Kanaka hana i loko o ka hala, me kona Outlook, kūlana i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, - a pau keia mea he mea o këia na humanities mōʻaukala. Ua Ua e hilinai ana ma ka palapala a me ko läkou 'o ka nalo hana hoopilikia wale, e wehewehe i ke ola o ka mua hanauna.
Increasingly kani nīnau: "Ua i ka auamo o ia?"
A me ka mea e hana ia kekahi mau alahao, akā, he mea wale hoomanao o ia i loko o na mooolelo, i kaʻikepili o ka a i mau ua ninau aku? Pehea na hanauna he nui i aʻo i loko o nā kula o ka Mongol-Tatar auamo! Ano,ʻaʻole wale nō ia o ka mōʻaukala 'epekema ma ka mau i ua wehe' ia a auou caiaiai ia me ke kau hopuna'ōlelo "Zolotaya Orda", akā, e konane me na mea a pau i ka mea i pili i kēia kŰia. Pela hoi, aole i noi mai i ka ninau: "Ua mea nui Ho'āʻo huakaʻi i Rusia?" A e loa hoomaopopo ana kūʻiʻo i i ua ia. Eia naʻe, he nui loa kanaka ma ke kula manaoio i 200 makahiki Rusia i ma lalo o kaʻauamo, a me ka "papa pihi i kona aliʻiʻana ma" ali o ke Gula iā Goga, ka Lūkini aliʻi i haawiia mai. Akā, somehow i kekahi o lakou, i ole ola.
I ka palapala ike firsthand
Ma keia ano o ka palapala, e like me ka mea ola i nā mea a pau, wale ike mai o nāʻoihana. Naʻe, i loko o ka hope hana o ka moʻokalaleo a me ke akamai o ka mea o ka holo, e uku hoʻomana i ka iā Goga ali pinepine ae la oia i ho'ākāka 'ia. Artist Boris Chorikov (1802-1866),ʻikeʻia e like me ke kaha kiʻi o "History o Rusia" Karamzin huki maila feud Lūkini luna, hooponopono ia ma ke alo o ka maona Khan, no ka mea pono, e loaa i kekahi "ʻoneki e aliʻi." He aha ka keia palapala? He aha i nā aliʻi me ka waiwai makana "hele" i ka pā hale o ka Tartar Khan? Ua ua i ka olelo hooholo i hoopuka ia e ka luna o ke Ulus Jochi a me ka Gula iā Goga, i ka noho mana me ka poe koa he nui, a ina he pono apoʻili, keʻae i ka ikaika o kēia kānāwai. Khan, ua lawe mai iaʻana i nā makana ae e noho aliʻi ana ma ka kekahi hooilina, a ina ma ia manawa e noho ana i ka luna. Han like maalea hikina kulekele, skillfully hoʻohana i ka "papa pihi i kona aliʻiʻana ma" i mea e kahe mau ka Apana aliʻi. Penei, malalo o ko Rusia i ole i hiki ke hele pu, e repel i ka iā Goga. E like me ka hopena o keia kulekele i ho'ākāka 'ali luna, hele aku la i ke kaua ku e kekahi i kekahi, hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hakina Rus.
Ke kaukaʻi o Rusia
Keia ua hiki no ka mea, i loko o nā makahiki 1237-1242 i apo akuk ai e ka Mongols kaua o Rusia. Loa hana hoihoi, ua i hoʻohana anywhere i loko o ke aupuni moʻokalaleo, i ka manawa "ʻauamo". A no ke aha ka mea, ua pono, e apono i "hua'ōlelo", no ka manawa mua haawi i ka Polish kakaolelo Jan Dolgushev, ka ike ana keia aina hiki paha ka nānaina i kekahi mea, pono e annoy ole nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa Rusia. Ae, a ka mea i noi i ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia, i ka wa a ka pela-kapaia "ka hoʻoluhi hewa" aʻaʻole he kumumea. Ma hope o ka Tartar keehia mai o ko mākou'āina i ua hahao i loko o vassalage - hookupu a me ka pili kalai aupuni. I ka manaʻo o ka hoopuka ana "i kaʻoneki, e alii ai maluna o" i hanau,ʻae nō hoʻi, ma ka Khan ka e hele mai, no ka mea mua huakaʻi, a mahope a pau, hoʻomaka me ke kahea ana i ka pā hale o ke aliʻi.
Ke aliʻi mua, loaa ka i 'ae'
Prince Vladimir a Suzdal Yuri Vsevolodovich make ma na paia o ka kaʻao Kitezh ma Harakorum, ke kapikala o ke Mongol aupuni a pau, ua kapaia kona kaikaina Jaroslaw. Kona huakaʻi mua ua manaoia e e loaʻana, a hiki i kapaʻia he kalaiaina holomua. Ka i 'ae' mua i kona aliʻiʻana ua ia ia, i ka makua kāne o Aleksandra Nevskogo. I loko o ka lua [o ka hele ana o ka iā Goga oia iʻapu kōheoheo kahu aupuni Turashnoy wahine kāne make qaan Ugedei. Ua kauoha koke i kapaʻia no ka pā hale o Alexander, paha me ka ia manao e pepehi. Akā, no kela kumu, ke Aliʻi o Novgorod 4 makahiki i ole hou i loko o ka iā Goga. Poisoner ia i ae mai i ka ia hopena - mau mahina ma hope o ka piʻiʻana aʻe i ka noho aliʻi o kana keiki, oia i pepehi ai i ka make ma ka mea hookahi ala. Ma ka pā hale o Batu Khan hookaawale mua ae o ua mau kuko.
Nā machinations a me ka hana malu a
Ride i loko o ka Khan ka ke keʻena luna ua pono no ka mea wale nō ke aliʻi, i loaa ka i 'ae' ai i kona aliʻiʻana, i manaʻo like me ka kupono aliʻi. A o ka mea i ole e na luna nui, akā, i kekahi. Sluggish me ka hele ana i ka legitimately koho alii o Kiev Svyatoslav hewa i kona kaikaina Michael. No ke aha la e kēiaʻo Samuel ua ai kupono? Mua, no ka mea, ke hookupu hele mai i Rus Mongols. Akā, i ka hoʻomaka o ka hanohano unrest, o ka oi aku ma Novgorod. Iā Goga he makemake ko e hoomalu mai kahi lōʻihi ko na'lii, a no laila, 'oni iki i ka levying o ka hookupu a hiki i nā aliʻi lākou iho. Ia o ka wahi o ka luna ua oi ma mua o ka berena - i ka waiwai auhau nui aku ma mua i haawiia mai ai i ka iā Goga kauoha. Ke alii, i loaa i ka lepili i ka noho alii, me ka nui loa hoomahuahua i ko lakou waiwai. Ia mea ke kumu o ka hewa a me ka wikiwiki e holo alaʻokoʻa i ke kupono na'lii, e haule ma na wawae o ka Khan, ka mea i manaʻo like me ka lokomaikai kiekie aliʻi o Rusia. Huakaʻi, ua kumukuai nui a me ka loa-ka loihi. No laila, pakela o ka maalea politician Ivan Kalita ka hapanui o ka manawa o kona noho aliʻiʻana hoolilo ia i loko o ka iā Goga a me ke alanui noho i, a mai laila. Moopuna o Aleksandra Nevskogo Prince o Moscow Yuri Danilovich III i noho ai i loko o ka uku o ka 2 makahiki, mare i ke kaikuwahine o ka Khan, pela hoʻolimalima i ka i 'ae' ia ma ka noho alii ana nui.
Beautiful, a pau-mana, ka mea i nalowale
E like me nā moʻolelo i 'ae' ua he gula papa, a penei i ua ua hoʻokōʻia. Ma ka mea, ua i ka puka no ka kau. More ma mua o nā akua i loaʻa i ole he i 'ae' gula. I ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi, e ole loli ana ma ka manawa, e pāʻani ana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia i kekahi kūlana nunui - a nalowale. Lepili i puka a me ka clergy. I mai la lakou a pau nalowale em me nā paʻi. Ka pilikia o ka wā kahiko Rusia ua i na luna pele, he nui nā keiki kāne, a me ka nui kenekoa naehana kuʻi ma waena o ia mau mea, haliu ae la ia i ka poe liilii, fiefdoms. Heʻikeʻia sensible politician, hui pu ia no ka manawa, a laila, pau ka puana. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIII kenekulia i loko o Rusia, koe wale no kekahi poe uuku, he elua nui na'lii a - Vladimir a me Kiev, ma ka mua ua nui aku mana a me ka nui i loko o ka lua. Nolaila, e loaa i kekahi i 'ae' ana ma ka noho alii ana nui o Vladimir ka mea, ua i ke aloha moe ana o na luna, a me ka Aleksandra Nevskogo. He pakele ai i ka iā Goga a me kona kaikaina o Anederea, a i loaa ka ae ia Kyiv papaʻaina, mea i loa haule koke iho la.