895).

Kautsky a Kristiano

Kekahi o kana mau hana, me ka Kelemānia economist a me ka poe akeakamai hoolilo i ka muli a me ka hooulu ana o ka loa nui-me ka unahiʻole haipule neʻeʻana o kona manawa - Kristiano. I kona puke, Kautsky mai nei e pili ana i ka waiwai a me ka nohona kumu e ho oholo ai ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, o ka pono no ka hou ka manaoio, wehewehe i ka nui o ka mōʻaukala realities, a me ka Iudaio monotheism, hoalohaloha aku ia a ku ae la o Kristiano me he okoa ka hoʻomana. Ka hana "ke kumu o Kristiano" Ua mahalo mahalo ma o kona wā, inā, a me ka manawa kumu o ka hailona o ka hoopaapaa mawaena o i manaoio, a i waena o atheists.

aneiai hana

A piha Ka Ikepili o ka oicyenoaaiiie pili i paʻaʻia e ia i loko o ka makahiki 1887. "Ka Economic ana ae o Karla Marksa" mea paha i ka hana kaulana loa o keia nä känaka 'epekema. I ka mea ole a me ka 'ōlelo maopopo No nā pūʻulu mai i ka manaʻo nui o ka "Capital" kaulana. Wahi kahi Kautsky wehewehe i ka kumumanaʻo o ka kumukuai, i akaka kiʻi o ka oe ole i ka poʻe mamao wehe 'ia mai ka waiwai hoʻonaʻauao.

Agrarian kaiaulu

manaʻo o ka capitalism ma ka mahiai i brilliantly hoikeia i loko o ka buke o Karl Kautsky, "ka agrarian nīnau." Here ia i ho'ākāka i ka papa kuhikuhiE LIKE i i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino i hai aku i ka pae ona no ka lōʻihi manawa: mai ka feudal aneiai'ōnaehana i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia au o ka holomua capitalism. German Economist hiki i ka hōʻoi 'ana a me ka ho'ākāka ana helu mea, a ma ka manawa hoʻonui nui nuipa a. Ma kona hana, Kautsky ua ma muli o kūheluʻikepili mai kekahi mau ana, a censuses mālama 'ia i loko o' Enelani, Farani, USA, Germany. Ka pahee pele o ka moʻolelo o ke kakahiaka nui feudal ana i ke kālā no ka mahiai e hōʻike mai ana mahiai i loko o ka pōkole manawa i Hawaiʻi mai ka patriarchal a hiki i ka 'epekema papa, e loaʻa ai i kā mākou ka waiwai. A pau kona hoopaapaa ana ia wahi aku me ka moe ma ka helu o Marx, a me kona? Aneiai theses.

Hele ana mai o ka manao o ka Marxism

I ka hoomaka ana o ke kenekulia mea i ho onui ana aku a me ka nui hiʻona i ka manaʻo o proletarian dictatorship. I ka manaʻo o ka hoʻololi oicyenoaaiiie 'ole, a puhi ae ma ka II Ahaolelo Lahui o ka RSDLP, a hoomaka ae la i ka 1903 ma Palukela, a laila, hoʻomau i ka hana i loko o Lākana. Kautsky ua ukali kokoke i ke kūkākūkā 'ana o nāʻelele, akā, ma kona manao i ka Mensheviks (ka Anati-Iskrists). Ma kēia wā, Karl Kautsky paʻiʻia kekahi mau hana i kākau i loko o ka uhane o Marxism. Me lakou pu o "ka Ala ia mana", "ka Slavs a meʻOiʻenehana." German economist hana i scrutinized VI Lenin, ka mea pinepine ua'ōlelo ia i loko o kona mau olelo. Kautsky ka 'atikala Lenin manaʻo i pinepine paʻiʻia i loko o ka "Iskra".

Mua World War

Gradual rethinking o nā manaʻo o Karl Marx i Kautsky ne e ma kahi o nā manaʻo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni paio, a me ka hana-ka papa ana. He e lawelawe ai i ka manao o ka hoolaulea me na revisionists likeʻole. Aka hoi, i ole pau i kēia iā ia i loko o kona hana, e kākoʻo i ka neʻe o na liquidators i waena o ka Lūkini Social-Democrats. He no hoi e hoole i nā loina o Party o Marxist kālaiʻike, ka uku i ka waiwai auhau i kekahi mau ano o ke keakea neorganizatsionnym. ʻepekema socialism o kana hana ho'āʻo nei e Makeke-nei me ka 'ole-Marxist philosophical nā manaʻo. Kautsky ka ike e undergoing nui loli. E neʻe aku, mai ka hoʻokahuli aupuni nānaina o Marxism, oia UOAN e wehewehe, a paipai i nā loina o ka nohona-chauvinists.

Kautsky i ka 1917

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1917, Kautsky mea pili 'ole i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka hou aoao, o kona ike ana i hoopau ai i ke kaʻana. He he kūʻokoʻa Social-kemokalaka Party o Hawaii, i mea nō i loko o ka puni mua o ke koho ana ua o Laielohelohe i ka hailona o ke koho. Akā, me ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, Kautsky reacted loa negatively e kū'ē i ka EYI o ka mana hana, a kauwa, oiai ka malama ana i nā loina o bourgeois aupuni a ka lehulehu.

I ka manawa o ka nui pili aupuni unrest ma Germany, oia mālama i ka papa o ka hoolaulea ma waena o capitalism a me Socialist manao. Ke kulana o ka Kelemānia nä känaka 'epekema ma ka mea nānā i ka au mamuli a nema aku VI Lenin, ma kona 'atikala "Ka ProletarianʻOiʻenehana a me Kautsky lālā."

Wa a pau loa ka hana, i ka manaʻo o ka German poe akeakamai outgrown kona mea nāna i hana. I ka puka paha-kaua Kelemania, i ka Hoʻohaku capitalist nenoaiu. Favorite keiki Kautsky ka (Social kemokalaka Party) loaa o kona makau i hiʻona. I ka fascism ma Central Europe nana mai, Kautsky i ole, ua kō i ka mea weliweli ka hopena keia e i. I ka 1938, ma o kona aloha Vienna i nā Nazis hele mai, a me Karl Kautsky i e neʻe i Palaka, a laila, i Part I, kahi āna i pau i kona 'oihana.