KV. Pahu "Klim Voroshilov". KV-1 Soviet pahu

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II, mākaukau me kekahi poe koa i loko o ke ao nei aole no kaumaha poʻina nalu. Me kekahi a koe. Ka Red Army ka mea, ua.

No ke aha la e mākou pono ai kaumaha poʻina nalu

Ke kaua - ka, mua a me ka mea i hele mamua, hana, paakiki,ʻino a me ka loa pilikia loa. Koa loa o ka manawa hana i ka eli ana i ka honua. Ke hou ia, e extract i ka lepo, ka mea kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa o ke ola. Aia i na ia a pau o ka hana,ʻaʻole e emi manawa-hoopauia'na, a no kela a me keia o ia pono he okoa mea paahana. I ka pōkā pahū ma luna o kanaka wahi pale eʻaʻole hana kaumaha bomber - hemahema hoouka. ka hanalima Loaʻaʻia o kaʻenemi, e luku, he kinai E ole e ia, e hiki mai kekahi kaʻakālai Bombers, a ma laila e e nui. Light poʻina nalu i pono no ka hohonu a me ka kokololio kaua, holo alaʻokoʻaʻenemi pale aku ia lakou, a hana i kekahi "eke" ma a nui koa huahelu, nele o ka lako a me ka launa pu, hiki ole lōʻihi ola. Inā mākou e huki i analogy me ka hana koʻi lipi, ka mea hana i ka hana o ka maka, a me ka'ōlewa pono. Akā, he mau wahi, i hiki ia oe hemahema hou aku i mea ikaika, a me ka oi o ka nui ole (koi, no ka laʻana, a me ke koʻi lipi). Kaumaha poʻina nalu i pono ina o ka poe ola, pum paa keia oihana, e lawe, aʻaʻole hiki ke piliwaiwai, a ia i ka methodical wanaao ae, he ikaika frontal hopena, destructional a me ka merciless.

kaumaha a me ka hi kaua ma Karelia i hele mai i loko o December 1939. Weliweli awaawa anu, me ka hau mai i kona pūhaka, ma lalo o ke piholo maila, a me ke kūpaleʻana. Inā map kumu hoʻohui mines, ka loaʻaʻana o ka i mea problematic; i ka hana o ka snipers; koke i kupu mai hoʻolaha emplacements hoomaluia ka mānoanoa o ka ikaika pōhaku puna; Polar po, e kaumaha ana i ka psyche; i ka hikiʻole, e hana i ke ahi, a mahana mai i nā mea a pau; paala, hūnāʻia, hou, ma lalo o ka hau, a me ka nui, he nui aku, ia mea ike, "No ke aha la i kona loihi ana i'ō i kekahi ano o ka uuku Finland". Ka paakiki hana o ka Hopu "Mannerheim Line" no ka manawa mua hookani i ka nui a Mānoa kaumaha poʻina nalu. Ke Soviet Union i loko o ka maka o ka Stalinist alakaʻi hoʻoholo e hookupaa nui ae i ka kiʻekiʻe-mana kapa kila lima mua nā'āina. Ka Pinilana War i wahi mana Eia kekahi laʻana, ma ka like o ka QMS. December 17, imi e lanakila i ka paa Hottinen, i kekahi o ia mau mea ma ka hoʻolilo o ka 20th Brigade detonated ka Anati-pahu koʻu. Ka luina i ole ae mai ka pōʻino, akā, i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e haʻalele i ke kaʻa. Ua i kekahi o na palapala noi mua o ka hou kaua.

Kaumaha pahu like me ka manaʻo o Soviet koa ana

Ka oihana hana i kekahi mea e hana ai no ke kumu. He paʻakikī e noonoo ai i na i kekahi kahua ma a I. V. Stalin o ka poʻe akamai o ka mea e kahiko ai kaa, a, hoohaakei ana ma kona paipu, I mai la kela: "A hana mai iaʻu i ka minuke kaumaha pahu. Ua nui koʻu makemake ia. Caprice ma mai iaʻu e like me ... ". Ma keia hihia, aohe o ka moku'āina, aole ia i i lawa dala, e halawai me ka loa ka manaʻo hana o ka mālama kona palena. No, a pau na hana i i hoʻonohoʻia ma ka Kremlin i loko o ke akamai, ua ua kākoʻo.

I kekahi kaua mīkini i me laekahi 'olelo no ka hanaʻino mai i nā mea kaua, hoomaka iho la i loko o kakahiaka 1939, lawe mai i ka olelo hooholo o ka State Komite ma Pale Kaua, hookama i loko o December 1938. E like me ka oihana ao o ka Soviet Union, e kaua ana i loko o ka hihia o ka paha (a kakali ana i) i ke kaua, he ia e hoʻomohala i kaʻenemi ?? eoi? Ma lalo o kona paʻakikī kū'ē i ka koke ke kahua. Oia ke ano e kue ana ninau mai kekahi oaoieei-mea, nolaila, i ka poʻe akamai i haawiia mai e like TK. Ke implication ua ia ma ke akea naha i loko o ke kūlana pale laina e neʻe aku nui huahelu, i hoʻolako pono ia me ka malamalama e hoʻokēʻai pahu BT-papa, hiki ke neʻe ma luna alanui ma kiʻekiʻe māmā. Me keia paha ha i, a me ka piha ea supremacy, Ua hoomauia ka lanakila a me ka palena haʻahaʻa poho.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka manao i na hana e

He alakaʻi i ka manao o ka QMS pahu Zh. Ya. Kotin, Luna Nui akamai o ka Leningrad Kirov hola. hoomanao i ka inoa o ka poʻe i pepehiʻia nei alakaʻi, i ke poo o ka aoao hui, "ka cradle o ke kipi." ? ac? kekahi kaʻa ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o A. Ermolaeva ma ke kokoke hola helu 185, ka mea i kapaia o ka T-100. Ka manao manaʻo o kēlā mau makahiki ua multidirectional, ma ka nui, kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhi mea mimiki noaia ma i ke ahi kaiaulu hiki e hoʻopoepoe. At SMK ua nui loa ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka ia kahi o ka hale kiaʻi ekolu ua hoʻoholo ihola e hookupaa nui ae i mau e hoʻoikaika 'i ka holo a me ka hana ana hoʻokoe.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka wa o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka papahana hana pae o trainees puka Wammen (Koa Academy o mechanization a me ka motorisation) ia. Stalin alakaʻiʻia NF Shashmurina, i kohoia e hele hou: e wehe i hoʻokahi hou halekiai (a opiopio 'Oihana i loaʻa excessive), e hoʻouka kakolina diesel kahi o kola kiko'ī a me ka emi i ke kaʻa ma luna o nā rollers. I mea, ke kime intuitively hele mai i ke ano, a ua lilo ia i Classic no na makahiki ma mua o ko lākou mau haole nā hoapili, ua maliuʻia ka manaʻo wale ma na pakanalima.

Pela i hanau i ka Soviet KV-1 pahu.

Mai nō i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia

E lawe mai i ka Mono-hale kiaʻi pahu Komikina'Āina alakaʻi o akamai N. L. Duhovu. Haʻahaʻa akula 'ana i ka lohi ua pilikia ma ka Stalin makahiki, i keia la i kekahi pono. I kali hou aku ke i ka 'oni iki ana i ka emi mai' ihiʻihi 'oihana, i loko o ka Quilt lākeke, a me ka ike a me ka koʻi lipi. Luna Nui akamai o ka KV hoa Uhane Makuakane me ka hana. By Augate kaumaha poʻina nalu KV a me QMS i hoomakaukau mākou, a hōʻike mai iā ia i ka State Komite, a ma September Kubinka ka hooiaio ana lepo lulu iho la ia me ka halulu ana o kiko'ī ma ka hōʻike o ka hou ana hoʻohālike. Like koke i kā lākou ae i hana, i ano "ka liberation kai eʻe" i Finland, a me kēiaʻano hana ua nui. Akamai no hoi hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻokōʻana o ka? Acaeoey. Pahu 'Klim Voroshilov "hele aku i loko o ke kaua.

Pehea i hana ai i ka HF-2

Mannerheim laina Ua hoʻoikaika loa. Like ka Palani Maginot, ua kau ma na kihi o ka mokuna (ke komohana o ke awawa o Finland, ma ka hikina o Ladoga), a puni ka mea, ua hiki ole i. Kukuluia na wahi paa a pau competently, me ka degere kiʻekiʻe o ke kū kaʻawale, a pau i ka pono aeuiiai ieaia? No ka mea pale. I mau, kaumaha pahu KV hoike ana ia ia ua pono, akā, no ka 76 mm o caliber pu ua,ʻaʻole lawa no ka uhai i ka ikaika pōhaku puna hale, i hunaia, ahu iho o ka lepo. Pono hou aku i mea mana, no ka laʻana, 152 mm o howitzer, i ua mua ma ka hana, aole nae i nele i ka ikaika kaʻa kauō kaʻa kauō no kona halihali. Leningrad poʻe akamai, he hou ka hakaka ana: e hui pu iho nui oihana mua elua, pūkuniahi a me ka pūʻolo kaʻa, akā nō hōʻoia i ka pono o ka hoomalu ana o ka moku, mai ka pu luina. No laila, ua he KV-2 pahu-striker, manaoia e hahi i kekahi pakaua.

Ma ka interwar wā

Ke Pinilana War, naʻe ka mea, ua koko, koke i pau ai, akā, manaʻo huhū i kēia, i ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o kaumaha hana, a me ka pua ana type hoʻomau. No ka February 1940 pahu "Klim Voroshilov" i wale nō mau a hemo me ka moʻo ma ka LB (Leningrad Kirov hola), a me ka hoʻomaka ana i loko o Iune a me CTZ (Chelyabinsk kanu i kapaʻia ke kaʻa kauō). Ohohia i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i aliʻi kiʻekiʻe, ka mea mua HF Uralʻaha kanaka mai o ka Shop koke, a me ke kūkulu nā pihana'ū kukulu i hookaawale hale, i ka nui o ka i paipai i ka manawa kūpono loa nui. Mākou i i hooki i ka hana a me ka manao eiiaiaeu, oiai mau e hoʻoikaika 'i ka oaoieei-hana a me ka noonoo hōʻike' ia wā i ke kaua. Ma ka Akuma ka o ke kanaha e hōʻike 'elua hou Eia kekahi laʻana me ka kaumaha kapa kila i ka 90 mm o me ka nui ikaika mea kaua mea kaua (85 mm o caliber, a ua hiki hiki ole moe tankers koena o ko ke ao nei). Ma ka pau ana o ka makahiki ia i? Aaony kekahi kanaka nunui, i kēia manawa me ka 100-mm o ka hoomalu ana. Mau machines e malu ulu, e kapaia ka mea, mea 220, 221 a me 222. No ole kekahi i ike ...

E like me ka Loaʻaʻia enemi

I ka 1941, ia? Oaony e paka 1200 kaumaha hana, ma ka pau HF-1 - 400 HF-2 - 100 (ka mea, i ka loa kekahi papa, a me ka nele no ka mea, ua lalo nei) a me HF-3 - ka poe a pau 500 apana. A me ia mea wale nō i loko o Leningrad! Kekahi 200 huahelu i, e haawi aku CTZ. I ka 1949, i hua mai la i ka kaumaha pahu KV-1 a me KV-2 supercarrier, a he nui ka helu (243). A pau o ka Red Army, he 636. A hailona a me ka uuku? Soviet moʻolelo, ae wehewehe i nā kumu no ka catastrophe o ke kauwela o 1941, kaheaia ka manao i ke kālā no poʻina nalu mākou nele. Naʻe, ka mea, ua poina e hōʻike i ka mea i ka Wehrmacht kela aoao o ka palena o ka USSR, ka ma kona hoʻolilo i ka apana uuku na oi aku mamua o ekolu tausani poʻina nalu, a me ka mea, i nā mea a pau, me ka a koe, he mehana. A, i ka hou inoa ia paʻakikī loa. Europa blitzkrieg ua, o ka papa, leʻaleʻa hele, akā, i ka engine i ole malama,ʻo ia i kekahi e kipaku ana ma ke ala ka loa maikai wā. Car hopu ma Farani a me Czechoslovakia, hoi, i ole e hele i kekahi e like no hoi me ko kakou maʻalahi BT. Ua makaukau Romania, he Ally o Nazi Kelemānia, a ma nā mea a pau "Renault 17" (17 - kēia Year, 1917 la), i loko o ka USSR, he 2 mau mea, ka mea e noho ana ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha.

Oia la, aka, e ka manawa i ka hoomanao i ole wale produces kaumaha poʻina nalu i loko o ka Soviet Union. A he mau no hoi awelika, T-34, i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei, a ua kūkulu loa kaila mea. A me ka malamalama, ka mea, hua mai la i kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi helu o ke kope. A ma na mea kaua, a me nā mea kaua maluhia, a me ka hana kiko'ī (ʻano nui, ma ke ala, kakolina diesel, B-2, i ole i kekahi hiki ole i kekahi mea'ē aʻe i loko o ke ao nei, e 'oe ma ke kaua) ka mea, no ka oiʻano hana Wehrmacht. Soviet KV me ka hapalua like-1941 'Aʻole i loaʻa analogues.

mea i manao ai

I ka manawa o na prototypes mua o ka hiki Soviet pahu nā hale hana ae i pili i ka loa holomua loea. About kekahi o riveted ami, aʻo ka mea i ole, ua i ka hihia ma ka kuʻihao. ʻO ia pili i ka Tora, a ua hoi hou ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i tselnolitevoy hana. Ka mānoanoa o ka kapa kila papa ua 75 mm o. Hoʻololi 'manao uea' ae i ka hou hoonui hoomalu ana i ka 105 mm o ma ka a hāpai nā hoʻopaʻa i broneekranov, akā, i ka 1941, aohe mea o ka Kelemānia-papa pū, a me ka mea ia hiki ole ai ke pa i ka pahu KV-1.

Ke mau noaia ua he Classic o Soviet kapa kila kaa o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke kanakolu (ma hope hookama me ke kumu hoʻohālikeʻia e nā kānakaʻenehana a pau ma luna o ka honua): ka hope EYI, Ma waho aʻeo ka ka propeller kumu, i haliu mai i ka buke, ikaika kakolina diesel a me ka pū caliber 76 mm o (L-11, F-32, a me ka hope ZIS -5).

kaʻa

Pake V-2k i ka naʻau o kēia mīkini, kona naʻe ia 500 Hp ma ka engine ka mämä holo o ka 1800 rpm / s. Nunui-pā kū'ē EYI i manao flaws, ka mea, ua pinepine Hoole, no ka mea, i ole ke hoʻololi i ka poe a pau e pono e hoʻololi i ka mämä holo o ka mīkini kaumaha like KV (kona kaumaha loa 47 tons), ka oi aku i loko o ka mau kona kapa mua (he 5).

Ke kumu o ke kaʻa i malamaʻi, e like me ka kanaka torsion wehe o kŘpa a uuku alanui huila, (heʻeono ma kēlāʻaoʻao). Sagging enuhe eliminated nā kākoʻo rollers, rollers, ekolu no kela a me keia. A hiki i 1942, ua uhiia lakou me ka laholio e emi i ka leo, akā, ma muli o ka shortage o ka mea mai keia "hana maʻamau" i ia e haalele. Enuhe ua i ka laula, (700 mm) e emi i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'haawe ana ma ka honua.

weaponry

Experience o ka hana aku i kekahi,ʻAʻole eʻole enemi, makaukau e pii ku e aku i ka pahu me ka omole o Molotov cocktails, i ka mea hou koi - ka hiki e hana i kekahi barrage o ke ahi pale. E hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia, no ka mīkini ua lako pono me ekolu mīkini-pu, kekahi o i i hoounaia mai hoʻi e hoʻopale ai i ka engine pahu. Kekahi mīkini pu Tora ua, uhi iholaʻo ia ia mai ka lewa hoouka. Free lilo o ka makahiki piha ergonomically ammunition, ia mea lawa paha kana e hoʻomaka i ka lōʻihi grueling kaua (135 puni a me 2770 puni). Mea pololei i nā'ōnohi lako a oia hoi ka mea makau (TOD-6 telescope, periscope PT-6). Ka luna i hoomakaukau i ka manawa kūpono e nānā i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo maikaʻi. Ma ka pahu i loko o ka hakakā haʻalele 'ana he elima kanaka, ka mea hiki ke kamaʻilio ma ka intercom, mawaho kamailio ua hoomakaukau ai i ka lawe Radio 71-TK-3 a IOP.

ʻaneʻane 48-tona nui mea hiki ke kau i ka mämä holo o ka 34 km / h, a ua he hana ola o 250 ei. O ia ka leo o ka hailona.

I ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua nui

He mea maopopo loa e hoomaka ana ma ke kaua like noho lakou malaila rula no ka USSR. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka hopena o ka Nazis ia likeʻole manao kumu, ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua'āina illogical. Inā i ka lehulehu o ka puali o Kelemānia mämä i ike, no ka mea, ua i malu a me ka unwillingness o ka Wehrmacht no koa 'ana no ka Soviet Union, ua i ka nele o ka mehana ke kapa a me ke anu-hoʻopale wahie. Aka hoi, Hitler i ka mea, e hoouka aku i ko kakou mau mokuna, a ua lukuia ka nui helu o Soviet koa stockpiles a hoopio iho la ia aggressor. KV, kena ae la o kona kulana he kŰia, e like me ia ma ka German kauoha, a me nā koa, ma ka hikina mai Front. Ke loa alo o kaʻenemi, e like me ka ano e oia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka holomua mua hohonu i loko o ka Soviet Union, alakai aku i kekahi vague pono o ko lākou mauʻanoʻenehana backwardness. Me ka naau, kēia kanaka Kelemānia noʻonoʻo pio lākou nunui propelled howitzer KV-2, a ua loaʻa mai i ka pili wahi o ka KV-1ʻuʻumi i oi koa, me ka hoʻokikina battalion. Kekahi pukana ua i ka nawaliwali laulā o kēia mau i na kupu nui ma kūlana pale kaua. Inā i ke kūpono 'mea pono ia "uahi" ka enemi mai o ka auwaha, a laila, lele akula i ke ala o ka lele - keia mea pono mea e pono ai. Kinai Ahi kau mai maluna o ke poo e noho ana ma ka hale kamala koa, mai ka lani, aʻaʻohe wahi e hūnā. Akā, ma ka noʻonoʻo ho'āhewa wale Pono ala flatness e mow i ka hoʻokikina ke kaula gula a me ka hahau 'ana i kūpono. Ua ho'āʻo ihola nö ia e like me na ia maʻiʻaʻai, a me ka heaviest poʻina nalu. Ka Soviet Union, aole i hoomakaukauia no ka hoomalu ana.

Wehrmacht koa akamai, o ka papa, i hoomaopopo mea i ke ano o pio lako a pan. Kona like, ma ka hou ana i ka kaʻike o ka mana o ka Soviet pale hana, i mea e hiki ai i ka hana a me nā haʻina. He hoopaa i ka manao o Stalin, e hoouka aku Germany a me KV. Photo o ka poino mau mea i kahikoiaʻi hoʻopuni mea kaua hoʻohana a Goebbels 'propaganda i maopopo oʻano pākīkē manao o ka Bolsheviks. Kekahi pio Wehrmacht hoʻohana i ka mīkini no kā lākou mau pono.

Me ia maʻiʻaʻai a me nā Eia kekahi laʻana kūpono 'oe koke wehe' ia mai? Iecaianoaaiiuo like hoʻokali kūpono 'ana ma keia kulana. ʻO ia hopena, a kapa kila 152mm howitzer. Ua mea ia ia ka hopena pōʻino a pau "Klim Voroshilov". Akā, mōʻaukala hoʻoholo ole. I loko nō o ka mea i ka hopena ua KV poʻina nalu i aneane a pau i emi iki mahope i ka T-34, kā lākou? Iecaianoaaiiie hoomau a hiki i ka hoʻopilikia Leningrad. No ka ahuwale kumu, e lawe mai i ka ka kūkuluʻana kaʻina kalapona ua hiki ole iʻaneʻi, a ua koi kapa kila alo, no laila, ua machines hookuu ole wale huli, a hiki i kukulu i ka ai pili aku i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a Izhora mea kanu. Like me ua hana mākou, a "Tankograd" ke kulanakauhale o Chelyabinsk. Pilikia me ka engine B-2: ke kumu nui? Iecaianoaaiiuo nā pihana'ū mua o ka kaua, ua ma Kharkov, a me ka mea i noho ma ka Nazis. Mai o keia pilikia e hoonoho iho i ke kakolina engine M-17, a, o ka papa, hoemiia ka hakakā uea 'o ka' ike loea.

"C" 'o ia hoʻi "e hookeai ai,"

I loko nō o ka mea i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia 'ano o ke kaua pūʻia haawi i haʻahaʻa-holo mau mea i kahikoiaʻi, mōʻaukala pahu KV-1 i ole i pau ai. I ka nui o na hewa o keia kaʻa, a ua loaa maopopo pono, e like me ka pono a me ka 'ohana ka palekana kiʻekiʻe permeability. Low māmā ano o ka hoʻopuni? Ieaoa, i ka ho'āʻo e ke hakuloli i na ano o ka "Klimov" a hiki i kaʻiʻo nō o kēiaʻoihana kaʻa kahua kaua. Uaʻikeʻia KV-1c, a nuipa a ua hoʻemi i 42,5 m. Ua hiki ia he "he lauwili anei" kapa kila thinning, enuhe a me ka hōʻemiʻana kapu i ka ammunition lele 94 (hope 114). A lawe i loko no nā kuleana o nā koa, a hiki i ka gearbox, ka mea i UAIAaIN ~ e ka nui, hemolele loa. Medium pahu nō pomaikai ole oe, T34 kaupaona iki aku ma mua o 30 tona, a ma ka ia mana mea kanu ua nui aku maneuverable. A hou i ka inoa o ka palapala "C" 'o ia hoʻi "e hoʻokēʻai ai".

'ē aʻe ka hoʻololi' ana

Ma 'Aukake 1942, hiki aku la lakou i ka hou hāpana o ka mea e kahiko ai kaa, KV-85. Ua ua i ka walaau ole hooponopono hou ana o ka mea hookahi KV-1c, i ka likeʻole i loko o ka caliber Tora pu (ma ka pu DT-5, ia mea hoike i ko lakou mau inoa, ka mea, ua 85 mm), hoemi i ka helu o ka luina i eha kanaka (hoao hoʻokali kūpono 'gunner),ʻoki ammunition oiai ka malama ana i ka ia kaʻa. Ka hale kiai i lawe mai ma ka hoolei ana.

Aia he mau ho'āʻo'ē aʻe e hoʻohana i ka holomuaʻaoʻao sq. Ma ke kumu o ko lākou pakiko-propelled pū i kūkulu, hana crawler "mea e kahiko ai", mākaukau me elua a oi na pu o kekahi mau calibers (CV-7), 122-mm o howitzers U-11. Ma hope o ka lanakila ma Moscow, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka kūpono 'mea inevitable, a hookahi manawa hou i Eia kekahi laʻana o ka i nā mea kaua. KV-8 ua externally mea i like loa me ka prototype, a hiki i simulated konaʻano aie i ka mea kūikawā nā mea hoʻonani depicting ka mea kaua pahu, akā, ka mea, ua he flamethrower. Pu ma ka halekiai i loaʻa uku i loko o ia mau lā "EP,".

A he mau no hoi na ia a pau o ke kākoʻo lako a nānā 'ana i kaʻa HF: loaa, mai ke kaua poino kaa a me nā kaʻa kauō.

HF a "Kika"

KV pahu hoʻopaʻi i Hawaiʻi nei,ʻaʻole loa holomua. Ma ka hapa mua o ke kaua,ʻo ia ua he uuku ma ka koi, pono ai i ka loa ai okoaʻano hana, a ma ka manawa o ka hoʻololi o Soviet poʻe hao wale i loko o ka kuleana kūpono 'OOAOAaXUEIE. Aia i hou kaumaha UA poʻina nalu, ke ano o ka a i correlated me na ano o HF, like Iosifa Stalina kālai'āina ke kaupaonaʻana ua oi i ke kanawai o ka Kalaiaina Buro o ka "muaʻulaʻula luna".

Ma ka huli o ka 1942 a me ka 1943 ka, ka ke Kelemānia a ikea mai la "Kika". Kēia mīkini ua like lohi, a kaumaha, kona kaʻa mea i emi ike loea ma mua ia o ka HF, akā, i ka 88-mm o pū haawi aku la ia ia i ka manawa e ku loa kapa kila pale ma kahi loihi aku, i ole ae e hoʻi ke ahi. Ma Pepeluali 1943, no ka lā hoʻokahi ma Leningrad pepehi 10 HF-1, i ka pana, mai kahi loihi aku a me ekolu "Kika". Mai 1943, kā lākou? Iecaianoaaiiie i curtailed.

Kona na makana i ka A ia la aku KV poʻina nalu nō i, a me ka ike maopopo ana i keia mea no ka nui kia hoʻomanaʻo i kukulu ia i loko o ka hanohano o ko mākou tankers i loko o na kulanakauhale he nui ma a kahili i ka ahi mau lala kēia ho'āla kaua. Ho omaopopo koke formidable mīkini, a no ka heroism o hana i loko o ka hope, Cova pahi kaua Winners a me ka hoʻolaʻa kokoke mākou huali Holiday.