Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829): mea, lalau mai, nā hualoaʻa, ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana (papa)

Kekahi War Russian-Turkish (1828-1829) Ua kauoha ae la ia e kekahi mau kī kumu. Pookela mawaena o lakou i ka hoopaapaa ma luna o nā straits, i ke ala a wehe mai ke Black kai a hiki i ke Kaiwaenahonua.

straits pilikia

He kū ma luna o ka Bosphorus Kou - ke kapikala o ke Ottoman aupuni a pau. ka mea, ua i ka mua o Constantinople (ka Slavs kapa ia Constantinople). A 1453 ua loaʻa i ke kapikala o ke Byzantine aupuni a pau. Keia aupuni i ke alakaʻi mele o ka Orthodox Church ma Rusia. Nolaila, Moscow (a laila, ma St. Petersburg) alii, manaoio aku i ka mea, i ka loio i apau ka 'ona i ke kulanakauhale, a ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua o Kristiano ma luna o ka millennia.

O ka hana ana, ma ka hou, ua ideological kumu a me pragmatic kumu. Free komo i ke Kaiwaenahonua Sea ke kōkua kuai no ko kakou aina. Eia hou, ka mea makemake e kekahi hou kumu e hōʻoia kona kūlana me kekahi o na Europa, mana nui.

Ke kaua i loko o ka Caucasus

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia, Tureke i me ka nui loa lagged hope i loko o ka ulu ana o kona hoalauna. Rusia Ua eo kekahi mau kaua me ia aina, a loaa komo i ka Black Sea.

Eia naʻe, i kekahi paahao me Tureke maluhia ua he truce wale. Kue o Paio wahi a hiki i loko o nā makahiki, i ka wa ua ole kaua ma waena o ka loaʻaʻana. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka Caucasus.

I ka 1818, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i kekahi kaua e ku ei na Highlanders - i ka lāhui' ōiwi e noho ana i ka māhele 'āina. Ke poo o ke kai eʻe ua Aleksey Ermolov. Eia naʻe, ko makou poe koa kaua ikaika me ka mountaineers no ka mea i ole ua hakuloli i ke kaua i loko o nā kuahiwi. Eia hou, nā kupa o ka Caucasus kōkua Tureke iho, a hoʻolilo akula iā lākou i nā mea kaua. Ka pele o ka pū, pū a me ke dala, a hele aku la ma ka Ottoman aupuni a pau ae na mountaineers no ka makahiki ana repel Lūkini ho'āhewa wale. He oiaio, ma Petersburg ike e pili ana i ke kōkua Nā Poʻe Isalama i Nā Poʻe Isalama. No laila, i ka Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829) i, e hooki aku i keia disastrous no ka Russian aupuni a ke alu like ka loaʻaʻana.

Greek nīnau

Eia hoi, i ke kolu o ka mea no ke kaua ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua i ka Helene kipi. No laila, i loko o historiography ka mea, i kapaʻia ka National Honua o ka Balkan kanaka. A mau kenekulia na Helene, e noho ana ma lalo o Turkish rula. Lāhui tensions Ua inā haipule. Nā Poʻe Isalama pinepine Kristiano hoʻokaumaha.

I ka 1821, he uprising o na Helene, a huli i ka kaua nunui-makahiki o ke kūʻokoʻa. Kristiano kākoʻo lehulehuʻEulopa'āina: Pelekāne Nui, Palani a me Rusia. Turkish Suletana pane papakaukau repression e ku ei ka poe Helene. No ka laʻana, ma ka mokupuni o Kerete i ua pepehi a me kekahi mau Kauhalenui archbishops iloko o ka ekalesia hana.

Ke kaua i loko o Tureke i ku i ka hoʻokele waiwai Lūkini. Koke ma mua ka mea, hoomaka ae la he kokololio ulu o Odessa. Kēia hou Black Sea awa ua lilo i noa yeiiiie? Aneay ciia, kahi i hana. Ma peacetime, haneri o nā moku holoʻaneʻi. Ka hapa nui o lakou i huiiaʻe me ka Helene, a Karistiano kanaka o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

No ka mea, o keia, ka Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829) ua inevitable. Wale ma ka ikaika ke kōkua i ka Helene, a me ka pau ana o ka ulia i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hema wahi o ka aina. I ka wā o ka Greek War i e hoʻomaka, na rula o Russian Alexander I. He ua i ole naʻau i loko i ke kaua. Ma keia e ho'āʻo anaʻo ia i kākoʻo i ka'Aukekulia diplomat. No laila, ma mua o kona make ana, Rusia hoopaaia i symbolic hana e ku i ka o Tureke.

Na olelo hooholo o Rotehama I

Ma Rotehama - naʻe, i loko o ka makahiki 1825 na Aupuni he kaikaina Alexander i huli. I kona wā'ōpiopio, halawai aloha oia me koa aʻo, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe kekahi manao ia ia e lilo i ka hooilina. Edit ma hope o Alexander i kekahi kaikaina - Constantine,ʻaʻole naʻe ia i ka noho aliʻi. Ma ke ala, i ka inoa o kēia aliʻi nui i loko o ka hanohano o ka nui Roma ia Auguseto nana i hoʻokumu Byzantium. Ua ua he symbolic lima kolohe 'ana o Ana II - ia makemake e kau kana moopuna ia ma luna o ka noho aliʻi i loko o Constantinople (Kou).

Koa ka hoʻonaʻauao a me nāʻano Rotehama koke i haawi ia ia iho i manao ai. Ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau ai no ka escalation o ke kaua. Eia hou, ma Rotehama makemake e alualu i kūʻokoʻa kuwaho, aʻaʻole e nānā i nā allies Europa, ka mea pinepine pani Alexander. The Western mana i ole makemake excessive hoʻoikaika 'ana o Rusia. E like me ka rula, e ho'āʻo e malama i ke koena o nā kaua i loko o ka'āina, a, o ka papa, i ole makemake ma Rotehama. Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829) ua, e luku mai i keia ano o ka loaʻa, e kaha a me ka mea kaupaona. Ua mea no hoi e pono e noonoo i ka Episode kaawale o ka HeleneʻOiʻenehana, a me ka paio no ka kuokoa (1821-1830).

kaua ana o Navarino

I ka 1827, ma ka Baltic Sea hoʻomaka e hoomakaukau i ka squadron, a i manao e hele i ke kūkulu hema moana. Ka Emperor Rotehama paa i ka pāpāiʻawa hōʻike o ka haalele ana moku ma Kronstadt.

Ma o ka wahi o ka Ionian Islands hui Lūkini squadron me Ally moku, mai Palani a meʻEnelani. Together ka mea, hele aku la i ka Navarino Bay, ma ka Turkish'auwaʻa a me Aigupita. Kēia i hana ma ka mea e puʻe ke Ottoman aupuni a pau, e hooki aku i ka repressive kūkulu 'ia ma luna o ka Helene, a me ka haawi ia lakou i kū kaʻawale. Ke poo o ka Lūkini squadron ua Hope Adimarala Login Heyden. He? Aaeaaaaony i ka Allies, e lawe i ka loa drastic ana. Ua mau'ōnaehana i haawiia ma i ka Beritania Adimarala Edward Codrington.

Turkish hui haawi aku i ultimatum: pau ana koa hoopii e ku ei ka poe Helene. He (Ibrahim Pasha) haʻalele i kēia memo unanswered. A laila, ua hookonokono ae la i ka Lūkini Adimarala ka Allies, e komo i ke kaikuono, a hoʻomaka i ke kaua aku i ka Kauai i loko o ka hihia, ina e wehe i ke ahi. Ka'auwaʻa huiʻia, he ōlaʻi i o battleships, ol ', kialua (ma kahi o 1,300 pū ma ka huina). Ka enemi mau moku a pau i kekahi mau mea nui (i loko o ka nui o ka 22 tausani luina a pau ma luna o ia).

I keia manawa, o ka moku Turkish i heleuma. Ua makaukau loa hoomaluia, me ka helu ana o Navarino i ka pā, i hiki ke wehe mea kaua i ke ahi ma luna o kaʻenemi'auwaʻa. Ke kai kūʻono ia ua ma luna o ke komohana o ka Peloponnese.

Codrington i manao e pale aku kaua, a hoohuli Ibrahim Pasha, me ka hoʻohana o ka mea kaua. Naʻe, i ka wa a ka moku "Azov" komo aku la i ke kai kūʻono ma luna o ka mea wehe ke ahi ma ka aoao o ka Turkish iuo aaoa?, O ma Sphacteria mokupuni. Eia hou, i ka mea ia manawa ke Kauai pepehi mauʻelele maiʻEnelani. Ma naʻe o ke ahi ma waho, i ole hālāwai i ka moku Ally a ole ia ia mau loa hoʻi i i ua kuhikuhi ia ia lakou, e like me ke kumumanao Ally. Adimarala makemake loa pani i ka Turkish'auwaʻa i loko o ke kai kūʻono. Keia ua kōkua ai i nā ma ka mea i ka aina i, ua paa hou mai la kaikuono me ekoluʻaoʻao (Sfaktoriya mokupuni a me ka moku'āina '). Ua noho pani i ka ololi pilikia, kahi a hele aku la iʻEulopa moku.

Wale i ka wa a ka Ally'auwaʻa heleuma ma, ua weheʻo ia i ke ahi i loko o muli o. Ke kaua ana aku ma mua o eha hora. Ua nui na makana i ka lanakila i Lūkini, a English (Palani'akimalala i kaua poho hooponopono o ko lākou mau moku).

"Azov" pakahi aku la ia ike okoa ia ia iho i loko o kā mākou mau'auwaʻa. He malama no me ka lutanela Nakhimov a me midshipman Kornilov - wā e hiki mai koa a me nā hōʻailona o ka Crimean Kaua. Me ka hoouka kaua ana o ke kai kūʻono o ka po, Ua ho'āʻia ahi lehulehu. Na Kauai luku aku i nā moku hanaʻino akula, no laila, i ka mea, i ole loaa i ka enemi. Na Allies i i lilo aku i ka hookahi moku, naʻe, e like me Lūkini "Hanko" loaa kanalima puka.

Ua ua he kaua ma Navarino Bay ua manaoia e ia i ka prologue, a i ia e ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829. (ʻOiai ia ka hoʻomaka 'ana i kekahi mau mahina ma hope). Once ma Kou aʻo o ka pio o ke Suletana Mahmud Ii i kekahi hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana i poe kauwa nana. He kauoha a pau Nā Poʻe Isalama, e hoomakaukau no ka jihad e kū'ē i ka mea o ka poʻeʻEulopa, me Russian. Pela i hoomaka ai i ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829.

moku kaua

Ko makou aupuni ua mālama malie no kekahi manawa. Kēia i aie i ka mea i ma ka ia manawa hoomauia ke kaua me Peresia, a ma St. Petersburg, i kekahi makemake i ke kaua ma luna o nā fronts. Eia hoi, ua pūlima i ka maluhia 'aelike i loko o Feberuari a me ka Iranians. April 14, 1828 , ma Rotehama au pūlima i ka manifesto ma luna o ke kaua me Tureke.

I keia manawa, i ka Lūkini squadron, i komo i loko o ke kaua o Navarino, i ka hana hou i loko o ke awa o Malta. Kēia mokupuni i ka waiwai o ka United Kingdom. Ke Beritania i ole kākoʻo Rusia i loko o kona kaua e ku e ia Tureke (hou pakahi aku la ia loli Europa diplomacy). Beritania hai kona neutrality. A, kona aupuni ua oi nui ia Tureke,ʻaʻole makemake e hooikaika Rusia. Nolaila, i ko kakou squadron haʻalele Malta i mea e pale aku hoʻokali kūpono i kāna hana. Ua relocated i ka mokupuni o Paros ma ka Aegean kai, a ma ka Lūkini kumu i kapaʻia ka pae'āina i ka XX kenekulia.

Ka mea, ua i kona mau moku i ka puupuu mua o ka Kauai i hamama kaua. April 21, aia ua kekahi moku kaua ma waena o ke kanaka o Aigupita a me ka Lūkini corvette battleship "Iezikil". Ka lanakila i ka hope. Ke outbreak o ke kaua i loko o ka Baltic Sea e hoomakaukau urgently kekahi mau hou moku i hele ai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana i loko o ke Kaiwaenahonua kai (na straits o ka Black Sea, o ka papa, i ua paa). Kēia Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829) ua huikau. Ke kumu no ka mea e pono ai no kilo o ka nele o ka moku, e aeie i ka Dardanelles pilikia.

Ke blockade o ka Dardanelles

Kēia hana i haawiia i ka'auwaʻa i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua pono, e oki aku i ka lako hou i ka ai, mai Kou, a me kekahi mau kumu waiwai. Inā i hoʻokumu i ka blockade, Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829), i nā hanana nui i ka poe hou, e hele mai, neʻe i ka loa okoaʻilikai. Ko kakou aupuni makemake e hiki ke lawe i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative i loko o ko lākou mau lima.

Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829), i ka papaʻaina mea he maikai hōʻike, i mālama 'ia i loko o ka hola like ana. No laila, ka mea, ua urgently e pono e kiʻi ia o ka blockade lanakila. Ma ke ala pololei, alai ae ol 'a me nā ipu. i wahi e Dardanelles e November 2nd. Lūkini moku komo i loko o ka hana, ma muli ia o ka ae, ekolu mokupuni (Moora Tasso a me Tenedos).

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829.

May 1828	Ka hoʻomaka o ka blockade o ke Dardanelles
June 23, 1828	hoʻopio aku i Kirs
August 9, 1828	Ahaltsikhski kaua
September 29, 1828	paʻa Varna
May 30, 1829	kaua o ka kulevicha
August 7, 1829	I ka hopu ana o Adrianople
September 2, 1829	Adrianople honua

Ke blockade Ua ua huikau e ka hookupaa hooilo ino (ma i nā hae). I ka makani a me ka ikaika makani. I loko nō o kēia, brilliantly lawe mai i ka Lūkini luina a pau na hana i i kau ai i mua o lākou. Kou, ua hookiia'ku la lakou mai ka lako, holo mai ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Ma Semurena wale ua ma kahi o 150 moku o ka poʻe kālepa nona ka berena'ānaiʻia e like me ka hoʻokali kūpono '. A hiki i ka pauʻana o nā hostilities,ʻaʻohe Turkish moku ua hikiʻole, e hele ana oukou ma ka Dardanelles. A August 1829ʻo ia i alakaʻi i ka blockade o Adimarala Heyden. I ka wā o ka Lūkini koa i hele mai i Adrianople, ka squadron ua subordinate Johann Dibicha - luna o ka Prussian kumu. I ka'auwaʻa i hoomakaukau ana e hemo mai ma ka Dardanelles. No keia mea i pono ai wale nō ka mea, mai St. Petersburg. Lūkini hao wale ka lanakila ma hope o ka lanakila ma luna o ka'āina, a ua hoʻohiki i ka pomaikai o ka hana. Naʻe, i ka mea i ole hahai. Soon ma hope o ka maluhia i kakauinoaia, a ma Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829). Ke kumu no keia kali hou aku i hūnāʻia i loko o ka mea i na mana Europa, e like me ka manawa, i makemake i ka lanakila hope loa o Rusia. Lawe Kou ke alakai i ka mea makemake i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i kekahi kaua me ka holoʻokoʻa West (mua o nā mea a pau - meʻEnelani).

I ka makahiki 1830,, a pau na moku i kaua ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, ua hoi aku a hiki i ka Baltic kai. Ke koe ua "Imanuela," a ua hâʻawi wale 'ia ka Helene, lilo kuokoa.

Balkans

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Russian ikaika i loko o ka'āina i ka Danube koa (95 tausani kanaka). Tureke i uluhia e ka contingent i ua nui ma kahi o ka hapalua.

Ke Danube koa ua, e lawe i ka na'lii, aia i loko o ke kīʻaha o keia muliwai: Moldavia, Wallachia a me Dobrogea. Hao wale i kauoha mai ai ma ka Petr Vitgenshteyn. He hele aku la i Bessarabia. No laila, ma o ka pelapela a hoomaka Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829). I ka papaʻaina, hiki keʻike i ka lākiō hiʻohiʻona i loko o kēia māhele 'āina.

Balkan alo

	Rusia	Tureke
koa o na aoao elua	95000	150000
lilo	5000	10000

Ka mua, hina nui pā Braila. I ka pua ana o Varna a me Shumla. Oiai e kali ana no ka Turkish koa kākoʻo, Wallachia, nui ka kaua, a i loaa ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini. No ka mea, o keia, i kaʻenemi e hoʻopilikia i koa i koe me ka manaolana o kōkua mai na kanaka hoʻokahi. A laila, i ke kūlanakauhale i hāʻawiʻIa aku ai.

kai eʻe 1829

I ka mea hou 1829 e waiho Wittgenstein Ua ala hou Johann Dibich. Ua Ua haawiia mai i ka hana i loko o ke alo o ka ia - i kela kapa o ka Balkans, a hiki i ka Turkish kulanakauhale alii. I loko nō o ka outbreak o ka maʻi i loko o ka poʻe kaua, i nā koa hoʻokō kā lākou hana. Ka mea mua i hoʻopilikia Adrianople (ka mea, ua kokoke ia e August 7). Ke kumu o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829 mea, e kū i ka Straits, a me ka mea, ua kokoke loa.

Poʻe koa i i manaʻo ai i Dibicha koa e hele i ka loa ma ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Aie i ka unavailability o confrontation luna hooholo, e hoihoi aku i ke kulanakauhale. Ma Adrianople Russian poe koa i loaa i ka nui nui o nā mea kaua, a me kekahi mau kumu waiwai, i mea e pipili mai kekahi foothold i loko o ka māhele 'āina.

Kēia kokololio pomaikai pōniuniu wale a pau. Turekeʻae e negotiate, akā, e ka noonoo e hoolohi, me ka manao ana England a me Austria e i ke kōkua iā ia.

Ia manawa, Alapania Pasha hele i Pulakalia me ka poe koa 40-tausani. Konaʻoihana kaʻaʻo ia keʻokiʻia aku i ka poe koa Dibicha e ku ana ma Adrianople. General Kiselyov, ka mea ma ia manawa ka malama Danubian mau poʻokela, haele ae la e halawai me ka enemi. He hoʻokele e lawe i ka mua Sofia - ke kapikala o Pulakalia. No ka mea, o keia, i haʻalele Mustafa me ka mea ole, a ua i ka paio me ka nui ikaika, e loaa i ka foothold ma Pulakalia. He manao e ku e ia ia, a hehi hoʻi i loko o Albania. Russian-Turkish kaua o 1828-1829, ma ka pōkole, lilo nui a oi holomua no Rusia.

Haole alo

Ma ia laua me na Aey? Acaeoey o ke kai, a me ka Balkans ke kaua, ma ka Caucasus. Lūkini mau pūʻali i loko o ka māhele 'āina i, e hele io lākou lā Tureke, mai ka hope. ka mea, ua hiki ke lawe i ka pā kaua o Kars In June 1828. I ka papa o ka Russian-Turkish kaua o 1828-1829. nei no hoi ia mea i loko o ka lokomaikai o Rusia.

A hou Hike Ivana Paskevicha koa i huikau e ka lehulehu mauna'ūlili a me ka pilikia nā mahele. Eia hoi, ma July 22, uaʻikeʻia ma nā paia o ka pā kaua o Akhalkalaki. Poe, hoʻomalu ihola ia wahi, oia wale no ka tausani kanaka. Eia hou, i ka pa a me ka pakaua o ka pāpū a pau ma ka naniʻole. I loko nō a pau keia i ka poe koa hoole e haawi.

Ma muli o, ka Lūkini pū mālama nui shelling hoʻomaka. Ke pā, hina iho la ma ka pono ekolu hora. Infantry ma lalo o ka uhi o ka mea kaua E ke Kumu koke i na pakaua, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE pakaua. Ka mea, ua kekahi pomaikai, a e hoomanao e Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829). Ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua i wahi i keia manawa i loko o ka Balkans. Ma ka Caucasus, ka Lūkini kaua ana kaua me ka uuku poe, lanakila maoli o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai.

August 5,ʻo ia ma ka Kura. Ma kona inflow ua nui ka pā kaua Akhaltsikh. 8 o ka mea kaua ahi i wehe ia ia. Kēia i hana ma ka mea e hoopunipuni i ka 30000th poʻe kaua o ka enemi, ku kokoke. A no laila, e hiki mai ai. Kauai hoʻoholo i Paskevich e hoomakaukau ana i ka ino, i ka pā kaua.

Ia manawa, i ka Lūkini koa sidled mai i ka enemi, a koke pepehi. Paskevich nalowale 80 kanaka make, oiai ua haʻalele i ka Kauai i ke kahua kaua mau tausani heana. Koena holo aku la. Hope ua i kekahi 'ia'ku ma Georgia.

Ma ka Caucasus, ka Lūkini-Turkish War (1828-1829), ma ka pōkole, i pau ai i loko o ka fiasco no ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Paskevich noho ana a pau o kēia Georgia.

Hana nui, e hoike ana i ka nui haku mele Alexander Pushkin i keia manawa hele i ka aina. He ua ike i ka haule ana o Erzerum. Ua ho'ākāka kēia Episode e ka mea kākau i loko o ka hana "Holoʻana e Arzerum".

A mau makahiki ma mua o kēia, Paskevich ana paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma luna o Peresia, no ka mea, ua lilo i ke Kauna. Ma hope o lanakila ma luna o ka o Tureke, oia loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o St. George o ke degere mua.

Ka maluhia a me ka hopena

I ka wa ia i ua kūkākūkāʻia me ka o Tureke, ma St. Petersburg enaena hoopaapaa e pili ana ina paha e hooki aku i ke kaua, a me ka mea i kiʻi i Kou. Ma Rotehama, ka mea i nei i ka noho aliʻi, ano pihoihoi. He i makemake ole e komo i loko o kue me Austria, i kū'ē i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o Rusia.

I mea e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia, no ka Auguseto kukuluia kekahi Komite Wae. Ua nā bureaucrats lehulehu ka poe i naʻaupō i loko o ka helu i ka poe mua o lakou. Ka mea hoohana i kekahi olelo hooholo, e like me ia i, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻopoina no Constantinople.

Aoao e kue ana i ka maluhia i 2 September 1829. Ka palapala i kakau inoa ia ma Adrianople. Rusia i loaa lehulehu kulanakauhale ma ka hikina mokuna o ka Black Sea. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hala ka Danube Aaeuoa. I ka hopena o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829. no hoi i manao ai, i ke Port ike i ka hoʻololi i Rusia mau Hawaii i loko o ka Caucasus. Ka mea, ua ka Keokia aupuni a me na alii a. Ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i hookupaa iho la ia ia ia, e like me ke kū kaʻawale ia Serbia.

Ka Ia hopena kali i ka Danubian ko na'lii, - Moldavia a me Wallachia. Ma kā lākou mokuna, ua Lūkini hao wale. Ka mea, ua pono, e mihi lakou. Mau he nui hopena o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829. Greece loaa i ke kū kaʻawale (a me ka makahiki ma hope - kuokoa). Eia hoi, ke Port, ua, e uku i ka nui indemnity.

Straits i noa no ke kalepa moku Lūkini. Ma keia hihia i ka aelike ua i hooponopono lākou kūlana ma ke kaua. Ua kauoha ae la ka maopopo 'i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829), ke kumu a me ka hopena o ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana a i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o keia mea, i ole loaʻa kona pahuhopu nui. Aupuni a pau nō makemake e hopu Constantinople, i ku maʻEulopa. I loko nō o kēia, kā mākou aupuni ua hoomau kona anoe? I loko o ke kūkulu hema.

Russian-Turkish War, 1806-1812, 1828-1829 ,. E hookupaa iho la ia i kēia au. Na mea a pau, huli i lalo ke alo i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. Koke ma mua o ka make ana o Rotehama au i hoomaka ai i ka War Crimean, ma i nā'āinaʻEulopa ma ke akea kākoʻo Tureke, a pepehi Rusia. Ma hope o ka mea Alexander II i e e concessions i loko o kēia wahi, a ke hana nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka moku'āina.