Kēpau nitrate. Nine waiwai, ka hoʻohana 'ana o

Kēpau nitrate - mea he'okanikaʻole i huiia me ka kēia haʻilula: PB (NO3) 2. Ma ka maʻamau moku'āina mea he keʻokeʻo ka pauka a colorless nā pōaka. Kēia waiwai i loa wailana i loko o ka wai.

physical waiwai

1. He mea pono wailana i omo o ka wela i loko o H2O (ka wai), poorly - ma ka acetone, like hoʻi me meto a me ka'eto waiʻona mai ke kino.
2. Ua 'ano apau loa colorless nā pōaka diamagnetic, nuʻa 4,530 g. / Santimetr³. Kēlā me kēia'Ātoma PB (alakai) hoʻopuniʻia heʻumikumamālua nā'ātoma o O (oxygen). PB-O paʻa lōʻihi o ka 0,281 HI, a me NO - 0.127 HI. Ua cubic nenoaiu. Pa3 no a hiki i ka makahiki pae. no hoi i loaa monoclinic ano ole cubic? ueo i hiki ia enaena poorly wailana ma H2O (ka wai).
3. E alakai mahele heheʻe i ka mahana o ka 600,65 K.

Pehea e kiʻi alakai nitrate

Kēia waiwai uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o maoli. Nolaila, kanaka ua ulu kekahi kiʻina hana (hanalima, a keʻena hoʻokolohua), a e hoemi ana i ka noho male 'ana o ke kēpau (PB), kona hydroxide a'okesaside ma ka dilute nitricʻakika. reactions:
3Pb (kēpau) + 8HNO3 (nitricʻakika) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (ke alakaʻi i nitrate) + 2NO (nitric'okesaside Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia me ke kinoea) + 4H2O (ka wai);
PbO (kēpau'okesaside) + 2HNO3 (nitricʻakika) = PB (NO3) 2 (ke alakaʻi i nitrate) + H2O (ka wai);
PB (OH) 2 (ke alakaʻi i hydroxide) + 2HNO3 (nitricʻakika) = PB (NO3) 2 (kēpau dinitrate) + 3H2O (ka wai).

I mea e uhi i ka hydrolysis, a emi i ka solubility o kēpau dinitrate nitricʻakika E e lawe i ka loa.

Nō hoʻi, kēpau dinitrate loaa me he he hopena ia i loko o ka huikala ana o ka waoʻakika, nitricʻakika, e laʻa me, ka wā aaioee wao alakai-bismuth nā hale hana. A laila, i ka hui ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka cyanide leaching o ke gula.

He aha nō ka Nine Inch waiwai i ke alakaʻi i nitrate

1. Ma ka koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ke alakaʻi i nitrate dissociates i anions nitrate a me ke kēpau cations. Eia mea keia naoh:

PB (NO3) 2 (kēpau dinitrate) = Pb2 + (ke alakaʻi i cation) + 2NO3- (naikokene'okesaside anion)

Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana Ua hydrolyzed alakai dinitrate. I ka i oi dala nitratokompleksy NO3- i hua mai la: [PB (NO3) 6] 3-, [PB (NO3) 4] 2- a [PB (NO3) 3] -. Inā i ka pH o ka pāʻoihana mea ulu, ka hopena ua hana gidronitraty PB (OH) m (NO3) y me ee iaaanu aey haku mele 'ana. Kekahi o ia mau mea i ka mea ia manawa kaʻawale ma ka paa moku'āina.

2. No ka mea, dinitrate alakai Ua wailana hui, e mea hiki ke loaa i ke kēia mail naoh:

2HCl (hydrochloricʻakika) + PB (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (ke alakaʻi i koloriside precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitricʻakika);
H2SO4 (sulfuricʻakika) + PB (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (ke alakaʻi i sulufahate precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitricʻakika);
PB (NO3) 2 (kēpau nitrate) + 2NaOH (paʻakai hydroxide) = PB (OH) 2 (ke alakaʻi i hydroxide precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (paʻakai nitrate);
PB (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (paʻakai azide) = PB (N3) 2 (kēpau azide, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (paʻakai nitrate).

Kekahi Nine Inch i huiia i loaʻa i ke alakaʻi cation (PB + 2) e pane koke me ka pāʻoihana ma i ka anion o iodide. Keia ano he precipitate o melemele-alani kala like 'ole (Pbl2, alakai iodide). Ua nana e like keia naoh:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 ( 'anaʻana,)

ʻO ia, e loaa hou naoh i loko o ka paa pae. No kekahi laʻana:

PB (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potasiuma) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (potasiuma nitrate)

I ka hoʻohana ana o ke alakaʻi i nitrate

- hoʻohana like me ka hoʻomaka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hapanui o ka'ē aʻe i huiʻia o PB (alakai);
- me he inhibitor o nylon polymers a me nā polyesters, me he rodenticide, i loko o ka paleʻana o ka pepa fototermograficheskoy;
- e like me ka mea alakaʻi nitrate - ua dovolno hoʻopōʻino i huiʻia ma ka hanalima kaiaulu e e hoʻohana 'ē aʻe i huiʻia. No ka laʻana, ma o ka hana o ka pena, ihoiho a me fireworks loa haalele ke alakaʻi i kekahi i huiʻia.
- i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o kēpau nitrate ua hoʻohana 'ia me ke kumu maikai a me ka pono o ka dinitrogen tetroxide;
- kŘpa a nei i ka loa i kaupalena 'mea o ka Nine Inch hui hoʻohana i loko o ke gula cyanidation.
- i loko o ke aloha kemika, PB (NO3) 2 Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka oxidant, e loaa i ka dithiocarbamate o isothiocyanates. ia ma muli o ia kona kiʻekiʻe kaʻawahia ua hoʻohana 'emi emi a.

maluhia

Kēpau nitrate ua hoʻolaha like waeʻano 2a (paha carcinogenic i kānaka hui). Unacceptable inhalation oʻawahia fumes a me kona 'ai, inu a me ka hui' ana me ka ili a me mucosa. kēpau dinitrate E e mālama ma lalo o ana. Nine kaʻapu kōheoheo me keia hui hiki aku i kaʻapu kōheoheo, gliomas a me kaʻaʻa puʻuwai Ka maʻi 'aʻai, lolo a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.