Kaua o Tsushima 1905. mokukaua Kaua ma ke kai o Japan. Tsushima pilikia

Kaua o Tsushima i ka 1905 o ka Russian Pacific'auwaʻa mai ka Japanese imperial Moku waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio. E like me ka hopena, i ke kai kaua ana ua hee o Lūkini squadron, a luku iho la ia. Ke kumu nui loa o Lūkini moku kaua i torpedoed e Japanese luina, a me ka waikahe moa nā lālā. moku kekahi i hai mai i ko lakou hoihoi, moku eha wale hoi i na kapakai o kona oiwi awa. Russian-Japanese kaua (1904-1905) i pau ai me kekahi kumu nui koa pio o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa i ka mokuna o Tsushima mokupuni (Japan). He aha e nā kumu no ka make, a me ka ua kekahi hiki hope o ka hanana?

Ke koa a me ka pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina

Russian-Japanese kaua o 1904-1905, hoomaka ae la me ka haohao hoouka ma ka Japanese moku luku e kaua ana ma luna o ka moku Lūkini hoʻonohoʻia i loko o nā alanui o Port Arthur. mau kaumaha mea kaua kaa a me kekahi 'ilikai moku i poino ma ka torpedo hoouka. Mōʻaukala o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina i ka hailona o ke koa ana. A pau no ia i ke hoʻololi i paʻa a me ka hou-mahele o spheres o ka ole ma keia hapa o ka aina Lūkini.

Japan ka makemake e noho alii ma ka Hikina ─kau Kina a me ka Korean Peninsula vigorously i kākoʻo 'ia e Beritania, a me ka United States o Amerika. Ke mau Lūkini allies, e like me Palani, Kelemania a me na mea e ae, ma ka pukana o ka mālama 'ana o nā panalāʻau e Lūkini ikaika kākoʻo Russian Emperor Rotehama II. Naʻe, i loko o ka kuleana minute o KUMUMANAʻO NUI ho'āʻo i koe'ākilikai. Paipai i allies hoike wale ia pahuhopu nei me kā lākou mau kālepa pono.

Kākou mau olelo hooholo-ākea

Noke intensifying ka Japanese kaua Port Arthur, ke kumu nui kumu o ka Russian Pacific'auwaʻa, puʻe wale akula kēlā Emperor Rotehama II e lawe kuleana ana. Ua hoʻoholo 'ia i loko o July 1904. Ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka Pacific squadron e eo ai, a luku aku i ka Japanese'auwaʻa i hoounaia mai Kronstadt squadron ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Hope Adimarala Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

He ma ke alanui moku Baltic hoike i Port Arthur ua ia, a me na moku a pau i loko o nā alanui waikahe. The Pacific'auwaʻa ua luku. 'O kēia ka malina mōʻaukala o ka Russian Hōʻole akula East. Eia naʻe, ma Rotehama II nō e hoʻomau i ke ala o ka imperial'auwaʻa i na kapakai o Japan. I mea e hooikaika i ka kaua squadron mai ka Baltic Sea ua, ua hoouna mai la i kekahi poe o ka hakakā moku o Hope Adimarala N. I. Nebogatova.

Kaiʻewaʻewa mana mau hoa paio

Holomua ma ke kaua o Tsushima hiki ke ike mua ma ka helu o nā huahelu o ka e keʻakeʻa i aoao. The Pacific'auwaʻa Hope Adimarala Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky me:

• 8 squadron o kaumaha mea kaua moku (battleships) ku e 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast poe kiai battleship ku 6 moku o kaʻenemi;
• 1 i ka 8, kreyserny armadillo naehana imperial Japanese'auwaʻa;
• 8 i ka 16, cruisers Japanese cruisers;
• 5 i ka 24 hui ma lalo o Japan mau koa Aha;
• 9 Russian kū'ē 63 Japanese poʻe luku aku.

Ka maopopo pomaikai o kaua i ka Japanese Adimarala Togo Heyhatiro olelo no ka iho. I ka hana o na Kepani'auwaʻa kaua no ka oi Rusia i loko o nā mea a pau, ao ke ano, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mōʻaukala o ka manuwa kaua i loko o Rusia ua nui waiwai. Japanese mea kaua pua skillfully E ke Kumu i ke akamai o ka aiʻulupā i kaʻenemi ma ka lōʻihi huahelu, a me ka pale umauma hoʻokahi a me kekahi mau moku. Kēia ka hoao ana i ole he Lūkini'auwaʻa. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka wā e noho ana i ka imperial parades (parades), meaola pono, a ua paʻa ka makahiki i na kauoha o Emperor Rotehama II.

Hewa a me miscalculations Lūkini'akimalala

Ke kaʻakālai Pahuhopu o ka holo ana o Adimarala Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo i ka hopu ana o ke kai o Japan. Oia ke ano i haawiia e Emperor Rotehama II. Eia naʻe, ZP Rozhdestvensky i ike kona hana ana manao o ke kēia: i kekahi koa, ka nānā 'ana i ka Loaʻaʻia lilo o ko lākou mau waʻa, e hemo mai ma ia Vladivostok. He hiki i ke circumvent ke Kepani mokupuni a hiki i ka hikina, ka mea makemake e strategically pololei olelo hooholo, a me ka Tsushima manuwa kaua Ua makemake e lawe wahi.

Akā, i ka'akimalala koho he okoa, pōkole alanui. Ua Ua hooholoia e hele ma na straits. Korea pilikia ai pili aku i ka Hikina China, a me ka moana wai o Japan, hele a puni ka mokupuni o Tsushima, a, ma ka huli, he mau alanui: ke komohana, a me ka hikina e hooholo ia (Tsushima pilikia). Ma laila i loaʻa i ka Lūkini luina, a kakali Heytatiro Japanese Adimarala Togo.

All ala i wahi e

Ka luna o na Kepani'auwaʻa i koho i ka pono KUMUMANAʻO NUI no ka mea e hiki hostilities. Patrol moku ke kaula gula, i hoʻonohonoho ma waena o nā mokupuni, a hiki hoʻomaopopo i ka luna e pili ana i ka hikiʻoihana kaʻa, a kokoke loa i kahi o ka moku Lūkini. Ma na outskirts o Vladivostok Japanese pomaikai i minefields. A pau i makaukau no ke kaua. Japanese moku kaua o Tsushima manao hoʻokokoke o na moku Lūkini. Pacific'auwaʻa luna koa hōʻole i malina hoʻomakākiu, makau loaʻa o kona squadron manao cruisersʻenemi.

I ke kakahiaka nui o ka kaua o Tsushima, i ka lā o Mei 14, 1905, hoomaka ae la.

Ke ahuwale hope o ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua o ka Lūkini-Japanese War

E hoʻouna ia he motley armada o ekolu moana nui ua huhu. Ma keia make kai eʻe hoouna veterans me pohole maomeka, hangʻia i nā haneri o nā tausani o ka mile, a me ka polokalamu, ka mea ana koke, i ole hele i ka ipu hoao. Luina a pau i kapa ai i ko lakou mau moku me nā mea ola 'sentient mea. Armadillos a me na inoa o ka pūkaua kaulana e like hōʻike hewa i makemake ole e hele i kekahi make.

Ka mea, i apo la ma ke ala iho ma ka 'oihana, ke kapoʻo aku, mai ka hola pa ma ka hoʻoponopono, noho ihola i lalo ma kekahi kapa, i mālama like ahuwale nā hōʻailona o ko lākou mau luina.

Ia, aole ia e manaoio i ka nānā i nā'ōuli?

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1900 ma ka o Nuioka ma kuni i kaʻaha kanaka ho o ka battleship "Emperor Alexander III». Ke holo aku o keia moku i koho ma ka haule ana o ka pahu hae me ka imperial hae, a hele pu me ia e kanaka mōhai.

Battleship "aeto" Poho ma ka kanawai awa, a ma hope kekahi mau manawa noho ili, pu mai me ka squadron i loko o ke awawa. Battleship "E kaena" i mau i ole i hiki ke hele Hiking.

Naʻe, ka mea kiekie kauoha o kekahi misgivings he IKE OLE IA. September 26, 1904 ma ka maka (mamua Tallinn) e paʻa ana i ka lani kiekie loa imperial parade. Ma Rotehama II hele aku a puni i na moku a me luina makemake e hiki Port Arthur, a hoʻohui pū i ka squadron mua o ka Pacific'auwaʻa i Kāʻeokūlani, E ka Haku i ke kai o Japan. A pule ma hope, ehiku battleships, cruiser, luku loa haʻalele lākou maoli kai. 220-lā kai eʻe i Japanese kai loa o ka 18 tausani mile i ke ahulau.

contingencies

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikiaʻalo ma ke kauoha squadron, - ka mea, o ka pilikia a me ka wahie. Ma lalo o nā aupuni malina kānāwai ma ka manawa o ka moku kaua o ke belligerent e hele i na awa o kekahi'ākilikai aoao wale no ka lā. England, ka mea uumi loa o ka hoʻouka wahi ma ke ala hele o ka squadron, paa hou mai la kona awa no ka mea Lūkini moku kaua.

Lako Squadron lanahu, ka ai a me ka wai, i ka hoʻonohonoho 'ana i loko o ke kai. No ka hoʻoponopono ka mea, i lako pono me ka kūikawā Workshop "Kamchatka", piha me ka poe paahana nāʻaʻa. Incidentally, ka mea i pili ana i ka hopena o na luina. I mau, i ka manaʻo o kekahi kaʻakālai hana no ia me ka unahiʻole hana maikai la i ka lani kiekie loa manual.

Ke hardest lanahu ke hoʻoukaʻia ma luna o ka moana, ka unbearable Tropical wela, i ka wa a ke ana wela i loko o ka ieoaeunoai keena i 70º Kelekia, he ino aku ka Cape o Good Hope - pau keia i hooki i ka holo ana o ka squadron. None o na moku i i huli hoʻi.

Circumnavigation trek ma ekolu moana

Lūkini squadron, e like me ka uhane ma luna o ka moana lipolipo, kākaʻikahi ka hookokoke ana i ka awa a me ka awa. Ka a pau honua a kiai aku ia neʻe maila. International telegraph a kelepona laina i overloaded. Correspondents a me reporters i kiai squadron ma ka pau 'e aʻe.

• Port I aku la o (ʻAigupita);
• Djibouti (East Africa);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Akā, nā ho'āʻo i lanakila. Ka mea mua loa-kau i? Iaie? Ua ma ka Bay Masiba (Madagascar). Ka I kekahi hui cruising paukū Hope Adimarala DG Felkerzama kāʻei kua, ka hope pōkole e oki ai ma ka Suez Canal. I ka hoʻokō 'ana i loko o Madagascar Adimarala Z. P. Rozhdestvensky ia i hoomaopopoia no ka hikiʻole o ko lākou mau subordinates, e pana pololei a me kaʻoihana kaʻa pololei.

Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻohe mea hou. Luina i hana ka hapanui o ka mau, a me ka uku pahu. Mau mahina ma hope - lele ma ka Mauna Ocean. Infinitely halawai maluhiluhi squadron me ka Pākē lawaiʻa ma ka Straits ma Kēkēmapa, ka Wiekanama ma pahupaʻikiʻi Ranh. Latest halichondriidae ike hiki i ka mokupuni o Jeju Korean momi kela. Loa koke hoʻomaka kaua o Tsushima, i ka lā o ka make ana o ka squadron a kokoke.

Ka mua salvo i ka enemi

I ka 13 hola 40 minuke moku lawe hae battleship "Prince Suvorov" alakaʻiʻia Captain 1st hoouka i ke kaua V. V. Ignatsiusa moe ana ma luna o ka papa akau-hikina, 23. Nine minuke ma hope, i kona mau pū wehe ke ahi ma luna o ka Japanese'auwaʻa, a me ka uwila outbreak pane i loko o nā minuke volleys. Tsushimaʻoihana moku kaua, hoomaka ae la. Ka hapa nui o ka luina hoʻokūkū ua maopopo i loko o Petersburg.

Mai kekahi palapala i ka luna o ka moku o ka battleship kiai "Emperor Alexander III» Captain 3rd ka hoouka kaua HI Buhvustova: "E makemake mākou e lanakila. Hekikai no e olelo aku, ua makemake ia. Akā, e lanakila ana i mea ole. I ka mea ia manawa, a me ka nei au i mua ia mākou, e pau ka make, akā, e i haawi mai. " Ka luna koa mālama i kana olelo, a ua pepehi a me ka piha haku mele 'ana o ka battleship.

Ke Kaua o Tsushima, pokole e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE

I ka 14 hola a me 15 minuke, e like me ke kanakolu-kumamalima minuke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kaua, ke battleship "Oslabya" alai ae e Captain 1st hoouka i ke kaua V. I. Berom, me ka ikaika Vasitis ihu, a me ka nui i ke ahi ma luna o ka Rostra olokaa ia, a moe iho ma kaʻaoʻao hema . He umi minuke ma hope, ka mea, ua nalowale ma lalo o ka wai, e waiho ana wale i ka wahie koena ai a me ka flounder i loko o kānaka i ka wai ma luna o kaʻili kai.

A mau minuke ma hope o ka make ana o "Oslabya" kekahi ma hope o ka 'ē aʻe mai o ka mea moku torpedoed e Japanese luina.

Ma ka 16 hola mai o ka mea battleship "Prince Suvorov", i iʻino ke hoinoino la e Japanese leho. Ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka lapalapa moku, ia mea ma kahi o elima hora e noonooʻenemi ho'āhewa wale. I ka minuke hope o ka Lūkini luina hoi mai la ke ahi i koena trohdyuymovki a me nā pūlaipela wale. Battleship loaa ehiku torpedo ka hili, a hele aku ma lalo o ka wai.

A iki mamua aku nei nō au e hoʻokele e wehe Adimarala Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo me ke koʻokoʻo ma luna o ka mea luku "Wild One". A huina o 23 kanaka i evacuated. i kekahi kanaka i hiki ke hoola hou. He kauoha ka battleship, a make iho la ia ia i luna o ka 1st lii, loea meaola pena Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

I mau, iloko o ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua make mau kupanaha artist, a me nā poʻei puka o ka Hawaii mau pūʻali, a ma ka na coincidence piha namesake. Ka lua o artist - o Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, poho iho la lakou a me ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" mai ka mokuna o Port Arthur. Ia i ka mea ia manawa me ia i pepehi, a Adimarala S. O. Makarov, ka mea i lanakila nui na kaua o ke kai i loko o Rusia, a ua i ka nani a me ka haaheo o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Ma hope o ka moku lawe hae "Knyaz Suvorov" Russian imperial'auwaʻa nalowale:

• "Sisoy Veliky" ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o ke Kapena 1st alii M. P. Ozerova;
• battleship "Navarino", alakaʻiʻia e Kāpena 1st Rank, Baron B. A. Fitingofom;
• cruiser "Adimarala Nakhimov" mea subordinate i ka hope o ka pio Kāpena 1st hoouka i ke kaua A. Rodionova;
• battleship "Adimarala Ushakov", kona luna koa ua Captain 1st hoouka i ke kaua V. N. Mikluhina (moku pepehi i ka hope o ka Lūkini squadron);
• "Adimarala Senyavin" alakaʻiʻia Captain 1st hoouka i ke kaua S. I. Grigorevym, ka mea i lawe pio ia e na Kepani.

Ka pōʻino mau

Kaua o Tsushima i ka 1905 hou, a nui lawe pio i loko o ka hohonu Lūkini luina a me ko lakou mau moku. Kekahi make oopa ia battleship hele aku la i loko o ka wai a me nā lima ma luna o ka moku. A hiki i ka hope minuke i loko o kānaka - mai ka luna i ka stoker - makeʻe i ka manaolana i ka mea e e hiki i ka lanakila i ka weliweli kaua o Tsushima (1905), a ma luna o ka ihu akau-hikina Lūkini kapakai 23 he. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e ola. ua make na mea he nui i kēia manaʻo. Lūkini luina ma luna o ka battleship holo Track pu nānā i ka wahi o ka make ana o ko lakou mau hoa. Waimaka Oʻeleʻele mai kuni lehelehe. "Akua i ka maha i ko lakou mau uhane, e ka Haku"

Make pu me kona mau loa moku o ka battleship "Emperor Alexander III», a me ka hope "Borodino". Kupaianaha iaʻi pakele wale kekahi poʻe luina Kelemania e. I ka hope o ke kaua i ka foregone ka hopena. mākou manaʻo e pili ana i ka invincibility o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa kaua o Tsushima i ka 1905 i. Ke kakahiaka, ma hope i koena o ka po torpedo pepehi i ke koena o ka Lūkini squadron i hookuu mai ai i ka Japanese Hope Adimarala N. I. Nebogatovym. Hope Adimarala Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka umi makahiki 'hao i loko o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o ka mokukaua Hookolokolo o kona imperial Moi.

Ka hopena o ka alihi kaua

I ka luna o ka luku "Wild One", nāna lākou i hoʻopakele Adimarala Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, ua luna o ka 2nd lii Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. I ka hopena o keia kanaka ka loa, heʻe piʻoloke ihola. A hiki i ka Lūkini-Japanese War, oia ua he koʻikoʻi hydrographer, hele, noiʻi o Taimyr, ka luna o ka icebreaker "Ermak". He komo i loko o ka Lūkini Polar huakaʻi o Baron Eduard uku. A hoʻi hou aʻela ia ma hope o Rusia Tsushima, kahi hoʻi i kapa hoʻohanohano iā ia iho e like me kekahi o na luna luna o ka Lūkini Moana, NN Kolomiitsev i kauoha mai ai ia wahi moku. Ma World War lilo au i ka hope-'akimalala. I ka 1918, ua hopuʻia e ka Bolsheviks, a hoopaaia ma ka la o Petero a me Paul hūlili. Ma ka hapanui o ka lehulehu ākea o ka Soviet au biographies o NN Kolomiytseva welau a me na olelo: "Ua make nō anei i loko o Petrograd, presumably i ka 1918." I ka makahiki 1972, ua haawiia mai i kona inoa hou hydrographic moku. Wale nei ka mea i loaʻa mai i ka 1918 holo ma Rotehama Kolomiitsev i Finland. Hope oia kaua i loko o ka Black kai ma kaʻaoʻao o ka barona Wrangel. A laila, neʻeʻo ia i Farani, a make ihola i loko o ka United States ma lalo o ka huila o ka oihana kona kalaka ma ka hope o ka makahiki 1944. Ke'ī mai, o ka moku "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" i ka wale kekahi i loko o ka Soviet Moku moku i kapaʻia ma hope o Adimarala o ka White poʻe kiaʻi, a me ka expat.

mōʻaukala 'ike

Mai na kahua kaua o navies o ka manawa i ka mau moku i komo kaua o Tsushima ola a hiki i ko makou mau lā. He mea maopopo loa i ke cruiser "holaKahua" a me ka Japanese battleship "Mikasa", ka moku lawe hae o Adimarala Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "holaKahua" ma Tsushima kuu i ka enemi e pili ana i nā tausani pūpū, ka, ma ka huli, he iwakalua-hoʻokahi LIKE. Ke cruiser He 'inoʻino loa, he umikumamaono lālā o kona moku, a me ka luna koa, Kapena 1st hoouka i ke kaua E. R. Egorev, i make,ʻeha 83 kanaka hou. ʻAʻole i hiki ke hele aku, "holaKahua" me ka cruiser "Oleg" a me ka "Pearl" disarmed ma Manila (Philippines). E like me kekahi koa akamai, komo i loko o ke kaua o Tsushima, oia ke oi kumu cruiser "holaKahua" e malama i ka mea paipai manaʻo ma mua o ka mea kaulana hakahaka pana i loko o October 1917.

Ma ke kulanakauhale o Yokosuka i koina battleship "Mikasa" like iau moku. Ma ka mea no ka manawa lōʻihi loa ma Tsushima lā hoʻomanaʻo e paa ana ia halawai o veterans, i komo o ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua. Na Japanese i kapa a hiki i keia mōʻaukala kia me ka mahalo nui loa.

Hoomanao ana o na luina make ma Tsushima

O ka 36 huahelu o ka Lūkini squadron i loko o Vladivostok hele ekolu. Opiopio "Almaz" i pepehi, "weliweli" a me "koa." Ka hapa nui o na moku a me 5000 luina i loaʻa koena mau loa ma ka lalo o ka Korea pololei a me na mokupuni o Tsushima Dazhelet. Nā ilina o ka Lūkini luina i make i kona mau eha ma ka noho pio ana, no ke akahele malamaia e na Kepani ma Nagasaki. I ka 1910, ma St. Petersburg i ke kala i nā kanaka i ka a me na wahinekanemake nā haʻawina hau-keʻokeʻo luakini i kūkuluʻia e ola 'ia ma ka wai, hoolaa ana i ka luahi o Tsushima. Temple ku pokole, a hiki i ka hapalua like 30s. Russian-Japanese War, kaua o Tsushima - nā hua'ōlelo mau e noho mau loa i loko o ka mau loa hoomanao ana o ka Lūkini kanaka.