Savva Mamontov: Kawaihae, pilikino ola, philanthropic hana, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Kau waihona o ka mea noʻeau, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov i hele mai, mai ke kalepa ohana. He Ua hanau October 2, 1841, ma ka Siberian kūlanakauhale Yalutorovsk. I kona ua 8 makahiki,ʻo ia a me kona mau mākua neʻe i Moscow. Makua Ivan e imi i ke aloha o ka waina. Me kana wahine, o Maria i mau keiki ehiku, a me na kaikamahine elua i make koke. Ivan neʻe i Moscow ma hope o lilo i ka mea kālepa o kaʻahahui mua, a hoomaka ae la e alai i kakauiaʻi i ka palapala hoʻokele waiwai'āina a pau. Mea kalepa pii aku la i ka mauna, no laila, noho ihola ka 'ohana ma o ka nui ala. I Mamontov Ua hoʻolimalimaʻia i Meshchanskaya Street hale, i i paʻa soirees a me nā waihoʻoluʻu.

kamaliʻi

ʻOiai ka Danau no i ka kalepa papa, he loa okoa mai i ka hula i loko o ia 'ia i nā kauoha ma ka' ohana. Ma keia ohana ola ninoaaeyao he nui wahi moʻokalaleo, oe, keaka, mele. Ivan i hiipoi i hiipoi hou e like ka English haku ma mua o ka mea kālepa. O ka holo ana, i ke ala o ke ola o ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'ikaika hopena ma luna o nā pono i loaʻa Savva Mamontov. Kawaihae philanthropist makemake i ua okoa ina ole no ka ho'āʻoʻana o konaʻohana iho. Eia hou, i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o nā keikikāne hoʻoikaika i ke aʻoʻia, aʻo ka mea, i loko o nā 'ōlelo a me Europa,ʻano.

First Sawa aʻo i loko o maʻamau kula. A laila, i kona makua kāne hoololiia aku la ia ia i ka Institute o Kanawai nā kānakaʻenehana mau pūʻali ma St. Petersburg. Kēia olelo hooholo, he kanaka hihio. Just laila i ulu ke alahao hana i loko o Rusia. Enekinia, oihana i loko o mau ua lilo loa mahalo. Loa haumāna, nae, aloha ka Kelemānia 'ōlelo. Mau makahiki ma hope, me kona makua kāne i aku la ia ia, mai St. Petersburg no ka mea, o ke ahulau o kaʻulaʻula mai kuni.

wa opiopio

I kona makahiki 19, Savva Mamontov Kawaihae i maopopo he nui unexpected 'ana e haʻalele, komo aku la i ka Kauhalenui University, akā, ma hope Neʻe i Moscow, kahi āna i wae i ka'āuna kumu o ke kanawai. I loko nō o kēia specialization, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kuko o ke kanaka'ōpiopio i ka hale kiaka. He i ole e hala he hookahi leo Ka Mua, a me ke ka ao ma ka Moscow intelligentsia. By Mamontov a hiki E nānā aku e pili ana i ka Decembrists.

Ivan hana mau ia ana hoʻomaka hana. He He mau keiki kāne, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o ia mea i hoihoi i ka hana. Na manaolana i pinned ia i kona makua kāne Sava. I ka 1862, ua hoouna aku la i kana keiki i ka Baku, kahi ona e waiho ana, e hele kalepa noho ana o ka hui i ka Transcaspian. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina Savva Mamontov, kona Kawaihae ua i kekahi zigzag, lilo 'o ia ke poʻo o ka Central Moscow oihana o ka hui.

I ka 1864, i ka pāʻoihana hele i Italia. Mua,ʻo ia makemake, e hana me ko lakou mau ola kino, a me ka lua, hele e nana i ka ropi kalepa. No keia mea, ua wae Lombardy. Ua Ua lōʻihi Ua kaulana no kona silika ulana hana a me ka sericulture. Ma Milana, halawai mai la me Savva Ivanovich Mamontov me kūloko kaʻao hale kiaka "La Scala" i kahi e waiho ai i ke ao nei ka maikaʻi loa keaka mele. Ke kālepa ua seriously hoihoi i loko o kēiaʻano o ke akamai, a hoomaka ae la hoi e lawe aeoaeuneiai mele haʻawina.

Personal ola

Young Savva Mamontov, nona pilikino ola ua ulu loa ka pono,ʻo ia halawai i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine a Elizabeth Sapozhnikova i kona Italian huakaʻi mua. Ke kaikamahine ka makua kāne i ke koʻikoʻi kālepa o ke silika, no ka mea, mare ua hooikaika wale Sava nui nohona kūlana o kona 'ohana.

Ivan Elizabeth he nui loa, a me ia mea me ka olioli nui i aponoia i ka koho ana o kana keiki. Ma hope o ka aha lealeaʻana, i ka mau hele i Italia hou - i kēia manawa no ka Honeymoon. ka wahine a Savva Mamontov ka hānau maila kāna kāneʻelima keiki. Lākou kaikamahine Faith i kākauʻia pena Valentin Serov ma kona kaulana pena "Girl me Peaches".

Tycoon hooilina

Makua Savvy Ivan Fedorovich make i ka 1869, ma hope a me kona ohana hana hele i kāna keiki. Hope i kokua mai makua kōkua ma hope ou. Me ia ui entrepreneur ole wale la i ka malamaia, akā, i hoonui i ka makua hooilina. No laila, i loko o ka makahiki 1872, ma ke poo o ka Society o ka Moscow-Yaroslavl alahao la i ka hou kuhikuhi - Savva Mamontov. Kawaihae kālepa Ua pili me kaʻano o ka pāʻoihana mau mea. Ka poʻe me ke alahao kona mea a ka oihana office, i lako hale pono hana. Mamontov ke kiʻekiʻe o noho hoʻohana e alakai a me kaʻeleu nohona ola.

Family pūnana Savva i ka Abramtsevo waiwai, kuai ai, mai ka mea kākau moʻolelo Sergei Aksakov. Ka huiʻo ia i manaʻo i loko o ka'āina kā lākou keiki ulu maikaʻi aku, mai ka hassle a me ka unhealthy ana. Mau kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia exuberant ke aloha o na hana o ka magnate i Abramtzevo pomaikai Manor a me kona mau kula, ekalesia, hale hoʻoulu mea kanu, nā mahinaʻai, i ka haukapila, he alahaka, a me ka makua ma luna o ka mea nāna iʻaihue River.

Bono

Ma naʻe o ka oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, ke kalepa hoʻomau i e hoihoi i loko o ke akamai. He ua kama'āina a me nā mea a pau i ka nui aoao o ke aupuni ka pilina o kona manawa. Ma Abramtsevo i hana i ka pōʻai o Artists, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma iho ua Savva Mamontov. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi o ke ola 'imi naʻauao a me ka haipule ia i hui me ka hai aku o kekahi nā hana a me nā pāʻoihana. Mamontov loaa akea kaulana ma hope o pau ieoaeunoaa nui no ka hoʻokele waiwai Railroad i loko o ka Donetsk lanahu kīʻaha. Ua kūkuluʻia palapala i ka 1882. Ewalu makahiki ma hope, Savva kuai lilo aku la ia i ka moku'āina no i ka pomaikai.

Mau nawaliwali Mamontov i no Artists. He ua mau hoa me Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov a me nā pena. Ke kalepa i kekahi hoahanau o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke mele Moscow gale Paulo Tretyakov.

Art haipule

haipule Savva Mamontov kōkua Artists ole wale morally akā, i financially, ina he pono. He ua he godfather i na mea he nui ui talena. Pena mahina noho pono i loko o kona hale. Manawa Savva Ivanovich kū aʻela i kona mau wawae hoku e like me Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin a me Serov. Kekahi o na pena i ua lilo 'ike Classics laila, i pena i loko o ka waiwai Mamontov. 'Oiai, i ke kalepa i komo' ana i loko o kaʻohiʻohi pena ua noho pu me ka muli o hou hoalauna, mai ka oe ao nei.

Bono Savva maoli opiopio Artists-aea i kokua mai. I ka 1880, o ka nui holo o ka album aku i hookuu i kuai i na mea paahana. Mamontov kekahi i hoʻonohonoho 'ia nō nā hōʻike ma Moscow. Together me ka noblewoman Maria Tenisheva ia uku kālā i ka Magazine kaulana "World o Art".

Kuko no ka mele a me ka hana keaka

Ke pena ua i ka wale pono o ke kālepa. Music - keia mea kekahi nō i ka maʻi Savva Mamontov. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i kona ho'āʻo iho au i ka mea, ua 'ike nui no ka pololei, hōʻike hoʻokani e noho hoonohonoho i loko o kona hale. Here Puhi ae hana ma Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky a me nā kaulana i ka haku mele. 'Aʻole i ka heluʻaiʻana vocal aʻo Mamontovʻo ia i kekahi manawa i'ōlelo mai ai i ka poe hoaai. He no hoi i kekahi o ke kahua hale hana. Ma kekahi o nā hana āna i hoʻokani i ka uʻi Konstantin Alexeev, ka mea ma hope lilo ka honua-kaulana keaka kau wela Stanislavsky.

I ka 1882, a pilikino troupes i 'aelike i' ae 'ia ma Rusia. Kekahi o ka poe i koke i ka lanakila o ka hou kūpono lilo Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo ua i ka awa wale no Artists. Philanthropist hoihoi i ka keaka mele a me ka pilikia dismissive heluia, o ka Lūkini lehulehu a hiki i kēia 'ano o ke akamai, au manao e hoʻonohonoho i ke keaka mele-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. He moe no ka piha hana ma luna o ke kahua, a hiki hoohui i ka hana o nā mele, Artists, poe mele a me nā mea hana keaka. Aohe mea e like wahi lulu-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo ole i hookoaiaʻi lakou.

Ke koho ana o ka hou troupe o Savva Mamontov kōkua alakaʻi mele Nikolai Krotkov. Nā organizers hoʻoholo ihola e kono opiopio Artists,ʻaʻole i nā 'ōlelo ma ka State Kino. Mamontov ia ia iho, e hana i ka hale kiaka i i hoopaa i kekahi oihana, akā, mau heleʻana, a kamailio pu mai la me na nā mea hana keaka.

laua poe

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1885 i loko o ka hale waiwai e Lianozovo hale kiaka ua ka mua hana Mamontov "Mermaid" troupe i ma luna o na hana ma i ka haku mele Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Nā mea hoʻonani i hanaia no ia Isaakom Levitanom a me Apollinary Vasnetsov. A laila, ka mea i hana i nā mea ( "Faust" a me ka "Mele wāhine o Windsor"). Aia mea i kanalua i ka "makakū keiki" Savva Mamontov lilo ka mua Lūkini keaka Artists. A hiki i ka manawa, he kaumaha Artists mai e komo i loko o kaʻikena no ka mea, e noonoo pono i ka mea 'ole i kā lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka oihana. Aia i kekahi niche kekahi mea kaha kiʻi depicting ka ia keaka mele kāʻei kuaʻikena: kahiko hina, medieval holoholona, ano Italy. Company "alahao King" hoʻololi i ka ua hoʻokahua maikaʻi.

No ka hala loa o ka lōʻihi manawa, i kekahi mana keaka mele Mamontov i ole he pomaikai me ka hoolohe. Loli ana ma o ka nele o ka hana o ka opiopio "untried" nā mea hana keaka. Ke entrepreneur, naʻe, pono e iho i na mea kaua, hoʻowahāwahā i ka caustic olelo i loko o ka ahakanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo loi o ka hoa ka poe i manaoio i mea magnate e ole komo i loko o ia nonsense. Ka mua kiʻekiʻe-Profile huakaʻi o ka hale kiaka i wahi wale nō i ka 1898 i ka wa o ka poe lanakila Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Sergiev Posad a me Yaroslavl, he kū hoʻokahi kia Savva Mamontov - na Artists, i kaulana ma kona keaka mele. Mau nā hōkū Chaliapin loa i ka haku mele Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov a me Mussorgsky.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Patronage Mamontov Ua i kaupalena 'ia hoʻokahi wale nō. No ka lōʻihi manawaʻo ia i ka luna hoʻomalu ma Delvigovskom alahao kula ma Moscow. Savva uku kālā i ka hana ana o na kula, a me ma ka akau'āina. Ka mea, o ka hoonohoia'na o Kostroma hanalima kulanui. Ma St. Petersburg, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia tycoon Edition distinguishes lokomaikai hoi o ka manao o ka Nupepa "Lūkini." Ua Ua paa i ka 1902, ma hope, uaʻikeʻia skit hana lealea o kaʻohana aliʻi.

Aloha hoihoi i ka aoao akau, mai Danau i hele mai ai me ka hana o ke alahao a hiki i Arkhangelsk. Kēia papahana Ua wehewehe aku ma kona mau ka manaʻo pohihihi a me ka pilikia. Mai ke kinohi mai, aole ia i olelo hoopomaikai mai ai ka poe ola, a me ka hiki loaʻa kālā. Savva i i ka hana o ka wale mai no ka pono o civic hana a me kaʻike o ka mea ka mea hou laina e hōʻeleu i ka papa hana o ke kūkulu'ākau.

Ke alanui i Arkhangelsk i paʻa i loko o ka makahiki 1897. Ua ua no nui nui nā no ka'ākau aina, a no ka mea a pau aupuni. I loko nō o ka laulā o kona hana, Savva i ole imi lehulehu iaia. He ia i huli no ka papa a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia', mai i nā loulou i ka mana e ia. Aka hoi, i ka tycoon he kiʻekiʻe-Nā Mea Makemake a me Kau waihona. Kekahi o ia i noʻonoʻo pono i ke Kuhina Waiwai Sergei Witte. Ma hope o ka hana o ke alahao ma Arkhangelsk ua i ka kūhelu ia nā kumu kāki Danau Papa o St. Vladimir o ka ha o ka degere.

Panakalupa a me ka hope makahiki

I ka 1890 Savva Morozov i i kona nui entrepreneurial papahana. Ua oia ma ka hanaiia'na mai o ka ahahui o ka amo a me ka hanalima hana. No keia tycoon kuai kekahi OOAOAaXUEIE, a koi kanu modernization. ? Aiiio kāki o ka nui dala. Savva Mamontov 'ohana i nā nalowale hou, a nui ke kālā. I ka 1898, loaa ia lakou iho i loko o ka pilikia kulana, ka entrepreneur hoʻoholo ma luna o ka risky kālā hana me ka mahele o ka Yaroslavl Railroad. E like me ka hopena o ke kuai ana o securities Mamontov e ho'ōla hele bankrupt.

Ke ho'āʻo nei e pakele mai kālā e make ai, philanthropist loaa moku'āina concession e kūkulu i kekahi Railroad mai St. Petersburg a hiki i Vyatka. Naʻe, i kēia wale nō ano hoomainoino i ke kulana. I ka 1899, ma ka Danau kahe mai o ke kālā,ʻo ia ke uku ole hou me ka mau aie. A, o ka moku'āina poe ma na Kuhina o ka Waiwai i kauoha mai ai i hooia ia, he alanui.

I ka mea hele aku i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Ua hoouna Savva no kekahi mau mahina i ka halepaahao, ua nele o ka waiwai. Pāʻoihana hoopiiia o ka aihue. I hookolokoloia, kokua aku la oia i ka poʻokela ka Luna o ka aina 'uao Fedor Plevako. Mamontov Ua hewa,ʻo ia i hookuu ia ma lalo o ka applause o ka lehulehu. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe kapikala i ua haʻalele. Life koena Savva paa mai o ka lehulehu ola. Ma hope o ka hookolokolo ana, ua neʻe akula i kekahi hale liʻiliʻi kokoke i ka Butyrskaya puka. Mamontov e ae i launa wale me ka uuku kaiapili o ka wa kahiko hoa, i waena o ka mea i loa-ia mea ma ka aina Artists a me nā mea hana keaka. Maecenas make April 6, 1918 ma ka makahiki o ka 76 makahiki. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Abramtsevo.