Battleship "Petropavlovsk": mōʻaukala, hōʻikeʻano o ka hana, ano. I ka make ana o ka battleship "Petropavlovsk"

"Petropavlovsk" - battleship, hookahi nova ma ka Lūkini imperial Moku. He ua he alakaʻi o ka 1st Pacific Squadron, a i hapa ma Lūkini-Japanese War. I ka pau ana o Malaki 1904 i ka moku Poho kokoke Port Arthur, hehi ma luna o kaʻenemi i koʻu. Kona make ana ua kekahi o ka loa lono kaumahaʻaoʻao ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa.

moku? ieoaeunoai

Ke kula o Lūkini Baltic'auwaʻa ma ka hōʻeleu i ulu polokalamu ma ka 1890 ua lilo kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ulu o ka Kelemānia moku. I ka elima mahope makahiki ka mea, i na manao e kūkulu 50 luku, 10 battleships, e like me kekahi mau cruisers a me gunboats. Ua Ua hoʻoholo i ka inoa o nā mea a pau i ka battleship ma hope o ka pūʻali koa kaua, a Lūkini'auwaʻa i loko o ka XVIII a XIX kenekulia. Ma kekahi, ua ukuia a hiki i ka lanakila o ka Lūkini pūʻali kaua e paku ana i ke awa o Petropavlovsk ma Kamchatka i ka inoa o ka "Petropavlovsk".

Battleship "Petropavlovsk" i hoomaka ai e kūkulu i ka March 19, 1892, a me kona oihana kau i wahi ma May 7 i loko o St. Petersburg. Ua Ua hele ia e ka Emperor Alexander III. Ma hope wale nō elua, a me ka hapalua makahiki, oia hoi 28 October 1894, ka mea i kuu iho la i loko o ka wai. armadillo e ho'āʻo ai i wahi ma ka pauʻana o nā makahiki 1897 a me ka hoʻomaka o 1899 Ma hope o ka moku ua loa ana i hoʻolako pono me ka pono i na mea kaua, hele aku la ia ma o kona holo mua i ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, kahi ia i hōʻike ai kona maikaʻi seaworthiness. I mau, armadillo "Petropavlovsk" i ia manawa i huli like hoʻi-makaukau moku kaua me keʻano kiʻekiʻe i kā mākou māmā 16,86 knots.

Battleship "Petropavlovsk": hōʻike o ka manao

Keia moku, e like me nā armadillos 'ano "Poltava", i kekahiʻano hana kino kinona: ka papa hoʻonoho ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE kāhiko, e like me ka mea i littered maloko. Kēia hiʻona o ka hapanui typical no Palani moku. Ua 'ae' nunui hoomama i ke kaumaha o ka hauna o luna o ka wai. Ka lōʻihi o ka waterline ua 112,5 m, i ka laula o - 21,3 ka m, he sediment e lawe ana - 8,6 m.

Ka moku i ua hoʻokōʻia eʻai, a ekoluʻoneki: o ka luna, ka papa, a me ka o na pu ki, a me lalo. Ka hale noho, he pololei ka anei, a me ka hipa kāne, nei iluna e 2 m. It Ua kākoʻoʻia shpironom mawaho, a ma loko o ka mea e kahiko ai, iluna no. Ka moku, he ekolu mau kia: grot- a me ka foremast, like hoʻi me hoʻokomo ea, Aia ma waena o nā nanaina hookae elua. Ka hope o ia i lalo,, i mea no ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o keia moku (e nānā. Photo o ka battleship "Petropavlovsk").

hoʻokoe

Ma keia manao, o ka moku 'aʻole i oko mai o nā moku' ē aʻe o ka ia papa. He ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kapa kila kāʻei kiekie o 2,29 m + a me ka lōʻihi o ka 73,15 mika, a i aia ma ka waterline, ka poe i malama ieoaeunoai, hana a me lalo turrets. Ka mea, ua ma kahi o 65% o ka heluna kino lōʻihi. mānoanoa o ka mea kaua i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka moku me ka nui loaʻokoʻa. No laila, i ka piko o ka moku ua palekana ma ke kapa kila i ka 406 mm o, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE ke ahi me ka hale kiaʻi i hoʻolako pono me 305-mm o papa.

Ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE kapa kila kāʻei uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka caliber o ka papa kuhikuhiE hale kiaʻi. Kona mānoanoa ua 127 mm o, ke kiekie - 2,29 m, a me ka lōʻihi -. About 50 m + Eia kekahi, ua ikaika no hoi i ka hale kiaʻi, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE ahi barbettes kaua 254 mm o ka mānoanoa, a me ka awelika - 127-mm o papa. Akā, eha 152-mm o pū, a i ole i kekahi hoomalu, ma ka hou ana i ka maʻamauʻaoʻao plating.

mea kaua

Armadillo caliber pū ka papa kuhikuhiE poe eha pū i ke aupuni 'o hui ma ka hope, a kūlou i hale kiaʻi. Lākou kuapo a vertical ala hele alakaʻi hana e neaa, a me ka ammunition hānai - ma ka mea o ka pou actuators. Medium-caliber pūkuniahi oia o ka umikumamalua pu Kane, ewalu o ka poʻe i loko o ka mau-pu turrets, a me ke koena i kau ma waena o lākou.

Mine mea kaua i na poe e 38 pūkuniahi Hotchkiss, a ua hoopuehuia ma o ka ?? eoi? O ka moku. Makaukau kīmopō Baranowski, he mau pū nunui. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kulana, ka mea hiki ke hoʻouka kekahi a elua ma ka huila, a kolamu puke-ka holopono 'ma kaa.

Russian-Japanese kaua

I ka po, January 27, 1904 i ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" me ke koena o na moku e e i ka Pacific Squadron, ua ma luna o ke kaua kokoke i Port Arthur. Koke i hooukaia mai e Japanese poʻe luku aku, a ki ma ia 16 torpedoes ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. E like me ka mea huli mai, i ka squadron ua loa makaukau no keia huli o ka hanana a me ka ua,ʻaʻole hiki iā kuleʻa repel i ka enemi.

Ma ka hilahila o ka hookuku kaua, moe i loko o ka mea i Adimarala hunaahi hiki i manaoio i ke kaua me ka Japanese, a kokoke i ka hora kauoha e hoolilo lepa, mai ka moku lawe hae "Petropavlovsk" me ke koi mai e wehe i ke ahi. A i keia manawa i ka enemi torpedo i e kikeke mai i ka Lūkini cruiser "Pallada" a me armadillos "Retvizan" a me ka "Crown Prince".

Ma ke kakahiaka, i ke Kepani ka papa ikaika oia hoi o eiwa cruisers, a me battleships eono, a komo pū moku a me Adimarala Togo H., i waho ma kahi o Port Arthur. Lakou hana i ka enemi me ka Lūkini squadron, a mau ae la ia i oi aku mamua o 40 minuke. Ma hope o ia, no ka Japanese aku la lakou. Kēia kaua 'Aʻole e lawe nui hopena o kekahi o ka kaua aoao, eia nae kekahi mau moku a me kaʻino. Mawaena o lakou ua a me ka battleship "Petropavlovsk". Ua na aina he mau pūpū, akā, ka mea, i ole i me ka lilo nui, no laila, i ole pili i ka hakakā ioeaie o ka moku.

Ka hou luna o ka squadron,

I ka lā i kakahiaka nui o ka kaua like me ka hopena o ka naʻaupō ai alakaʻi o Adimarala hunaahi Lūkini'auwaʻa lilo mau o ko lākou mau moku. Ma hope o kona manawa i kona resignation i squadron luna koa Hope-Adimarala S. O. Makarova, ka mea i hiki mai ana ma Port Arthur i ka pau ana o Pepeluali 1904 i hoala ae i ka hae ma ka mua cruiser "Askold", a laila laila 'ia i ka battleship "Petropavlovsk".

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana o ka malama i ka moku ma lalo o ke kauoha o S. O. Makarova mau manawa hele aku la i ke kai, e hana mai i kekahi kumumanao o amiʻoihana kaʻa. Ma kekahi o kēia mau lā ma waena o Japanese a me ka Russian squadronʻehu ana, elua no hora, naʻe, ma muli o ka oi nui mamao lele i ole hiki i ka pale kaua, a hāʻule i loko o ka wai. Wale kekahi manawa he volley mai o ka moku "A ia la aku", ma ka moku o ka a ua lōʻihi-huahelu pū, e hoʻokele i ka pōʻinoʻia ka enemi battleship "Fuji".

hana maalea

Japanese Adimarala Togo H. nui i kekahi kumumanao i ka hihia i ka Lūkini'auwaʻa i loko o ke awa o Port Arthur ma-ahi-moku. Ke pā like o kona manao i ka mālie kukulu iho la lakou i ka minefield, a laila lure ia pololei Lūkini squadron, ka maunu ua ia e ka pa alima, iloko olaila no kekahi mau cruisers.

Ua manao i lawe mai i ka po, 31 March. Mau moku Lūkini kikokiko Japanese paukū, akā, i i hoouka ia ia. Ka mea, i ia no kā lākou mau mea i'ānai ai i hoouna S. O. Makarovym ma patrol i ka pō i loko o Elliot Island wahi. Mahope o na moku elua i loko o ke kai - "hope" a me ka "koa" - somehow pakele, mai ka papa kuhikuhiE noiʻi, a laila māheleʻia, a ua hoomaka ae la a pau, e hana kū kaʻawale. Hope a hiki i ka mea makemake mokupuni, a aole nae i loaa i ka enemi ma keia wahi, eono Lūkini poʻe luku aku hoi i Port Arthur. Ma hope mai ia "weliweli" ma o ka pouli, i kekahi Kepani poe no kona, a hui aku la ia ia. Akā, i ka wa kakahiaka, hiki maila, a me ka Lūkini i anai ai i loaa ma ka enemi, oia i koke pepehi wale. Iloko o ka manawa pōkole kaua, oia i ku a haule. E kōkua i hoouna aku ia ia i ka cruiser "moʻolelo", ka mea e hoʻokele e hoola wale i kekahi mau luina.

I ka make ana o ka battleship "Petropavlovsk"

Mai kali no ka mea a pau squadron a kauoha i ke trawl kaua S. O. Makarov ma ka battleship pu e "Poltava" a me ka eha'ē aʻe cruisers i ke kakahiaka, hele aku i ke kahua o ke alahula "weliweli" mea make. Kēia manawaʻo ia e hoʻokele me kekahi pilikia, e circumvent i kaʻenemi minefield. I kēia manawa ma luna o ka moana ikea kekahi mau Kepani cruisers, a no ka "Petropavlovsk" weheia ke ahi. Ka enemi hoomaka ae la e auhee aku ai i ka hikina, akā koke i kona kōkuaʻana mai o kona papa koa. Ka ike ana keia, o ka moku Lūkini huli i Port Arthur. No ka elua o ka battleship hui ma ke ala ia ia - "Peresvet" a me "A ia la aku". Ma hope iho o ia, S. O. Makarov hoʻoholo hou e neʻe pili i ka enemi, a poai puni i pololei i ka pōkā pahū i ka Japanese paena.

At 9 HR. 43 min. March 31, 1904 ma ka huli ana o ka moku "Petropavlovsk" me kona starboard Naita. He hana ino iki mai i kona ihu hale kiaʻi o ka papa kuhikuhiE ahi, no laila, i detonated ammunition. Naita me ia i ka mana i i kiola ia ke lele ihu 305-mm o Tora, lāʻau malumalu a me ka nanaina hookae. Eia hou, ua he'opi o ka foremast, a pau loa ia i luku ai i ka kaʻa, a me ka luna na alahaka. Battleship lohi submerge kona kakaka, a me ka koke hekili ia, a me ka hope ikaika Naita me - ka puhi i ieoaeunoai. Ma hope o ia, o ka moku wawahi iho i elua a me ka holo koke akula nō ma lalo o ka wai.

waiwai

Moku, a i hoounaia mai e hoʻopakele pakele, hiki ke lawe i wale ma kahi o 80 kanaka. Me lakou pu o ka luna HI Yakovlev a me ka hoahānau o Rotehama II, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich. Akā, S. O. Makarov he umi a me na ilamuku umikumamawalu-unahiʻole, i moku ka i make. Ka Naita me ia i koi i ke ola o ka oi ma mua o eono haneri luina. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i loaʻa ia ma luna o ka moku i ka manawa ua, a me VV Vereshchagin - ike artist, ka poe i make ma ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" me ke koena o ka luina. Kona 'oihana i ia e sketches iloko o ke kai eʻe, a laila, makemake e pono no ka kākau wā e hiki mai nā kiʻi.

I ka Naita o ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" i ka loa adverse hopena e loli ana i ka hakakā hana ma ka Pacific Squadron. 'Aʻole wale nō i ka moku nalowale kekahi o ka maikaʻi battleships, no lailaʻo ia i lilo, a me ka loea hoʻokuhikuhi a me ke poo o ka pale o Port Arthur - Adimarala S. O. Makarova, a ua nui aloha, a ua mahaloia ma kona mau subordinates. He i ole i hiki ke 'imi i ka like hope a hiki i ka hopena o ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua. It no laila, hiki i ka hoike ana i ka make ana o ka battleship ua he lunaʻenehana a me ka inventor MP plaque. Kēia hanana, a haawi aku la ia ia i ka manao e hana i na i kekahi mahele o ka moku, e like me ka papa anuʻu loa kai i koʻu papa.

paʻa

I ka pau ana o Iune 1913 ma ka alo o Emperor Rotehama II ma Kronstadt inaugurated ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no S. O. Makarovu. I ka mea kākau o kēia papahana o ka sculptor L. V. Shervud, ka poe i depicted ma ka pedestal o ka make ana o ka battleship "Petropavlovsk". Ma ka 100th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka pōʻino ma St. Petersburg i hoʻokūpaʻa plaque, i depicted i nā inoa o nā mea a pau 635 mau lala o ka luina o keia moku. Eia kekahi, ma o ka Capella launa pu. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa ma ka moana luakini mea e ola ai ma ka wai i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo keleawe una honua. A no ka poe hoihoi i loko o nā moku, i ka manawa e 'ona lima e hana i kekahi battleship "Petropavlovsk", i hiki ke hoopuni i loaʻa i ka ho ma ka hana kūikawā waiwai.

huli

I ka hopena o 2011, he ami Lūkini-Chinese huli huakaʻi, kona manao ua e hookupaa nui ae i ka kūlike loa wahi o ka moku kaulana o ka make i hoʻokumuʻia. I ka huli 'ana no ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" paʻa i loko o Kina i loko o ka wahi o Lushun (mamua Port Arthur). Nā lālā o ka huakaʻi i loko o ka Yellow Sea i loaa ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e kū'ē i ka i ka lōʻihi, a me ka laula o kahi o 90 a hiki i 13 m. Ka poe akamai i kamaʻilioʻana i ka manaʻo i kēia mea i ka wreck i ka battleship "Petropavlovsk" Lūkini-Japanese kaua. Ma ka lalo o kekahi o nā 'ikamu i loaʻa i hiki hoopaa i kēia conjecture, akā, no laila, hiki lakou i ua i lawe mai ai i ka ili honua.