Mea huna o ka Kremlin paa mai. History, i ka makaikai, kiʻi a me ka hōʻike manaʻo

Kremlin o na halepaahao, kupaianaha paʻakikī,ʻaʻole no ka nui wale nō, akā, i keʻano o ka waiho waho mea ka mea, ua lilo i ka hoʻoilina o nā luna hope o ka Rurik i nohoaliʻi ai: Ivan III, kana keiki, Vasily III, a me ka hope, i ka mua Russian Tsar Ivan i ka weliweli. Ka mea, i ka hooponopono ia, a me ke alii o ka waihona kālā, a me ka lepo Magazine, a me gloomy o na halepaahao, mea i emi iki mahope o ia i hana i loko o ka halelewa, o medieval Eulopa.

Mea pohihihi hūnāʻia i loko o ka halepaahao

Over ka hope ekolu kenekulia i Ua ho'āʻo lehulehu e komo iloko o ka mea pohihihi luapaahao, e moe ana i loko o ka naʻau o ke kulanakauhale alii. Ke kumu pinepine i mālama,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka lanakila, he hoʻokahi wale nō mercantile hoihoi akā. Tradition mai nei i ka Kremlin luawaiʻili i loko o kā lākou mau keena pee'ānoninoni i piha ke gula nova ma ka Waihona, a mea he pilikino Moʻolako o kona poe alii.

Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka "waiwai ino" mau o Laielohelohe i kona noiʻi lola honua labyrinths, he mea pono i ka manaʻo i loko o ia ua hūnāʻia, a no ka makahiki e kali ana i kā lākou mau mea nona ka nui mōʻaukala a me ka uhane waiwai o na manawa kahiko - ka hale waihona Ivana Groznogo. Inā loaʻa kekahi mau tausani o ka waiwai pepa la a me tomes iho no a hiki i ka moana i Emperor o Byzantium, a ma ka XI kenekulia, nui Kiev luna Yaroslav ka Wise. Ua manao ia Ivan Grozny ma mua o kona make ana a ua kauoha nō i hūnā i nā 'i ka waihona mea laʻa i loko o ka hohonu o ka halepaahao.

Sexton-caver

Ka muaʻike i kēia lā, ua ho'āʻo lāua e hoʻokiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ka paku o ka mea ike ole i ee aku i ka 1718 ponomarom Presnenskaya Church o Ioanna Predtechi Kononom Osipovym. Ke impetus no ia i ka mea mua āna i lohe ai i ka moʻolelo kakauolelo breech mea Vasiliya Makareva i lawelawe i ke kauoha Sophia, hele aku la ia ma mua o ka Kremlin luawai kokoke Tainitski hale kiaʻi, aʻike ihola i laila i ka nui wa piha me ka nui ilpko o blackened ma ka manawa. Kakauolelo iā ia iho i mua make.

Ma ka hapanui o Tainitski hale kiai e hoʻokele Osipov, e imi i ka puka a hiki i ke gale, littered i ka honua. Hoʻoneʻe mea hiki wale nō i hōʻike mua eli ana i hele. Akā, i ka wā i i hoolaa ia e kōkua koa komo iloko o kekahi mau mika, like me ka lākou o ka gale hoki, hoʻoweliweli, e haule i kekahi manawa. 'Aʻole i makemake e aa aku i kekahi o kona olaʻana a me nā ola o nā koa, sexton ia i kona manao.

mahope ho'āʻo

Hoʻomau hou i ka huakaʻi a pau i loko o makahiki eono, akā,ʻaʻole e like me ka makemake, a ma luna o nā kauoha o Peter I. Ka Tsar, e like me ka makou i ike, i ole makemake i ka'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka, a ma ka hoole pōʻino sexton ko lakou mau ola ke lilo aku, e hele ilalo i na halepaahao o ka Kremlin. Kēia manawaʻo ia ia i ka poe koa i ua anao? Aou e kōkua, a ua maopopo kona hewa: make ma lalo o ka rubble, a me ia mea maikai. Eia naʻe, e ho'āʻo hou i loko o Tainitski hale kiai, oia no i ole kekahi.

I keia manawa, hoomaka Osipov me Arsenal kihi o ka hale kiai, a me ka koke ua hiki ke loaʻa mai kahi o ka puka e komo ai i ka lua. Akā, e neʻe ma luna o ka mea, he mea hiki ole no ka mea, o ka luawai wai, i aku la ia i loa waikahe. Au i e hoʻi nele-haawiia hou. Hope hoao sexton ia ma hope o kekahi makahiki he umi. He ho'āʻo e 'oe i ke ala ia i ka manawa o ka waihona kālā kakauolelo Makarieva, akā,' aneʻi ka Moscow Kremlin o na halepaahao, he impregnable.

Ea Prince Shcherbakov

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana, hoʻokahi haneri a me kanaono makahiki i loko o ka luawai huakaʻi i apo akuk ai. Ma kekahi hihia, aole mea i 'ike e pili ana ia lakou. Ua haʻi i ka moʻolelo ma luna o ka hana mau a hiki i ka hopena o ka XIX kenekulia, i ka wa a ka mea pohihihi i hunaia ma lalo o nā paia o ka Kremlin, lilo hoihoi i loko o Prince Nikolai Shcherbakov - nä känaka 'epekema, ka poe i malama ia laila, i ka oihana o ka luna no ka kūikawā paha.

Ma ke kumu o ka hale kiai ka mea, ua loaʻa Nabatnaya hoailonaia he puka e komo ai i ke gale alakai e kokoke Constantino-Eleninskaya hale kiaʻi. Alaila hookolokolo aku la ka masonry, i ka luna ua i loko o ka paia o lola honua? Ainii? A neʻe ma ka mea, loaʻa ka lumi, a maluna olaila ōlaʻi i o ka hoʻolei pōkā. A laila, loaʻa ka malu arsenal o Duke i kekahi e hooholo ia e alakai mai i ka ia tocsin hale kiai, akā, ma ka 'ē aʻe lima.

Nā discoveries i e Prince

Na ka luna ho'āʻo e makaikai, a ke kihi Arsenal Tower, kahi āna i ole e sexton Osipov, akā, e like me ia i hehi hoʻi,ʻaʻole wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa e mai i pono ai ko lakou mau ola dilapidated hoaka, makaukau e haule i kekahi manawa. I ka wā e hiki mai, ua ma lalo o Borovitskaya hale kiai aku la ia ua hiki ke eli i kekahi Capella, he lola honua e hooholo ia e alakai ana i ka Kremlin imperial wahi, a me ka helu o nā iauaeoia i ua pakaua o lakou mau hana.

Me kāpili i ka manawa o ke kiʻi nō ka hopuʻia ka mō'ī i nā mea a pau a lākou i aʻo vault ma lalo o ka Kremlin. Photos hūnā laila, i loko o kona kino ohi a ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana.

Pilikia dictated ma ke ola

Ma hope o ka Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana i ka hou ona, mua o nā mea a pau, e mālama ana i ka Loaʻaʻia poe enemi a pau i hiki ke hoʻohana i ka Kremlin lua no ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana. No keia mea, e like me kā lākou mau kauoha ka mea i hopu, a apparently luku iho la ia a pau i Prince Shcherbakov kiʻi a me nā mea kuka, a me ka hapanui o ka lola honua ala a me nā lumi nā pōhaku lepo mai.

Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1933, ma ka Halepaikau a pau o ka ulia haule iho ma ka honua Red Army koa pa alima. Kēia i hōʻike i ka lola honua ma lalo o ka Kremlin koi i ka piha ao, akā, i ole ia ka mea hiki e fraught me ka pilikia o ka'opi.

Ma ke ala, keia hihia ua i ka mua. Back ma 1882 ma ka wahi ma waena o ka Tsar o kēlā kaua, a me ka pa o ka Chudov hoailona lepo koke e hina, ahuwale mamua aku ike ole lola honua wahi kaawale no koe. Ma September 1933 ka mea, i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka oeaa ia mai ka noiʻi hana ana, a me ka mea e pono ai kāohi ana. Kuhikuhi mai ia lakou i haawiia i ka luawai-ike archaeologist Ignatius Stelletsky.

Ka hopena o ka noiʻi

kekahi mau laina o ka lola honuaʻaha hui uila i ua loaa, a? anoee, kekahi o i i ka OAAIeOO 'ana i ka Alexander Garden. Eia naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhi pono no kaʻepekema ka pahu kämaʻa o ka puka e komo ai a hiki i ka luawai Arsenal kihi hale kiaʻi. E like me ka mea huli mai i loko o ka papa o ka hana, ke alahula i kona wai puna i, ua puni iho la ma ke akea, a hohonu loa, i hoʻolako pono me ka spillway. Ua i kona puka liiiU, a kena ae la i ka hoʻohālana o ka luawai, a me ka mahope caiieiaiey o na pa holoʻokoʻa.

I ia manawa, i ole, ua lawe mai hana i ka hopena, ka mea e hoʻokele e hoʻopau wale i ka 1975. EII ni mai ka wai a me ka e ho'āpono wale i ke ala a hiki i ka lalo o ka luawai, kńnaka ua wehe ae ia i mau koa mahiole apana nahaha kila a me kekahi mau pohaku cannonballs. Pau kēia mau loaa i ua hana ia, mai ka XIV kenekulia.

hele mai-wale

Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā kānakaʻepekema, ka poe i aʻo i ka Kremlin luapaahao, haule iho la mai na discoveries. Aia he unexpected nā haʻina. No ka laʻana, i ka 1930 i ka hanaʻeliʻana hana ma ka Red Square, ka poe hana i ka lola honua e hooholo ia ma ka hohonu o ka elima mika ma ka hohonu, kahi a lakou i wehe i ka mau kino iwi,ʻaʻahuʻia i loko o kapa kila. Ka mea, e noho mau loa i ka mea pohihihi o nā kumu i alakai mau koa, e hoopau i ko lākou ola i loko o ka pouli o ka lua.

Ike i ka hihia i ka wa a ka liʻiliʻi mau māwae, iʻikeʻia ma ka makahiki 1960 ma ka paia o ka Ilina o, alakai aku i ka ao o ka lepo ma luna i ka mea i kūkulu. E like me ka hopena, ma ka hohonu o ka umikumamalima mika ka mea, uaʻike lola honua tunnel mea ai nui, i ka mea hiki ke neʻe i loko o ka piha-loa makua.

Make hūnāʻia i loko o ka halepaahao

ʻaneʻane hoʻokahi haneri makahiki mua aku (i ka 1840), oiai ka eli ana i ke kahua lua no ka hookumu ana i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka Annunciation hoailona e uhau ana i ka loa ominous mea i hoʻoholo ': ipu lepo pa koke e hina ma ke alo o ia, a wehe ae lola honua e hooholo ia ua piha oia me ka wahie o kanaka i koe. About ka mea i ka pōʻino i loaʻa i ke ola o kēia kanaka, ua e loa ike.

Akā, he mea ka hale luapaahao, he weliweli naue like i lilo i kekahi hapa o ka mōʻaukala. O nä waihona palapala i ke kihi Beklemishev hale kiai e nana ana i ka Vasilyevsky hene, i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua a pau i ka hoʻomāinoino 'keena, ma a ma luna o nā kenekulia i loaʻa e make ai ka poʻe ma luna o ka mea a hina iho la ka inaina o ka Emperor. Eia, ma na kauoha o Ivan III lilo no ka wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa olelo'ōlelo Boyar IN Bersenev-Beklemishevʻaneʻi ma hope o lōʻihi ekaeka make hoopiiia mai Ivanom Groznym, Prince AF kipi Khovanskiy.

Legends o ka underworld

Kremlin luapaahao, kiʻi o i i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, ke manao nei ka hailona o nā wahi pili i ke koko a me ka kaumaha nui. Ua mea i kekahi mea kupanaha e ka mea, i pili i ka mea hiki ole ke kaʻao o ka revenant, e auwana ana ma ka lola honua? Ainii? A me kekahi manawa hooweliweli aku ana malaila.

Loa pinepine ka mea, e hōʻike 'ia i ka uhane o Ivana Groznogo, nele o ko lākou mau misdeeds, a ua make ka malu mau loa i ka pau ole hele. About ka hālāwai me ia, ua ola, i loko o May 1896 ma Rotehama II o ia iho, i loko o ka Moscow Kremlin ma ka mea o ka mea poni. He a me kana wahine Alexandra Feodorovna i loko o ia mau lā i hooluuia i ke koko o ka uhane o ka hoʻomäinoino ke aliʻi, a hāʻawi akula i ka manawa maopopo i na mea he nui ma hope ike i loko o keia ka nānā i nā'ōuli o ka wā e hiki mai'opi trohsotletneyʻana.

I ka uhane o ka hoʻopunipuni

Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō o ka naʻau o ke aliʻi weliweli aʻe ka Kremlin po koena. Once ma May 1606 ka huhu Mob malaila i weluwelu ia ma ka hoʻopunipuni, hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka wahaheʻe Dmitry I, hoomaka ae la kona uhane, e hōʻike mai ka manawa i ka manawa ma waena o nā niho o nā pā pōhaku kahiko. Ua akamai loa, i ike i ka hope o ka manawa o kona helehelena August po i ka makahiki 1991 e like ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka luawai-ikeia hanana.

A pau, frosty po

Mysticism a me ka Kremlin, ua lōʻihi paa mai merged. Hoike i ka moʻolelo i lohe nuiʻia hoʻokahi kanahā makahiki aku nei. I ka po, hoala mai i ka pū waikaua no ka opiopio kiai i ua ma ka hana i loko o ka hale kahiko i loko o ka makua'lii ka Palace, kahi i loko o nā lā kahiko i hoonoho i lalo ka mea inoa haumia Commissar o Kūloko Affairs NI Yezhov.

Au i hiki ai i kekahi mau minuke ma hope o ka hui loaa kona colleague e noho ana ma luna o ke keʻehana kokoke i ka puka e komo ai i ka moku'āina o ka hohonu kŰia. Kona lauoho ua loa poʻo, a me kona mau maka, ua hoololi nei, ua nui i ka apuepue ke ikeia nīnau hiʻona.

E hele mai ana mai kekahi honua

Wale i kekahi mau lā i loko o kaʻoihana o ka oihana haukapila mālama koa ua hiki ke haawi mua hoike. E like me ka mea la ia mea ia ia, e pili ana i ke aumoe, ike maopopo lohe i ke kaniʻana o nā kapuwaʻi, e hele mai ia i ka anuu. Ma hope o ia, i ka lalo, kani ana ka ki i ka laka 'ia nei, a hōʻailona i ka puka mawaho loa. I kanalua i ka mea, ua akeakea kuleana komo i ka hoomaluia mea ia ia, i ke kiai ikaika loa o Paulo i ka pihi ka pū waikaua, a me ia iho, ma ka hele nei holoku wale i kona holster, holo ma hope o ka lawehala.

O Kepakailiula i ma luna o ke alanui, ike aku la oia i kekahi mauʻeono aku a emi ana haʻahaʻa huahelu i loko o ka lōʻihi overcoat. Ma kona hooho ana i ike ole ia i papani ai hoi, a huli. Ma ka mahina, ma ke alo o ia e kū ana i ka ninau i na kahiko kiʻi koko Commissar o ka NKVD.

Oia kekahi ma ko ano e Yezhov ui, a me ka ikaika o nä olonä hora, mai paha, Ina he hiki i ola makou mahope o. Akā, i ka wā i lilo ai, lohi mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka lewa e kau mai ai i ka honua, na ko mākou hopohopo hawewe i ae aku Man. Ekolu mahina ma hope, ia summarily.

Hele i loko o ke ao nei o ka mea ike ole

Mea huna o ka Moscow Kremlin, o ka lua, a me nā mea a pau o nā alanui a puni ka mea, o Laielohelohe i waleʻepekema, akā, i ka poʻe o ko mākou mōʻaukala ke alanui. A ma laila nō he wahi lihi iki o ke kanaka i loko o ke aupuni. Eia hou, he mea pono ipo o thrills a me ka liki ole adrenaline i loko o ke koko. Ko lākou manaʻo podhlostyvayut moʻolelo i ua hūnāʻia i loko o ka luawai o ka Kremlin, e pili ana i ka hoʻokalakupua koa e malama i ka waiwai. Ka mea, mau i makau i kekahi luhi, i kekahi waiwai i hoopiia.

No ka ia i kēia mau lā haawiia mai i ka manawa e kino kipa i ka Kremlin paa mai. Ka huakaʻi hiki ke hopu aku i kekahi o ka hele keʻena ma lalo nei i specialize i loko o kēia wahi. Mālama '-lako pono pūʻulu i alai ae ma ka' oihana kuʻi a me ka spelestologami - akamai i loko o ke kula o ka lola honuaʻaha hui uila a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ana.

E hauʻoli nei a me ka weliweli ua hoano e ia ma ka halepaahao

Ma ka punaewele e pili ana i nā keʻena e hiki ke loaʻa i ka mooolelo o ka poe i kipa i ka Kremlin paa mai. Reviews e hookuu i ka loa hoihoi. I loko nō o ka mea i kēlā me kēia 'oihana i loko o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao hooponopono, hele a me kekahi, e hoʻouna i mea, i mau, iauaeoia oo? Ecia hana i poinaʻole ka ho'āʻoʻana, a laila, i ka i koe lōʻihi ma ka hoomanao ana.

Ka mea wale nō i nui ka poe i uku noonoo - ia ke kumu no luhi physical hana hou pili i ka hele ana ma ka lola honua maze. Akā, ke makemake loko mai ka hui 'ana me ka pohihihi ao nei, i ke kumukuai o ia.