Kelemānia pio o ke kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union: na keia o ka paehumu, repatriation

Ma ka Soviet wā i ka helu o ke kaiapili-pili aupuni a me ka mōʻaukala Halaman, mai ka? Aieao o ke kūkākūkā lehulehu no kekahi ideological kumu. I kekahi, Ua kau ke kapu ma na mea a pau i loaʻa iā ia i kekahi mea e hana me nā pio o ke kaua, nana i kaua aku i ka elua o ke Kaua Honua ma kaʻaoʻao o Nazi Germany. Ka mea, e ole he i nei. Ia manawa, e like me kūheluʻikepili o Kuhina o Kūloko Affairs o ka USSR, ka helu o ia mea ua like ia 2.389.560 kanaka, i mea like me ka heluna o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia metropolis. O kēia mau 356 678 make e kali ana no ka kala.

"Parade o hope"

Ma hope o May 24, 1945 ua ka parade kaulana ma Red Square, ma ke alo o ka i ku i ka Ilina o akaaka malu hao wale lanakila ma luna o Nazi Kelemānia, Moscow ua hana hoʻokipa kekahi nui kekahi hanana. Ka moʻolelo Ua komo like me ka "parade o hope." Kona Hawaii photo moʻolelo wehe.

La 17 o Iulai i ka ia makahiki, he kia ao no koa o ka Apana Reich, i ka pio Soviet koa huahelu (ʻano nui ikaika ekolu Belorussian Front), pu ma ka kaua ukali, i kipakuʻia mai o ka Garden alii a me kekahi alanui'ē aʻe o ke kulanakauhale alii. Ma keia karaima hele ana i hele ma ka 57 tausani. Kelemānia pio, i ukali ia e hoohainu i ka wai kēia hoʻonaue machines, honua symbolically laundered e "fascist scum." It E e kaulana ia ma May 24, ka wā i parade ma Red Square, ma kona kahua pōhaku i Ua 16 tausani. Koa-Winners. Mau hanana mau lakou i ka pono hope o ke Kaua Honua II.

Ka helu o Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua i loko o ka USSR

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic Kaua o ka NKVD i hanaia i ka kūikawā aaieieno? (GUPVI), ma ka malama o nā helu i pili i ka poe pio o ke kaua, a ma hope interned kanaka, i komo pū 'elele o ka sīwila heluna o Kelemania, aʻEulopa aina kekahi, no kekahi kumu a me kekahi malalo i ka palena o ke ku okoa ana. Ua mea ma luna o ke kumu o ka papa hoike o ia Office i a laila hoʻokumu i ka huina helu o Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union.

It E e koke möakäka hou ia i ka hoʻokumu 'ia moolelo, ua olelo maopopo ka manawa "Kelemānia pio o ke kaua" e like me nā mea a pau i lawe pio o ke kaua, nana i kaua aku ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Apana Reich, nānā' ole o ko lākou Lāhui. I aku o ka lanakila, mau komo pū 'elele o ka 36 hou nationalities no kekahi kumu' ole kekahi loaa ia lakou iho ma na kahua o na hoa o ka Anati-fascistʻahahui.

Nāʻikepili haawiia ma ka hōʻike GUPVI, a ma ka 1959 hai ma ke Kuhina o Kalaiaina o ka USSR lono (o ia i olelo ia i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka 'atikala), ma na aoao ma paʻewa me ka hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo' ana i ka haole moʻolelo. Ma 'ana, ka noiʻi Kelemānia mai la oia i ka oiaio helu o nā koa loaa i loko o Soviet noho pio ana, oi ma mua o 3 miliona kanaka, o ka mea ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 1 miliona make mua hoi i ka hale.

Kēia discrepancy hiki ke wehewehe 'ikepili helu. Ka mea i nā wahi hoʻomoana, no ka poe pio o ke kaua a me ka heluʻai koa mooolelo o na kanaka i hoalaia hune, a me kā lākou mau pinepine ana mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi ke komo i loko o ka huikau hana. Ua uaʻike ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i ka helu o ka poe pio ua liʻiliʻi, a ma ka 1942 kokoke i 9 tausani. Man. No ka mea manawa mua he nui helu o kēia kanaka Kelemānia ─ 100 tausani. Koa, nā luna a me nā kenelala kaulana ─ i lawe pio ma hope o kā lākou pio i loko o ka kaua o Stalingrad.

Pehea e malama i ka Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union?

Kēia ninau hiki e mai la ma ka luawai-ike nane: "E like me au e lulu nei, pela no oe e ohi mai." Mai ka atrocities mea i hana fascist komohewa i loko o ka E kuai oukou nā panalāʻau e, kena ae la ia i mau inaina, ia meaʻaʻole maopopo ceremonious me ia. Na mea pio a make iho la, hiki ole ke ku e lōʻihi marches i ka wahi o ka hoʻopaʻahao, a ma ia i ke kapa ole a me ka pololi kanaka e hele i ka lanakila i kekahi mau na umi o kilomika ka lā. Ka make ana mawaena o lakou ua like kiʻekiʻe a me, like me ka rula, e ole lewa i loko o nā māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana.

Paʻa shortage o ka palapala hōʻoia no kauka lilo i ke kumu no ka mea kiʻekiʻe make ana no i ka maʻi a me nā palapū, a me kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana i kaʻai shortages, kena ae la ia e maʻi malnutrition a me exhaustion o na pio. Akā, a hiki i ka hihia ma kahi o nā huahana i haawi ma ka manawa, i kino mau hae, he uuku ia i ka mea, i ole ae i ka MOKUNA LXI, e ke olonā wāwae o ka grueling physical hana. Inā e hookui aku i ke anu,ʻino a me ka cramped, a iloko o ka poe pio, a laila, e lilo ia i hoike kumu i loko o kekahi manawa o ka make mawaena o lakou i hiki aku ai 70%.

Ma waho aʻeo i na koa a me na ilamuku, ka poe kaua ma kaʻaoʻao Kelemānia, ma Soviet noho pio ana, ua hoi ka poeikohoia lehulehu o ka pūkaua o ka Apana Reich. Ma 'ana, ma hope o ka pau' ana o ke kaua o Stalingrad i haʻakoi e haawi 32 o ka German General, alai ae e General-Field Ilamuku Paulo (kona Hawaii photo ua hōʻike i ka 'atikala). I huina, iloko o na makahiki kaua i loko o ka noho pio ana, he 376 Nazi mau pūkaua nui, o ka mea a 277 i hoi i ka hale, 99 make e kali ana no ka repatriation, a ua kauia 18 no ke kaua hewa.

ka hehiʻia Convention

Document wā kūwaho hoʻi puke maʻamau, o ka hana maikaʻiʻole o ka poe pio o ke kaua, ua ka Geneva Convention o 1929, kakauinoaia a aponoia e 53'āina i loko o Europa, Asia a me Amerika, akā, hōʻole lākou ma Stalin ka aupuni. Ka Soviet Union hoole, e komo i loko o kā lākou helu, ma mua o make i mea hiki ole e loaa ana o ka miliona o kona poe kanaka, ka poe i haule iho ai i na makahiki o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua i loko o Kelemānia noho pio ana. Ua i uhi ia e ka Aha-elele e pili ana i ka iapaau ana o na Paahao o War, a me ka hookupaa i kulike ai me na olelo o kona loio i ai.

Ma ka like kulana home 'ole e noho ana na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, e paʻa i loko o ka palena o ka USSR i ka poe hoomoana lehulehu, a me nā wahi o ka hoʻopaʻahao. Ke Soviet Aupuni i i manaʻo iā lākou iho e paa ana i ka malama i ka mahalo ana o lakou i kekahi o nā ana hoʻohālike o kau ia e ka holoʻokoʻa. Naʻe, ka mea, ua nui maliuia mai, aʻaʻole waleʻaneʻi, akā, ma kahi'ē, i nā kūlana o ka paehumu o Kelemānia pio i loko o ka Soviet Union ua paa nae ka oi humane ma mua o ka poʻe a pau i hanaiaʻi ma Germany, a ma ka noho panalāʻau e noho no mākou compatriots.

Ka hoʻohana o Kelemānia Pow hana

Ke Soviet Union Ua mau hoʻomano hoʻohana hana o na paahao, ka nānā 'ana paha ka mea,ʻo ka waiwai o na makaainana, ho'āhewa no karaima hewa, a me ka poe e noho i ka luahi o ka pili aupuni repression. A like me ka hana pono i hoʻohana 'ku e pio o ke kaua. Inā i ke kaua, kā lākou mau makana i ka hoʻokele waiwai ua uuku, ka mea, ua loaa i ka loa nuiʻokoʻa i loko o ka hope wā.

Kelemānia pio o ke kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union i lehulehu a me ka nike hana ikaika, a me ke kokua ana o i ka loaa ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke aupuni, i lukuʻia i ke kaua. Nehinei i ka poe koa a me na ilamuku o ka Apana Reich hana i ka hana o nā hale hana, aeaciui ai, na awa, makua, a no laila, ma luna o. D. ko lakou mau lima hou neo? Aaiiai? I loko o nā kūlanakauhale ma ka aina, a me ka mea, hana no hoi lakou ma ka lumber mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, e like me ka hooulu ana o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai, e like me uranium , hao i eliia, a me ka lanahu. Ma keia manao, he nui loa o ka poe pio ua hiki i pana aku au i na mea he nui makahiki ma keʻena, a inaccessible like o ka Soviet Union.

Ma ka postwar wā, ua maheleia ka aina holoʻokoʻa i loko o 15 aneiai wahi, 12 o i hoʻohana i ka hana o ka mea kahiko Kelemānia koa a me nā luna. Camp o Kelemānia pio i loko o ka USSR i na olelo o ka paehumu o ka pio mea,ʻaʻole nui okoa mai ka poe i pihaʻi me miliona o ka luahi o Stalinist repression. Ua ua oi loa paakiki iloko o ke kaua.

I ka pālākiō o ka hana hula ma Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua i loko o ka USSR, mai 1943 a hiki i 1950, e like me ka hoike ana o ka Central kālā Oihana o ke Kuhina o ko Kalaiaina. E like me ka mea i loaʻa pono i loko o ia mau mea, no ka wā ma ke kūkulu 'ō o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke aupuni, i hana mai oi ma mua o 1 ieeeea? (E e kūlike loa - 1077564200) ke kanaka-lā. Ma keia hihia, no ka nui o ka hana i hana, ma lalo o ka maliu holo 'awelika i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ua like ia ma kahi o 50 ieeeea? Rubles.

Propaganda hana i waena o pio

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, ka NKVD ua incessant hana e ho okumu ana o ke kaua Anati-fascist? Aia ka kaiapuni. Kona hopena i ka ho okumu i ka 1943, o ka "Free Germany" National Komite, mua mau, a i ole i ole mawaena o ka poe pio, no ka mea, oia ka elele o ke 'lii a me ka waihona a me ka haahaa kaua o ka poe koa.

Eia naʻe, nui ka ikaika o ka pili aupuni manaʻo nui o ke Komite ma hope o ka mea i hoike i ka makemake e hui Lutanela General Alexander av Daniels a me nā mele-nui - Otto Korfers a me Martin Lattamnn. Lākou neʻe aku, kena ae la i ka manawa o ka palapala a me ka ukiuki ana o nā hoapili kahiko he nui, i paa pio. A nui pūʻulu o Kelemānia pūkaua alakaʻi e Paulo i kekahi palapala hoakaka i ka a lakou i hoahewa i ka hilahila, a hai aku poe kipi i ka pono o Germany.

Eia naʻe, nui koke pili i ka hoʻololi o ka pūkaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Anati-fascist koa i loli, a me keʻano nui kūlana ma keia hoʻokani wale Paulo. Ma ka pilikino mea o Stalin,ʻo ia i hoololiia, mai ka poe kaua o ka poe pio o ke kaua a hiki i kekahi o ka mea kūikawā mea ─ NKVD dacha Moscow Dubrovo waho.

Aia, E like me ka hopena o ka manaʻoʻike lapaʻau, General-Field Ilamuku radically hoʻololi i kona mua, a lilo koke akea kūkala hui i ka Anati-fascistʻahahui. Ua Ua noʻonoʻo i ka hookamaia ana ia he olelo hooholo pili kēia ka pilina me ka'ano'ē loli i loko o ka papa o ke koa ana, e like me ka "kipi ana o nā pūkaua" i ka makahiki 1944 kokoke loaʻa i ke ola o ka Führer.

Omaka o ka repatriation kaʻina

Ke repatriation o Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua (e hoʻi i kā lākou'āina) i lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua o kēia mau mea i ee aku ma hope o ka August 1945 puka i ka manao paa o ka USSR State Pale Kaua Komite, e like me a ma ka pono, e hoʻi i Germany loaa 708 tausani. People me ke kino kīnā a me ka polokalamu JavaScript koa o nā mea a pau nationalities, mai waena o ke Kula Uku a me ka 'ole-Komikina'Āina luna.

A mahina ma hope, i ka ia i ka uku, ma September 11 o ka ia makahiki, he hou palapala ia e me ka nui loa hoʻonui i ka laulā o repatriated kanaka. Ma waho aʻeo i ka hōʻike muaʻia aʻe nā waeʻano, e komo pū i na koa, a malalo kahua o nā nationalities, koe nae na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, nānā 'ole o ko lākou physical ana a me ka hana i ka hana. Ka mea, Ua hoounaia mai i ka hale i loko o January 1946. 'Ia, he poe wale ka poe i hoopiiia o ka hana mea kaua hewa. Ua Ua oi loa kaulana i ka repatriation mea i malama i ke kanaka nāna i mālama ai i loko o ka Waffen-SS, SA, SD a me Gestapo luna.

Ke'ī mai, ma ke kakahiaka nui postwar makahiki, i ka bulk o ka poe pio o ke kaua, ka poe i hoomau i ke paipu ma ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka luku hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke aupuni, oiaʻano nui o kēia kanaka Kelemānia. E like me ka hoike ana o ke Kuhina o Kūloko Affairs o ka USSR i loko o Okatoba MH 1946, ma ka halelewa a me ka hana battalions spetsgospitalyah he aneane hapalua o ka miliona kanaka, me 352 mau pūkaua nui, a 74.5 tausani. Luna. Pela ignominiously i pau ai na fascists kona notorious Drang nach Osten ( «Drang nach Osten").

Lōʻihi ala i ka hale

I ka wā e hiki mai, i ka helu ana o Kelemānia poe pio o ke kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union hoole mai, akā, lohi. Ma May 1947, ma ke kumu o ka olelo hooholo o ka USSR Kukamalu o Kuhina, Germany hoouna ma kahi o 100 tausani. Unemployable pio, mai waena o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia,ʻaʻole i mālama ai i loko o ka SS, SD, SA a me Gestapo, a i ole komo 'ana i loko o ke kaua hewa. Repatriation kumuhana i na koa a me na ilamuku, ka poe i ole hoouka i ke kaua ma luna o ka luna.

Ma June o ka ia makahiki, i lawe mai i ka alakaʻi o ka NKVD hana, e hali ana i ka hai propagandistic ano. E like me ke kauoha, i kakauinoaia e Stalin kino, ua hoouna aku la i ka hale o na tausani o Kelemānia pio o nā kaua, i ke akea ka hoike i ko lakou Anati-fascist naʻau i loko, a ma waena o ke alakai Manufacturers. About keia hoʻouna pono-lohe lakou a pau i paa i ka i koe, a me ka hoike wahi mau kākauʻana ma luna o ka hoʻokō 'hana nā meaʻeʻe moku.

Ke Aupuni ka pilikino E pili ma ke kahe ana o repatriation

Ma ka pau ana o ka makahiki 1947, i ka helu o ka paahao no e hoouna aku i ka hale, ua mahuahua, akā, i ka mea ia manawa pono ho'ākāka 'ana hoʻii ka Soviet aupuni pilikino E pili ma repatriation. Mua o nā mea a pau, i kēia kaʻina hele lohi, a me ka loaa wale i kekahi kŘpa a uuku pūʻulu o kekahi mau waeʻano o nā kānaka. Eia hou, ua kuhikuhi hoouna aku la i ka poe, ma ka manao o ka Soviet Aupuni, ua ka uuku hiki ke ho ololi i ka hou kūpono 'ana o ke kahua kālai'āina nā ma Germany, a ma ka'āina i kaua i loko o ke kaua ma konaʻaoʻao o ka hale.

Ma keia manao, mua o nā mea a pau i hoʻouna i nā mea maʻi i, no ka maopopo kumu, hoi mai ka noho pio ana, e e hana i loko o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke ola,ʻaʻole kālai'āina. Aole hiki ia i kanalua i ka mea i ano o koa, NCOs a me na ilamuku, a hiki ina e ho'āʻo i ka lawe 'ana i loko o ke ola pili aupuni o ka aina, i ka emi holomua ma mua o ka pūkaua nui ka poe i hoi mai, mai ka noho pio ana. Oi loa aku hoi i ka mahuahua pele o nā meaʻeʻe moku ma hope o ka hoʻokumu o ka hikina hapa o Germany ka kākoʻo-Soviet aupuni.

Hope, i ke ku okoa ana a pau o ka loaa koa kahiko, Junior luna mai a hiki a me ke komo pu, he loko maikai physical ano a me ka pono no ka pono e like me ka hana. Eia hou, i ka lawe pioʻana mai kauō ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe luna, ke 'ano laulā a me ka Adimarala, SS luna, SD, ka Gestapo, like hoʻi me nā pio o ke kaua a me ka hewa.

I ka pau 'ana o ka repatriation o ka poe pio o ke kaua

Ma ka pau ana o 1949 ma Soviet pio ana nō hoopaa no ka oi ma mua o 430 tausani. Kelemānia koa, me ke ku ei i ka hoʻokô 'i ma ka poeikohoia o ka USSR i ka makahiki 1947, ma ka huiʻana o ko na Aina e Kuhina o ka Anati-Hitlerʻahahui. E like me ka mea kakau palapala ia, ua ka repatriation o ka poe pio o ke kaua, e e pau e December 1948.

E like me ke akaka 'aʻe' ana o ka maliuia aelike huhu i nā alakaʻi o Western Hawaii, a hoʻoikaika Stalin e hōʻeleu i ka hoʻouna o ka pio. Ua Ua hope Ua hoʻi hou i Germany ole wale ma ka 'elele o ka kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna, akā, i ka pūkaua nui a me ka Adimarala. 'Ia, he ua make 99 wale no ia mai ka maʻi, a kauia 18 no ke kaua hewa.

I mau, Ua pau ka repatriation i loko o May 1950. Ma ka oihana TASS, lohe ma May 5'Ī akula ia i loko o Germany a pau o nā koa ma mua, nāna i kaua aku ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Apana Reich i hoouna mai ai, me ke koe o ka 9716 pio, 3816 hāʻupu, a me 15 seriously mai nā mea maʻi.