Una 'ole. Ka hoʻomaka una 'ole

Una 'ole - he nui mau mea o ka paakiki mawaho iwi o ka Honua. Ka mea, i kaupalenaʻia hohonu hewa. Ka hele a me ka 'ole o ka pńpa e aʻo i loko o ka? Aieao o ia ka hoʻopaʻi' ana e like me ka honua.

Overview

Una 'ole hoʻokolokolo hoʻohana Leeuwerikplein kŰia ha, Geophysical ano (hawewe, i pau) e like meʻeli. I ka like o kēia mau mea ua lawe mai i kulike ai me ka maliuia Mea Maluna. Kaupaona i nā ka geology meakino a me ka uuku shape nui o ma kahi o 10 km ma ka laau kea maluna ona pauku, honua - ho okumu o ka nui, ma 100 ei. Ka mua ua kapaʻia dislocations o nāʻano (discontinuous, injective, a pela aku.). Ka lua o ka pūʻulu pili synclinoria a me anticlinoria i loko o ka päkaua wahi aulacogens, syncline, anticline i loko o nā papa, me nā pale kaua, perikratornyh subsidence. Kēia waeʻano i ka loaʻa o papa anuʻu loa kai OE a me kaʻeleu Hawaiian margins, paepae, geosynclinal kāʻei, moana, orogenes, nä kualapa waena-waena moana, ho'āla, a no laila, ma luna o. Mau loa nui-me ka unahiʻole una hale a uhi paakiki iwi, a kapa aku la i ka lithosphere a me ka hohonu.

Mea Maluna

Superglobals kahiko una 'ole hiki i na umi o ka miliona oʻahā like mika. ei i ka wahi a me na tausani o kilomika o kona lōʻihi. Lākou e hoʻomōhala ana ma ka 'ā ina mōʻaukala o ka Honua ke kahua. Laulā una 'ole - he ho okumu i lawe i 10 miliona sq. ei. Lākou lōʻihi kekahi mau tausani kilomika ihoiho. Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ko lākou ola ka pahuhopu nei me ka mua hoohalua ana. Ai hoopakele mai no hoi subglobal una 'ole o ka pńpa. Ka mea, kūlana 'he wahi no kekahi mau milionaʻahā like mika. ei, a hiki i na tausani o ka kilomika. Ke au o ko lākou? Acaeoey - oi ma mua o 1 ieeeea makahiki.

Main una 'ole

Ma muli ke kuʻikahi, pohupani hale pili monolithic kaʻawale lithospheric papa. I ka lā, i ka nui ikeia 7 a me 11-13 liʻiliʻi mau mea e kukaʻi. Ke kahiko nā ka Eulńsia, Akau a me Amerika Hema, Africa, Indo-Australia, Pacific, Ant- una 'ole. No ka liʻiliʻi ē aʻei nā Philippine, wīlou, Caribbean papa, niu, a pela aku Nazca.

fractured ho okumu

i hoʻokaʻawale mau una 'ole lithospheric papa. Iwaena o lakou, mua o nā mea a pau maopopo kēia ho'āla. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o Hawaiian, a iwaena konu o ka moana. Recent palapala he global'ōnaehana, ka lōʻihi o ka i mea oi mamua o 64 tausani. Km. 'O kekahi mau kahua ke malama EastʻApelika Waena (ka mea nui i loko o ke ao nei), Baikalsky. Kekahi ano o ka hewa hale e hoʻololi kahua dissecting kēia ho'āla ÷ haku. I kā lākou mau laina e hele papamoe naeaeaa mau mea o lithospheric papa, e pili ia ia.

anuu

Ka mea, e kali-e neʻeʻoʻoleʻa crustal ālai '. Mau kahua Ua Ua pono lōʻihi pae o ka ulu ana. Paepae ai i okoa ekolu-tiered 'ole. Lākou aniani 'ole mea keia kumu i ua hana pōhakuʻalā, a māpala-gneiss papa. i kaʻawale ke anuu sedimentary wahī. Mea pōaka kumu papa hana metamorphic pōhaku, ma crumpled pā. A pau i kēia mea ole, e hemo mai ma ka mānoanoa o ka dislocated intrusion (ka hapanuiʻakika, a me ka awelika haku mele 'ana). Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka makahiki o ke kahua o ka hookumu ana, o ka anuu ua maheleia i opiopio, a kahiko una hale. Ka hope hana e like me ka nucleus o na âinapuni, lawe lākou centerpiece. Kaikaina hoʻonaʻauao kauʻia ma luna o lākou periphery. Ma sedimentary uhi papa aia no iloko olaila puleʻAmelika, nedislotsirovannye ihu, ma waho, a me ka pohihihi keia manawa Hawaiian kimu.

Panel a me ka papa

i hoʻolaha kēia mauʻano o ka una hale e like me ka mea i hōʻike 'ana i ka' ā ina 'ole. Pale kaua i kapa anuu hapa ma luna i ka bedrock mea ma luna o kaʻili, a laila ka mea, i ole sediment. Ma ke kokua ia e hōʻike Panel, e like me ka rula, plateaus a me ka puʻu. Papa e paepae ai a me ko lakou mau pauku, nā hiʻona i ka ikaika sedimentary, ahu iho. Lākou ho okumu ua kena ae la ma ka subsidence a me nā hala. I ka 'äina o ka una wale i kaʻai nui hoʻopili like awāwa a me ka uka.

anteclise

Ka mea, ho i ka nui maikaʻi kahua o ka una'āpana. Ka ili Ua convex kumu. Ke sedimentary uhi ia i wehewehe aku e nui nona iho. Ho okumu anteclises lawe mai i ka hopena o ka una uplift wahi. Ma keia manao, he nui lipolipo makana i loko o ka pili io maʻamau he hiki ole e 'akomi i loko o ia mau mea.

Huihui ikehu lā a me nā wānana waiwai

Ka mea, i kēia māhele 'āina kanu'ōiwi anteclises. Huihui ikehu lā i poe ma kahi maluna o ia mau mea. Ka mea, i ka hookumu ana paha ma kaʻili, a ua uhiʻia sedimentary me ka ho okumu ana o ka Quaternary. Nā wānana waiwai i kapa aku ai o ka huihui ikehu lā. Ka mea, i na poe e elongated a isometric hale ilalo kiʻekiʻe a pau, ae hiki aku i ke anawaena o ka 100 ei. Dala i kekahi kanuʻia nā wānana waiwai. Ma luna o ia mau mea, i ka sedimentary uhi ua na poe ma ke ano o ka hoemi nui ana.

syneclise

Ka mea, e io nui iā Naha Pōhaku-o nā 'āina kanu'ōiwi o ka una hale. Ko lakou ili i concave kumu. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e kekahi i lalo lalo, a loa kai kohola pana pua o ka hou iho ma luna o nā kumu. Syncline i hanaʻia ma ka subsidence wahi. Ma keia manao, o ko lakou sedimentary uhi kiʻekiʻe mana mea okoa.

monocline

Mau hale a OAOOUIEeE una me ka ho okumu hene mńlualua. Lākou huina o ka mea hiki wale mai Ua kākaʻikahi oi aku 1 loa. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ano o ka mea maikaʻi a me ka io hale, i ua aia ma waena o ka palena Monocline kona waeʻano i kekahi e kekahi. Regional me ka ho okumu o sedimentary aloha hoihoi grabens, he piha, a me ka lio. Nā kūlana 'he palapalaʻoihana i loko o ka kiekie o kaʻili kai. Noho hoʻonoho ma luna o ka hopena maikaʻi nā hale a puni ia, akā, emi maikaʻi.

orogen

Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e kaʻoi mahuahua i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka pńpa. Mountain-pelupelu ia wahi e hana i ka hoʻohui o lithospheric kulekele. Ka hapa nui o lakou, ka oi aku o ka opiopio, e wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe seismicity. E like me ka rula kumu o ka Mea Maluna o na wahi mauna-pelupelu ia o ka makahiki lawelawe me ka ho okumu. Ua Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka muli loa crumpled strata. i kaawale Mountain papa koa, no laila, ma:

1. Baikal.
2. Hercynian.
3. Caledonian.
4. Alpine.
5. Cimmerian.

He Mea Maluna Ua manaoia e ia, aole i ākeʻakeʻa kumu, e like me ka hapanuiʻepekema ike i ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka pelu.

E pelu-hihia huihui ikehu lā

Mau hale i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka revitalization o papamoe, a me ka vertical una neʻe i loko o nā palena o ka mua pilikia a me ka pinepine ua luku nenoai. Ma keia e pili ana, pa-hihia 'ole mea oi typical o ka Paleozoic a kuʻina mamua wahi. Kokua ia ikehu lā, nui i like loa me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka huakai hele pōhaku me ka ho okumu. Naʻe, i kēia ua ole mau 'akomi i loko o ka pelupelu ia-hihia mau mea. No ka laʻana, ma ka opiopio kuahiwi papa koa hoʻopili like anticlinoria hale a me synclinoria - intermountain wili ai. Loko o ka pelupelu ia pauku, e like me ka pono me ma luna o lākou periphery e anao? Aou, niioaaonoaaiii, kihi a me ka holomua poho a me na awawa. Ma ka ili o kēia mau me ka ho okumu i hoonohonoho lohi fragmental huahana i kupu mai, mai fracture pōhaku me ka ho okumu - molasses. Foredeep ho okumu i ka hopena o ka subduction o lithospheric kulekele.

Central Lūkini ?? eoi?

Kēlā me kēia nui maoli eiiieaena ua hooku iho la ia me he hookahi nui wahi geostructural māhele 'āina. Ua hiki e ka pola a pa nenoaiu o ka kekahi geologic makahiki. Kēlā me kēiaʻahahui i kekahi AYEIE olelo i loko o ke ola. mea okoa climatic olelo a pau o lākou, osbenno'āina uhi. Ke hoihoi Ua kuhikuhi una 'ole Ural. Ma ka keia moku'āina ia mea meganticlinorium, a he o kekahi mau anticlinoria elongated meridional, a kaawale synclinoria. Hope ń lonikū awāwa, ka mua - kualono. Key Uraltausky anticline holo ma nā mea a pau hoʻonaʻauao. E like me ka mea haku mele 'ana o Riphean hoʻokomo kālā mea hiki ke manao ia ua ka mālama nui subsidence i kā lākou hoʻomāhuahua. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i Hoomau pinepine auou caiaiai pōkole-makahiki uplift. Ma ka pau ana o ka Riphean originated Baikal pelupelu ia. Hoomaka ae la hoi e hoohaunaele ana, i ka hana i loko o ka Cambrian. Iloko o keia manawa, huli aneane pau loa ka aina i ka aina maloo. Keia ua hōʻikeʻia hoʻi i ka mea i kaupalena 'o ka makana o sediments, a i na poe e uliuli schists Lower Cambrian ho okumu, pōhaku keʻokeʻo a me ka quartzite. Una 'ole o Ural ma ka lalo pae pela pau kona shaping Baikalian pelu. E like me ka hopena, ka mea i hana mau mea'ē aʻe ma mua o ka poe i ae la i ka hope manawa. Ko lakou hoomau ana hoʻonaʻauao kumu Timan-Pechora palena pau i loko o ka East 'Eulopa anuu.

Siberian una 'ole: Aldanskoye Highlands

Education i loko o kēia wahi, ua haku o prehistoric Proterozoic gneisses a me schists. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka Precambrian o ka Siberian anuu. Naʻe, ka mea pono e olelo ana e pili ana i kekahi o nā hiʻona i loaʻa una 'ole. Aldan Plateau hoʻomohala no ka meso-Cenozoic mōʻaukala ma waena o ka hema like o ka North Baikal a me ka anuu. Ma na wahi he nui o ka mea pōaka hale ilalo pöhaku e ma kaʻili kai. Ka mea, i na poe e maikai-na hua liilii granites, kahiko quartzite, kinikini a me gneisses. Ma ka'ākau hene he mea i kahi o ke kumu moe ma ka hohonu o ka ma kahi o 1.5 ei. Kona pōhaku i intruded e granitic intrusions ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka 'ā ina? Acaeoey.

Europa hapa

Here hoihoi mauna Khibiny. Una 'ole ua dissected denudation ke kiekie papu. Ka mea, kūlana 'ka wahi o ka kola Peninsula, a Karelia. Hana mauna Khibiny una 'ole originated i loko o ka palapala o ka intrusions a me dislocations. Ka mea, hoʻoholo i ka'āina. 'ākilikai e kū'ē i āpana ua poe ma kekahi o ka luna 'multiphase intrusions. Ua Ua Aia ma ka palena gneyskogo Archaean a Proterozoic me ka ho okumu ho okumu Varzuga-Imandra, a ma transverse fracture ciia ki i hele ma laina p. Cola - p. Niva.