Bus "Ikarus 280": oaoieei-hoakaka a me nā kiʻi

momoku ahi nā kaʻa'ōhua "Ikarus" oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka kenekulia lawe ana ohua i kakahiaka nui me ia ma ka Soviet Union, a me ka manawa o ka mua Soviet Union. I Soviet manawa, ua hāʻawiʻia mai he Hunakalia Hookah o 143.000 nā kaʻa'ōhua mau ka hoʻololi 'ana. Kekahi o ka loa Popular Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, aole nae i ka mea nui i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka lako, o ke kaʻa'ōhua "Ikarus 280".

A wahi o na moʻolelo

Ka loa kaulana i loko o ka 60s o ka hope kenekulia, he ka "Ikarus Lux", a uaʻano nui lawe mai lōʻihi-mamao kekahi kaʻao.

Ka mua ami ho (i ka ai-kapaia "accordion") "Ikarus 180" i haawiia i ka USSR i loko o 'Okakopa, 1968 kēia nā kaʻa'ōhua hiki ke ike ma ka kulanakauhale o? Ooia no aneane umikumamalima makahiki.

Ma ka hopena o hoomaka 60s e paka Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka hopena ua haneri elua. Ka mea, oko ao kumu i loko o ia mau lā, angular kino kaila. No ka mea Europa kuai ana o ke kino i ma kaʻa MAN, Scania, Volvo. he Ma keia moʻo o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike he nui, akā, me ka Soviet Union lako nā kaʻa'ōhua Ke Ana Hoʻohālike 260, 263, 280 a me 283 a me ka loihi loa - 250, 255 a me 256. Na City nā kaʻa'ōhua ua pau pouli melemele, no ka mea, o ka hola pena i aponoia e ka Hookah no ka USSR, hope ia Rusia - "Ikarus 280" keʻokeʻo-ula kükohu (e nānā ma lalo Hawaii photo.). Ma Poland lakoʻulaʻula, Germany - keʻokeʻo me ka alani alo a me ka hope o nā puka, a ma Hungary - uliuli me ka poʻo hale a me nā pani puka.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hola o ka ahakanaka "Ikarus" i hōkaiʻia, akā, i ka mua Soviet Union hana mau ana o ka Hunakalia kaʻa'ōhua e hele mai ana ia i kaʻaha kanaka laina ma ka hope kenekulia.

kükohu mōʻaukala

I ka 1973 hoomaka ae la oia "Ikarus 280" kaʻa 'ohua kala. Model i oi aku mamua o ke kanalima ka hoʻololi 'ana, a ua hele aku i loko o ka makahiki 1993 mai nā kaʻa'ōhua o keia kükohu i loko o ka Socialist aina, a me ka Apana World e holo ana i Cuba, mai ka hoʻopau' ana i ke keʻena. Nā kaʻa'ōhua, a i kuu ma Iran, henua 'ē aʻe, a me ka helu o nā puka, a me Kuwait - i ke alo o ka lewa meaʻano kaulaʻi.

No ka mea, ua ole i kumu hoʻohālike kiko'ī a nā kaʻa'ōhua ma Rusia, i ka 1994, hoomaka ae la na nā kaʻa'ōhua, e hōʻiliʻili i ka Moscow kanu "Tushino-Auto". Noho hoʻomaka 'ana me ka mea hoʻonoho o ka noho a me DIY kokoke nā kaʻa'ōhua, akā, i ka 1996, ua hookuu ia "Ikarus 280.33M" Moscow hae keʻokeʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ee Tushino hola i ka huli ana o ka hou kenekulia hoʻololi ' "Ikarus 280.33M2" hana ma luna o ke kinoea. Ke kala ana o kēia mau nā kaʻa'ōhua nōʻoe, i ka makahiki 2002.

Description kaulana oeia kŘkohu

"Ikarus 280" - kiko'ī a kaʻa 'ohua, a mahuahua nui ohua nona iho, me ka ikaika engine, papahana no ka densely na kanaka] nui kulanakauhale. Akea e hooholo ia hiki wale hoʻoneʻe ma ke kāpena. Ma ka Soviet Union, a ma hope Rusia i lako me ka hoʻololi 'ana loa hookaawale, mai ka ohua pahu a me ka Keaukaha ka kaba ekolu-lalani hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha no ka mea hookahi kalaka nui-pahee noho. Nui pūnaewele āpana ma ke alo o ka hope puka ae, e kau ma luna o laila i ka hailona o ka ohua, mai i ālai ia 'aʻe i loko o ka hooholo ia. Ohua pahu hoʻokomo ea i hoakaka ia ma ka palena hatches me ka laholio sila, a holo pololei mai ma ka hapaha, a laila, ka hapalua o kaʻaoʻao puka aniani.

Ke Keaukaha Ua lako pono me ke kiʻekiʻe e noho hoʻopuni ana i nā hana i ka hooponopono ole wale ma ka kiʻekiʻe, backrest a me ka cushion, akā, no hoi ma ka Keaukaha ka hoʻokauʻana.

Mea hoʻololi pa alima ma ka dashboard ma ka hema, a me ka pono, he eha tumblers e wehe i ka papalua puka o ke kaʻa'ōhua. Pālua nā paukūʻolokaʻa ae e wehe i nā halves o ka puka i ka ia manawa. Ma ke kakahiaka ana hoʻohālike he bulkhead puka, a ma hope - popoiwi. Inā ke kulanakauhale nā kaʻa'ōhua ua he eha-puka, ma na wahi e pili ana, kahi ohua i lawe mai emi pinepine, ka mea, ua mau no ia, i loko o ke kāpena o ke kaʻa kauō, a me ka trailer.

Pono a me ka keakea

"Ikarus 280" kaʻa 'ohua kükohu i kekahi unpretentiousness, pono hakuloli i ka pilikia? Aneie keia, kiʻekiʻe ohua nona iho a me ka' oluʻolu Kalaiainaʻia. Poe hana o ka pae'ōnaehana ka hoʻonohonohoʻia nei ka mea, i ole keia manawa, ua hookupaaia kaʻa 'ohua hou ike loea, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka oluolu i ka hana.

No ka mea "Icarus" ua wehewehe aku ma ke kiʻekiʻe papakü wahi, nae, i laumania ma ka lōʻihi a pau, me kaʻanuʻu a me ramps, a me nā kapuwaʻi o ka ohua puka, 'aʻole hoʻi ia i ka ukana a me ka unloading o ka ohua. Keia manao hiʻona ua manaoia e ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE keakea o ke kulanakauhale oeia.

Ke keakea ana o keia kükohu ua noʻonoʻo, a me ka Kalaiaina manao o ka paio hahana maoli nō nenoaiu. I ka hooilo, i ke kua i nā kuokoa iaia? Aaaoaeuiuo "Sirocco", i ua 'Imi i hoopauia kakolina diesel i wahie i ke Keena Kalaiaina. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e hoola wahie, O Keaukaha mai e huli ma ka iaia? Aaaoaeuiuo, a ma ke kāpena o ke kaʻa'ōhua ua anu.

Ua hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka hewa a me ka nawaliwali Anati-ka popopo lapaau o ke kino, eia nae na haku polokalamu i olelo lealea o ka hoʻoneʻe lifespan no kā lākou mau machines no ka oi ma mua o iwakalua makahiki, a me ka "Ikarus 280" kŘkohu.

Kōmike 'ano o ka kükohu

No ka mea, a pau ka manawa? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā kaʻa'ōhua 280th kükohu o ka ma paʻi gearbox koe, i alakai i ka hope huila o ke kaʻa kauō, a me ka trailer paepae komo huila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka lōʻihi kiko'ī a nā kaʻa'ōhua maikai loa maneuverability. Laholio wehe oihana mua i ea cushions. Kaʻa kauō a me ka trailer i pili ma ke ami ami articulation. Ke kāpena o na huila trailer kōmike hoʻokele hooponopono koʻokoʻo iloko olaila o nā panina wahi turntable.

Ka Hawaii i ua pela papahana no nā kaʻa'ōhua, i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha a ua hoakaka no ka papamoe nā paukūʻolokaʻa. Pake, i ma ka German laikini poe MAN, hoʻololi a me ka maemae ma ka e like me na olelo o? Aneeo maluhia. No ka mea, ua aia ma lalo o ka papahele, na fumes a no ka maluhiluhi i loko o ke kāpena i i haule iho.

Ke wawahi'ōnaehana i ua pela papahana no ka kalepa maluhia i loko o hoʻokiwikā hana kūpono. I ka i? Iaie? Wawahi iho la i ua hui me ka papaʻa wawahi kahua. Pake retarder lawelawe 'ana me he kākoʻo wawahi iho. Ka coldest manawa o ka'ōnaehana palekana mai ke kūpaleʻana hapa-hano o ka waiʻona preservative.

Ka wahie pahu ua papahana no 260 nā lika o ke kakolina diesel wahie. Ke AEeAaOA ka loaʻa o ka piha AEeAaOA o ka palapala, i kōkua ai i nā ole wale no ka hana, aka, i ke kapili ana o nā kaʻa'ōhua.

Nāʻana'ōnaehana mea nāna

No ka pono, ka mea kaʻa'ōhua hana ka mea nui i komo i ka EYI, a me ka engine mea hiki Via ka puapua ma kaʻaoʻao hema a me ka hana oaoieei-hatches i loko o ke kāpena kahua hahi.

Manual EYI, e hiki, a me ka OOAOAaXUEE oaoieei-pāʻoihana, akā, i loko o ka hoʻokiwikā hooilo (i loko o Rusia mea ole e emi malalo o eha mahina o ka makahiki), hau a me kana olelo hoopomaikai hau wale ka mea kōkua i ke Keaukaha e downshift e lawe mai i ke kaumaha kaʻa ma luna o ka pahee alapiʻi. O Keaukaha "Ikarus" hoolea i ka lālau hehi wāwae, a me ka mākaukau naeaeaaʻano papa hana i ka hana nui kaʻoi loa, no ka mea i loko o kēia kumu hoʻohālike o ka holo koʻokoʻo o ke kapa loli - mea he mana kumu, i ka uwea like ana ma hope ana hoʻohālike.

Ka mamao ma waena o kaʻaoʻao mawah ma ka turntable, a me nā'ūpā makani lāʻau malumalu "bunching" pinepine Hoʻokē akula ka Keaukaha, e kiʻi i ka hāʻule i pili o ka ohua, kaʻa 'ohua aɃe e hoohaunaele ana i ka turntable poi.

Ma ke anu ka hooilo, i loko o nā nā kaʻa'ōhua, ohumu ohua e pili ana i na manawa a pau, akā, ka mea, ua he nīnau,ʻaʻole no ka nui o ka paio hahana maoli nō'ōnaehana manao, pehea ka nui o wahie makauliʻi. Repairers manaʻo i hou hookuu aku oia i 'Icarus 280 "i umu wela ino no i ia wā ma ka manao, no ka mea, o ka lohi ae loli mai ke anuanu maila'ōnaehana a hiki i ka umu i ka lua o ka thermostat i ua luna no ka huli ana i ka mea mua panel.

A pńlńki ÷ o ke kaʻa'ōhua

"Ikarus" - like me ka hiʻona'āina i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kaʻa'ōhua ohua amo, a kāpae'ōlelo ka mea hiki ole i ike i ka Lūkiniʻeliʻana classicbus, i produces collectible Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka kaa. I kēia manawa, i ka poʻe i na oi aku mamua o kanakolu Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o nā kaʻa'ōhua ole wale na wahi lulu popilikia ulia kaʻa hana, akā, i ka loa pono-ikeia Manufacturers. I ka 2011, i ka ohi kükohu "Ikarus 280" (1:43) Ua, ua hookuu. Ke prototype mea he kaʻa'ōhua kahe o 1994-1996.

Ke kino kükohu ua i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ocher kala like 'ole, Kalaiaina - ea. E hoakoakoa i ka huahana Ana 385h58h74 mm o, a he kaupaona o 0,9 kg Ua koi 'ia 180 māhele. Holo hilo - i ka huina o ekolu tausani apana.

Trolley mark "Ikarus"

I 1975-77 ma ke kumu o ke kaʻa'ōhua a pau ma ka "Ikarus" a me ka Pukapeka lawe aku Company i kūkuluʻia he kanahiku-ehiku kiko'ī a trolley nā kaʻa'ōhua me ka uila lako a decommissioned Soviet trolleybuses kanu ia. Uritsky. A laila, ma hope o 1977 kekahi mau kahu moku, trolley me ka lako a pan, mai kekahi punawai-ikeia Manufacturers i ua hoʻokumu. Sea o na hoao ana o ka machines i wahi i nui na kulanakauhale ma Europa, a North America. Mai ka makahiki 1985 a hiki i 1992. Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma kahi o ekolu haneri trolley nā kaʻa'ōhua "Ikarus 280 'ole" me Ganz uila no lako a pan no na wahi lulu kuai, ka Kelemānia aupuni Repubalika a me Pulakalia.

Ma ka Soviet Union trolley "Icarus" ua i kauoha aku hoʻouna ma ka moku. I ka pau ana o ka hope kenekulia ma Chelyabinsk kaʻi aku ohua e pili ana i mau kakini o ia kaa kuai lilo mai i loko o East Germany.

Ma Moscow, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o trolleybuses "SVARZ-Ikarus" nā kaʻa'ōhua i hoʻohana debited kino. Uila lako a pan no lākou manufacturing mea kanu "Dynamo". he trolley ma ka "Ikarus 280" Tushino hola i loko o ka hope i hookuu no hoi.

Similar hoohuliiaʻe trolley nā kaʻa'ōhua i hua mai ma Poland, Pulakalia a me North Korea.

Aole anei i ka loa nui milestone i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka lehulehu amo i loko o Rusia kiko'ī a nā kaʻa'ōhua "Ikarus 280" e manaoia e e aneane. Ka mea, he kanakolu makahiki i lako i ka Soviet Union, a ma hope ma Rusia, a me ka oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka keneturia e lawe ohua.