Poe akeakamai a me ka mea kākau Dokinz Richard: Kawaihae a me na hana

Ma ka mea ulana pukapuka aouli hoʻohana a meme "Pelekāneʻepekema". Ma ko lakou aoao, i paʻi 'ikepili helu ma ka helu o ka Pākē ka poe i ike pehea e kiʻi ai i ka' ōlelo o ka ihu, a me ka hopena o nā haʻawina o Saturn ka ole ma pilikia makapō acuity o'Aukekulelia cockatoo. inoa o ka mea kākau o ka makahiki "a meme" - Dawkins. Richard - hookiekieia Pelekāne evolutionary biologist, poe akeakamai, kākau moʻolelo, he popularizer kaulana o ka 'epekema a me ka hoomana. Ua lilo i ka like 'ano o ka kālaiʻike kaiāulu pono ninau.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

He Ua hanau March 26, 1941 ma Nairobi, Kenya, a kupu ae la ia ma Nyasaland - Pelekāne waiwai ma South Africa. He ke hoole i ka mea mua a me ka zoology botany, oia ua hoihoi i ka mea oi ma mua o nā sciences. Loira biologist ua i kona makua kāne - he koloniala kūhelu Klinton Dzhon Dawkins. Richard a me kona kaikaina ua oi hoihoi ma ka kilohōkū, a mau kanaka 'ia noonoo o kanaka. Inquisitive keiki luku aku la ma ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a no ka ai lōʻihi wehewehe o kona alo Mea nana manao hoʻomākaukau iā ia, no ka mea, Dawkinsʻohana mea typical oʻEnelani.

Education Dawkins i, e kiʻi iā 'Enelani, kahi e neʻe i ka 1949. Ma ka hoike ana o kona makua kāne,ʻo ia i loko o ka liluwelo papa o ke kula haʻahaʻa, a me ka manaʻo ua Oxford. Kēia mea kahi ia maoli lilo hoihoi i loko o ka 'epekema o ke ano. Kona kumu i ka hale hoʻokamakama biologist, a Nobel makana e uwa Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988). Lalo o ke alakaʻi, he puka ka haumāna Richard Dawkins, lilo ae hana i loko o ka 'epekema o ka holoholona hana - ethology, a i loaʻa kupaianaha i ka pomaikai. I mau mea i kekahi o ka mea mua, e hoʻohana i ke kamepiula, a hiki E ke Kumu no keia iaaiey mākau.

hoʻomana nahā i

A piha pōkole i ka kumumanaʻo o ka evolution ua lilo nui i milestone i loko o ke ola ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema. loaʻa i loko o ka mea oia i ka pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i na kumu o ka puni 'ano' ano, kumu o ko ke ao nei mai o na holoholona a me nā kānaka, a me kona mau pili pilina. E like me ka mea i palapala hope Richard Dokinz, Darwin ka puke nui hahau mai ia ia e like me ka nui no ka completeness a me ka hana mau, ma mua o ka poe i mohai aku ma ke kākoʻo o nā kilokilo malama ana.

Hiki i keia manawa, i manaʻo i ka mea waiwai i kona waiwai i ka Edition mua o "ke kumu o ka laha 'ana o ia hoʻi, no Natural Anahonua," Charles Darwin me ka mea kākau i ka palapalaia maluna penei. Ke reformer nui i loko o ka sciences maoli, oia E hoomanao i kekahi o kona olaʻana a me ka akeakamai meʻe, a kaua aku i mau hoa paio o ke kumumanaʻo o ka evolution ua i ka pahu hopuʻano nui o ko lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Richard Dawkins, kona puke hoʻonāukiuki akula ka ikaika naoh mai na creationists, mai kona wa opiopio lilo i hoomaopopoia atheist a me ka campaigner i ka hoomana ana, e i loko o kēia lehulehu.

leo hoʻomaka

Ka puke mua, a koke lawe i nā aʻo i waena o 'Oihana a me ka lehulehu i paʻiʻia ma ka 1976. "Ka p','ōewe". Richard Dawkins kukalaia i loko o kēia ao i ka viability o nā manaʻo o ka evolution Darwin ka. Ua complements a me ka hoʻomōhala ana i kā lākou e piʻi like ana o ka loa holomua mau o ka kālaimeaola - aaiaoe? A me ka ethology. Name, a mea he iki provocative, ka mea kākau a me ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ke kūlana o ka'ōewe mea like me ka papa kuhikuhi mea o ka evolution,ʻaʻole kanaka a holoʻokoʻa populations. Radically hou hihiʻo ua i ka meaola mea wale nō i kaa no nā'ōewe imi ana e malama i ia lakou iho i loko o ka hanauna hou.

He lawe evolutionary kumumanaʻo hou, ma o aku o aaiaoe?. Eia ka manaʻo o ke 'ano''ōewe like paha o ka la a meme. Ka puke "Ka p','ōewe" Richard Dokinz ua o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o kānakaʻepekema i ka pilikia o ka moʻomeheu evolution i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka wildlife. Eia ke ano o ka hou 'epekema - memetics - ia i manaoia ai e noonoo i ka waeʻano o ole-upena zoology paha botany. Ua hiki e manaʻo, 'ike loea hou, hou LIKE me ka ano a me ka moʻomeheu. Ke hanaʻia i loko o ka buke, i nā manaʻo, akä, no ka mele i hele ia, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku i kekahi? Ueo o songbirds.

Ka hooulu ana o ka manaʻo ma ka hou o ka puke

Manawa i hoopaa i ka nui o ka puke mua o Dawkins. Nā manaʻo hōʻike maikaʻi Ana Aina, akaka, a nana aku la nui, nae ka mea, kena ae la awaawa hoopaapaa, i kekahi manawa kālai'āina. Dawkins hoohuliiaʻi i ka apologist selfishness e hoole ana i ka waiwai o kekahi pōʻai i ka hoʻolālā. He ho'āʻo e wehewehe ana i kona wahi i loko o nui au mamuli o kana hana "Ka hoopomaikai io Phenotype" (1982), hanau mai la ia i ka nui 'epekema.

Ke kumu o manaʻo ua: kekahi 'ano o ka hoʻokaʻawale? Ueo a me ka hoʻokuleana i evolutionary loli i ole akaka palena, coinciding me ka mea mawaho iwi meaola. Ua pili i ka mea a pau i ka mea i pili i ke ola. No laila, e hiki ia beavers lākou mau makua, me ka hoohuoi ana he wahi o kekahi mau aa ma ka wahi, a me ka wa kaa, ke kanaka-i, hiki i kela kapa o na palena o ko mākou Wiliau Hōkū.

Ke paio no ke ku okoa ana o ka 'epekema

Back ma na sixties Dawkins hoike lehulehu haʻawina, e komo i loko o Anati-kaua hana. Ma ka eighties,ʻo ia manaʻo i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ko lakou ku okoa like evolutionary ka noiʻi a me ke kaupalenaʻana komo i ka hou hanauna o ka holumua' epekema ike. Ua loaa Creationists moku'āina kākoʻo, a me ke ao ana o Darwin ka kumumanaʻo ua hālāwai nā pilikia nui i loko o ka "naauao"'āina loa. "Darwin ka Rottweiler" - he inoa kapakapa loaa no kona ha awina Richard Dawkins. "Ka Wa Watchmaker" - ka ai-kapaia puke a me kona TV kēia, nolaila ia i kuu i ka 1987. Ka mea, kāheaʻia i ka heluia, o ka nä känaka 'epekema a hiki i ke kākoʻo o ka naauao Design.

Kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka evolution e olelo aku i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke ano ua wehewehe wale ma ka Mea nana i hana ka hana, a me ke kumu o ke kanaka ma ka mea ana i gradual hou 'o primitive meaola mea like ole me ka muli o ka luna'ʻano papa hana me deliberate manao. Dawkins ua mau ua kūkākūkāʻia ia wale maoli koho ke alakai i ka muli o ka luna 'meaola me ka hanana waiwai.

Richard Dawkins 'Ka Wa Watchmaker, "a ke Akua i wae e hoʻolilo' ia 'lehulehu a me ka waiwai pio:, ua i ka ike alakaʻi o militant atheism. I kekahi puke, hoolilo ana i na kumuhana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka hoʻomana a me ka hui, lilo iho la ia i ka loa kuai, a i overt inaina o ia ia ma na adherents o kekahi 'aoʻao hoʻomana a me denominations.

Ma ka pale, a ma ka buke

Dawkins loa koke lilo i recognizable Media ano maʻEnelani, Europe, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Kona erudition, ke akamai a me ka narrator polemicist i aku la ia ia i hookipaiaʻe e hookipa ana no a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana hoonaauao kīwī. A moʻo o ke kīwī haʻi'ōlelo no nā keiki a me nā pōkiʻi ma ka BBB-4 wahi, ma i i kākau i ka puke "piʻi akula nō hoʻi i ka TFX Fabulous" (1996), noho i pololei ia i keia la. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke kumu o ke ola, ka evolutionary kumumanaʻo Darwin ka kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kālā no 'epekema, insolvency "ke Akua kuhiakau" o.

i kona mau buke, i ka nui i ka hoopaapaa aku. Biologists mai kekahi mau aina 'aelike i loko o nā hana o ka' epekema, Ally me na sciences maoli, kekahi o ka loa influentialʻepekema o ko mākou manawa - Richard Dawkins. "Ke kupuna o ka helu ana" (2004), "ka mea nui loa Show ma ka Honua" (2009), "The Magic o Pahele" (2011) - wale i ka hope o ka hana manawa. Ka mea, evolution o wildlifeʻikea kupaianaha a me ka nani kaʻina mahalo a Dawkins hele me ka mea ia e kahaha akamai.

"I - i nä känaka 'epekema, i ka poe akeakamai"

Hana na mea a pau o loi, a nana no ka hoike ole e hilinai ana ma veru- kapa no Richard Dawkins. "Na ke Akua Delusion" (2006) - i kekahi puke i expresses kēia kāhea loa maopopo. Ua pihaʻi me na mea he nui nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e ku e creationists, e ku e io hoikeana o ka haipule fundamentalism:

• Hōʻoluʻolu kūlana o ka hoʻomana, kona hoʻonaʻauao cia ike a hiki ma kekahi atheists, a me ka underestimation o keia mea i hewa no ka Dawkins. A o ka mea, ua kūkākūkāʻia i kekahi ke e hauʻoli, emotionally a morallyʻokoʻa ma kanaka me ka hoolohe ana i ka mana kiekie ae.
• Evolutionary kumumanaʻo, a ma muli o ia i ke ao hou loa a me ka pololei wehewehe i ke ao nei. Ka mea, ae oe i ka aoao mahalo kona nani a me ka 'ano,ʻaʻole e hōʻike ma ka hookahi makemake, a ma ka papa o gradual hana hoihoi kaʻina.
• Oe hiki ole lena i ke ala o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hana ana o kanaka dogmas, n? I ke kumu o ka wahi o ka hānauʻana a me ke kaiapuni, kahi a lakou i hoalaia. Ka manaʻo o ke keiki-Muslim keiki paha he Kalawina hiki ole e absurd, me pono me ke keiki a me ka Marxist keiki-Nietzschean.
• Aʻo haipule - i ke kumu o ka intransigence a me ka aggression, pakahi aku la ia mea i keia la. Ma kahi o countering ia e kanu pū concessions a me concessions fundamentalists a me fanatics.

Makeʻe no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Honua

Books a me nā papa hana no nā keiki - nui i kekahi hapa o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. kaua e Richard Dawkins. "Na ke Akua Delusion" - o ka puke a me ka kīwī movie, loa demonstrative ma ke ano o ka mea e hopohopo neiʻepekema, ka hopena o ka wā e hiki mai ana o 'epekema a me ka Honua, e like me ka a pau. Ka moku'āina ma ka XXI kenekulia, ke akea kākoʻo i ka puka ana o na kula a me nā kulanui Karistiano a me Muslim, a ua weheʻia o ke aʻo papahana nā mea a pau pili i Darwin ka pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ke ola.

I ka nele o ka maʻa i ka manaʻo o ka 'elele, me ka ole o ke kolu o ka aoao, ka manaoio makapo i loko o ka oiaio, invented ma ka kekahi, a ia mea - i ka mea a nä känaka' epekema ike i ka pilikia no ka ulu kanaka. Independence a me ka noho kauwa ole ana, kū kaʻawale ma ka wehe hou kuahiwi, i ka hiki e mahalo i ke ano o ka Honua, e like me ka pohihihi keia pomaikai, i ka alualu o ka hauʻoli pokole o ke ola - ia mea nui e loaʻa i ke keiki, e lawe pū i loko o adulthood.

imi naʻauao waiwai

Kona inoa He He nīnūnē Honua, asteroid, helu 8331 i loko o ka hohonu makahiki a me ka genus o freshwater iʻa, mai ka pōhaku carp e noho ana ma South India a me Sri Lanka. He mea ka e uwa o na haneri o 'ihiʻihi waiwai pio: a me ka hoʻolilo' ia '. Influential ka lehulehu ākea - e nānā ana, Time, Na kela la i keia Telegraph e i kona inoa i loko o nā kahua o nā thinkers koʻikoʻi loa, o ko mākou manawa.

A kanaka nona e-mail Ua piha ka palapala me ka obscene hoinoia a me ka olelo hooweliweli o ka weliweli hoopai ma ka makana, a me ka afterlife - ia mea no hoi Richard Dawkins. "Hoomana ana, e pepehi a pau", "enemi o ke kumu" - manaʻo i loko o ka manaʻo ma luna mea i makaukau e kala aku iā ia,ʻo ka inoa o ka lehulehu ākea.

He kākau puke, hoolilo Film, oia māka hōkūʻia i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā Cartoons, a me 'oe e komo i loko o E hoike mai a me ka pōhaku' aha mele. He ola i piha kaʻaeʻana me ka hopuna'ōlelo me na nā pelaha, i i ka puna ma London nā kaʻa'ōhua i loko o ka? Aieao o ke kai eʻe lawe mai i ke komo ana o Dawkins: "Ma nā mea a pau likelihood, aole he Akua. Lawa ka worrying a loaa ia i kou ola. "