Kumuʻiʻo quaternary 'ole: mall hiʻona a me ka hana

A poe akeakamai kaulana kekahi manawa, i aku la, "Life - mea heʻano o ke ola o ke kumuʻiʻo kino." Aʻo ua loa pono, no ka mea, o ka ke aloha mea o ke kumu o ka hapanui meaola. Kumuʻiʻo quaternary 'ole o ka loa luna' 'ole a me ka hanana waiwai. He e e hoʻolaʻa i ka 'atikala. Nō hoʻi, e noonoo i ka 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

He aha aloha

A hui nui o ke aloha 'ona i hui pu ia e kekahi, he pono ole ka waiwai. Ka mea, he poe no kekahi mau Nine Inch hehee wale. Ka mea, i kapaʻia organogenic. Ka hydrogen, oxygen, kalapona a me ka naikokene. Oia hoi, ka mea hana i ke aloha 'ona.

Kekahi o ko lākou e like me ka ano o ia mea, i nā mea a pau biopolymers. Mau mea nui macromolecules. Ka mea, komo no ka helu nui o ka hou huahelu kapa monomers. No ka carbohydrate mea monosaccharide, no ka lipid - glycerol a me ka momoma nāʻakika. Akā, DNA a me RNA he poe nucleotides.

Nine 'ole o nā polokina

Monomers nā polokina - e'amino nāʻakika, kela mea keia mea o i i ka Nine Inch 'ole. Ke kumu no keia lātoma mea he kalapona'Ātoma, ia 'ano apau loa eha paa. Ka mua o kēia mau - a hiki i ka hydrogen'Ātoma. A lua a me ke kolu, pakahi, i hanaʻia me ka'amino a me ka karboksogruppoy. Lakou hooholo ole wale i ka 'ole o ka biopolymer nā lātoma, akā, i ko lakou mau waiwai. Ka hope pūʻulu i loko o ka lātoma'aminoʻakika kapaia'ano'ē. 'O kēia ka pae ana o nā'ātoma, no ka mea, i na monomers a pau iʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi, i ke kumu no ka nuiʻano o nā polokina a me ka poe ola mea.

Ka 'ole o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma

Kekahi ano o kēia mau ke aloha i huiʻia o ia ka mea hiki ke ola ma kekahi pae o ka hui. He He iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe, tertiary a me quaternary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. Kēlā me kēia no ia i kekahi waiwai a me ka ano.

Helu 'ole o ka

Kēia kumuʻiʻo 'ole ka loa na mea i ka' ole. He He lei o'amino nāʻakika, a i pili ma kaʻakika'amino paa. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma waena o ka'amino a me karboksogruppami kokoke nā lātoma.

haumāna 'ole

I ka wā o ka'aminoʻakika kaulahao, ua haika i loko o ka helix, hana kekahi haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. Palapala i loko o ka lātoma kapa hydrogen, a me kona ano oihana mua o ka like nā'ātoma ma ooieoeiiaeuiiai'amino pūʻulu. Ke hoʻohālikelike me kaʻakika'amino, ka mea, i nui emi mana, akā, hiki ke hoopaa i kēia 'ole.

tertiary 'ole

Akā,ʻo kēia mau 'ole - ka mea, o ka mea poepoe, i mea hiloʻoni iho o ka'amino nāʻakika. Ua ua i kapa globule. Aia ia ma pili 'o Randy i kupu mai ma waena o residues wale kekahi'amino nāʻakika - cysteine. Ka mea, i kapaʻia disulfide. Kēia 'ole kekahi Kākoʻo hydrophobic a me ka electrostatic paa. Ka mea mua o ka hopena o ka attraction ma waena o ka'amino nāʻakika i loko o ka koʻana koko meakino. Ma ia mau ana, o ko lakou hydrophobic residues kokoke "pili pu" e hana i kekahi globule. Eia kekahi,'aminoʻakika radicals i ana ke kū'ē i 'āhewa' ana i o Laielohelohe i kekahi i kekahi. E like me ka hopena, eia hou electrostatic pilina.

Kumuʻiʻo quaternary 'ole

Ke quaternary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo ka loa paʻakikī. 'O kēia ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻi pū o kekahi mau globules. Ka mea, e oko a, a me ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana a me nā' ano o nā māhele hui. Inā ke kumuʻiʻo quaternary 'ole ua hana wale no'aminoʻakika residues, ia mea noonoo ole. Mau biopolymers i kapaʻia nā polokina. Akā, inā i pili i nā nā lātoma i kēia mau ole-kumuʻiʻo eiiiiiaiou ana proteid. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia i kēia'amino hui me ka carbohydrate, nukeleaʻakika residues a me phosphorus, lipids, kanaka nā'ātoma o ka hao a me ke keleawe ulaula. Ma maoli ka mea, ua i ike kumuʻiʻo eiiieaenu me maoli 'ia nā pōpō waiwai - pigments. Kēia 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma Ua oi luna'.

Māhele palapala quaternary kumuʻiʻo kanu'ōiwi nā mea kuleana no kona waiwai. ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i filamentous paha fibrillar biopolymers mai e hoike mai i loko o ka wai. Ka mea, e malama aku i ka papa nui no ka meaola ola. Penei, Muscle nā polokina actin a me ka myosin i ka hele, a me ka mea i ke kumu o keratin lauoho o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Spherical ole globular nā polokina quaternary 'ole i loa wailana i loko o ka wai. Lākou kūlana ma ke ano meaʻokoʻa. Oia waiwai i hiki ke transporting kinoea, e like me hemoglobin, hoopili aku ai me pepsin, a hana i ka aiiay papa, e like nā mea'aʻaʻa.

kumuʻiʻo mall

Kumuʻiʻo quaternary 'ole, o ka oi aku globular, e hoʻololi' ana i kona 'ole. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi ma lalo o ka aoao o ka likeʻole aʻe. Loa pinepine ka mea, ua kiʻekiʻe wela, ikaika nāʻakika a kaumaha ke hooheheeia.

Inā ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma unwinds i ka'aminoʻakika kaula, ua kapaia ia ka waiwai denaturation. Kēia kaʻina He reversible. Kēia 'ole hiki hou lilo globules nā lātoma. Kēia inverse kaʻina ua kapaia renaturation. Inā ka'aminoʻakika nā lātoma aku mai kekahi i kekahi, a uhai i kaʻakika'amino paa ana, he mea ka make. Kēia kaʻina He irreversible. Kēia kumuʻiʻo hiki ole e loaa hou ai. Luku ma kela mea keia mea o mākou i palai hua.

Pela ka quaternary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo - pilina type, a ua hanaʻia i loko o ka lātoma. He mea ikaika lawa, akā, ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi aʻe hiki ke'opi.