Aleksandr Benua: he pōkole Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu

Ke kaulana Russian artist Aleksandr Nikolaevich Benua (1870-1960) Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka 'ohana koʻikoʻi, kahi i hou ka mea, he ewalu mau keiki. Mother Camille Albertovna Benoit (Kavos) i ke kahua o ke mele. Makua - he kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana.

Aleksandr Benua, Kawaihae (pōkole): wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

I ka wā kamaliʻi no ka wā e hiki mai artist i paʻa i loko o St. Petersburg. Aiaʻo ia i helu i loko o ke kula a wahi uku o Karl May, ka mea ma kekahi mau manawa ua puka 'o ia 25 lala o ka genus Benoit. Ma ka pau 'ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao panina, Alexander hoomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka'āuna kumu o St. Petersburg University, a me ka laua hele papa ma ka Halau o Nice Arts. Eia hou kekahi, he haumāna, he opiopio Benoit ike okoa ia ia iho e like me ka mea kākau a me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ohui namu liʻiliʻi puke "History o Europa Art" mokuna ma Lūkini nō. I ka wā mai ka 1896 a hiki i 1898 Aleksandr Benua ola ana, a me ka hana i loko o Farani. He ka "Versailles moʻo" ka mea i kākauʻia ma laila.

"World o Art"

I ka 1898, pu me SP Diaghilev, Aleksandr Benua hoʻonohonoho 'ē aʻe "World o Art", ka hana i ka ia puke. Ua komo ia pono-ike Artists like me Lancer, Diaghilev a me Bakst. Nā lālā o ka hui i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka exhibition ma i lawe loa Roerich, Vrubel, Serov, Bilibin, Vasnetsov, Korovin a me Dobuzhinsky. Naʻe, i nā mea a pau i hookiekieia Artists i kūlike i ka "World o Art". Ma kekahi, Repin mea,ʻaʻole loa leʻaleʻa o ka poe, a no Benoit kapaia ka hapa-hoʻonaʻauao, bibliographer a me curator o ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, nae ka mea i kuleana i loko o nā hōʻike.

"Lūkini Wailea"

I ka 1905, Aleksandr Benua hele aku i Farani. Aia, a me kona Initiative, ka Ballet troupe "Lūkini Wailea" Ua hana, alai ae e Diaghilev. Benoit i kona noʻeau kau wela, a ma ka 1911, ua hana ua lilo honua-kaulanaʻikena no ke keaka mele "Petrushka" ma Stravinsky. A ua mau ike i ka artist ua ole papahana wale-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo akā, i kōkua kākau i ka libretto no ke keaka mele.

E hoʻi i ka Rusia

I ka 1910, i ka artist paʻi i kekahi "alakai i ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele." Kēia paiia i ka culmination o kana hana me ka oe manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. A mau makahiki ma hope Aleksandr Benua no lākou i ke kālā i kuai ai i loko o ka Crimea, Sudak wahi o ka aina ma a kukulu i ka neoneo, kahi e hoomaha a me ka hana. Pena a me sketches i laila, ua loaʻa i loko o na mea he nui Lūkini Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha. Ma ka Soviet wā, ma hope o kona hele ana a hiki i Farani, ka wā e lilo maopopo ia e ole hoʻi Benoit, ka Archive ua waiho ia ma ka Crimean House o Artists, haawiia ma i ka Russian Museum, a kuai lilo aku la pilikino e pili ana a me kaʻoihana ma ke kudala.

Life ma Soviet Rusia

Ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, ma ka hoike ana o Gorky Aleksandr Benua, he Hawaii photo no i ua hōʻike ma lalo nei, au i hana i loko o ke Komite no ka 'ohana ka palekana o Nohona Kanaka kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ma kaʻoihana o kaʻeleʻele, a me ka hana i loko o kakau o ka hana i loko o na hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni: Mariinsky, Alexandrinsky a me ka Bolshoi hana keaka.

Naʻe, i ka mea i hanaia ma ka aina ka loa ole ai ka mea artist. Mai ka hōʻike A. V. Lunacharskogo ma 09/03/1921, ma muli o ke noi i ka malu №2244 ua hoʻohuʻuʻia anaʻo ia i kākoʻo i ka loli, akā, i hope loaa ole ke ola i ka pilikia e, a ua kaheaia'ōhumu mai me ka Communists ke kaōhiʻana Hale hana ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kipi. Next Commissar i kākau i Benoit mea,ʻaʻole he hoaaloha o ka hou aupuni, akā, e like me ka luna hoʻokele o kaʻeleʻele, ua lawelawe nui ana i ka lahuikanaka, a me nā kilokilo ana. Summary Lunacharsky ua: ma luna o ka 'oihana ano o ka artist mea waiwai a me ka pono e hoomaluia.

'ana aʻe

Kekahi henua e pili ana i ka mea hou aupuni hoʻoholo i ka wā e hiki mai ke ola a me ka hana ana o Benoit. "Ka Marriage o Figaro" - ka hope hana ma ka Leningrad Bolshoi hana keaka Kino, o ke kahua ma mua o kona hele ana, mai ka aina ma ka artist.

I ka 1926, Lunacharsky Aleksandr Benua koi Kawaihae i ka piha o ka lono kaumaha hanana i loko o nā makahiki, hele aku la ma ka pāʻoihana huakaʻi no ka hana i loko o ka Luna Nui Opera House ma Farani. Hoouna mai ana ia ia Paris, Commissar ike pono loa lakou pono mea i hele ma loko o kona manaʻo. e hele hoʻi i Rusia Benoit i hele ma hope o ka hana, akā, ma ka pau ana o June 1927 hiki aku la ia Lunacharsky ma Palika. Mai ka palapala o ka artist i FF Nortau penei i ka mea o na kanaka o ka commissar noi ikaika aku ia ia,ʻaʻole e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina. Ma ka launa kamailio ana, i aku la ia i ka nele o ka hoʻolako 'ia o, a me nā kūlana no kona hana a me ka manao e kali ma Farani a hiki i ke kulana hoʻololi.

A Benoit aole hoi i Rusia.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Kawaihae Aleksandra Benua hana mau, e kākau mea, ua lōʻihi mai ka hale, akā, ma Palika keia manawa ia huli mai ka hapanui o kona mau hoa a me nā hoa. Ke artist hoʻomau i ka hana a ke hoʻololi i kaʻikena i loko o na hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kākau ihola nā puke a me nā pena. Ka mea, ma hope hana pu me kana keiki ma Rotehama a me ke kaikamahine a Elena. Aleksandr Benua make ma Paris i ka 1960, he iki ma mua o ka makahiki o 90-makahiki lā hoʻomanaʻo. He haʻalele he nui ka nui o ka hana, a paʻi puke a me nā memoirs. Ma kona ola Aleksandr Benua, Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu i i ua inextricably ua hoʻopili me Rusia, ka mea i noho he ardent patriot, a ho'āʻo e hana ia i kaulana moʻomeheu a puni ka honua.

Personal ola

Aleksandr Benua i mare. Ua mare keiki hānau: kaikamahine Helen a me ke keiki ma Rotehama. He mau Artists. Benoit i ka makahiki 1924 ma ke kono ana o ka National Opera neʻe i Farani. He laila, neʻe i Italia, kahi no na makahiki (mai ka 1937 a hiki i 1970) i ka luna hoʻokele o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo wahi i loko o ka Milan La Scala. Komo i loko o kakau o ka mea, he nui no na mea i hanaia me kona makua kāne,ʻo ia hana i na mea he nui kaulana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou i loko o ke ao nei, ke hoʻololi i ka ekolu-manawa hana i loko o ka Bolshoi Kino ma Moscow. haʻalele Elena kaikamahine mai Soviet Rusia me kona makua kāne i loko o Paris i ka 1926. He ua he pena kaulana, a me kona mau pena loaa Palani aupuni. I waena o kona mau hana i ke kiʻi o BF Chaliapin a ZE Serebryakova.

I hoomanao o ka pena kaulana, nana i haawi i na makana nui no ka hana e kilokilo ai, i hoʻokumu 'ia e ka lahui Ballet makana e koho i kona inoa. Ma Peterhof he mea he exposition hoʻolaʻa iā ia kino.