Chlorine'okesaside

Oxides a oxides o kekahi mau oihana mua kapa hui me ka oxygen. Aneane pau na kumu mua kuahene ia i huiʻia. Chloro, e like me nā halogens, wehewehe aku i loko o ia mau hui maikaʻi'okesaside moku'āina. All chlorine oxides i loa ka poe waiwai, i mea ano no na oxides o halogens. Lau ike waiwai nona nā lātoma iloko chlorine a me ka oxygen.

1. Gaseous i huiia mai yellow e ike nae ano me ke anoʻala (ala reminiscent Cl2 kinoea) - chlorine'okesaside (I). Nine haʻilula Cl2O. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ka hua 116 ° C, nā kapuahi e wela + 2 ° C. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, kona pa apŘ Ua like ia 3,22 kg / m³.
2. Yellow a 'alani-yellow kinoea me ke ano ala - chlorine'okesaside (IV). Nine haʻilula ClO2. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi hua 59 ° C, ka baila aʻela i wahi hua hoʻohui 11 ° C.
3. Ka ula-eleele wai - chlorine'okesaside (VI). Nine haʻilula Cl2O6. Heheʻe wahi hua hoʻohui 3,5 ° C, ka baila aʻela i wahi hua hoʻohui 203 ° C.
4. Colorless oily wai - chlorine'okesaside (VII). Nine haʻilula Cl2O7. Heheʻe wahi hua 91,5 ° C, ka baila aʻela i wahi hua hoʻohui 80 ° C.

'okesaside chlorine'okesaside moku'āina +1 anhydride mea nawaliwali monobasic hypochlorousʻakika (HClO). Hoomakaukau ma ke ano o kona Peluso mercuric'okesaside ma ka naoh me ka chlorine kinoea e like me kekahi o ka naoh nā helu kaulike: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 a 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. kahe ana na kumu o kēia mauʻano reactions. Chlorine'okesaside (I) ua Punk i ka wela o ka hua 60 ° C no ka mea, i kiekie ae mahana ia decomposes explosively, a ma ke kiaʻana i kāna palapala o ka pahū. Cl2O koʻana koko pāʻoihana i loaa ma ka chlorination i loko o ka wai a me ka mekala 'åkilikai carbonates,'ākilikai honua ke hooheheeia. 'okesaside hoike mai i pono i loko o ka wai, ai ka hypochlorousʻakika ua hana: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. A eia hoi, ka mea, ua kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ma muli o carbon tetrachloride.

'okesaside chlorine'okesaside moku'āina +4 ole ike'okikene lua. Keia mea i mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai, a me ka sulfuric acetic nāʻakika, acetonitrile, kalapona tetrachloride, a me ka 'ē aʻe ke aloha nā'uheheʻe me ka hoʻoulu polarity i maoli kona solubility. Ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ka mea, ua hoomakaukauia ia e reacting potasiuma chlorate me oxalicʻakika: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Mai chlorine'okesaside (IV) o kekahi mea pahū waiwai, ka mea hiki ole ke waiho waho ma ka pāʻoihana. No keia mea, ka silica i ua hoʻohana ', ma luna o kona ili i ka adsorbed ano ClO2 hiki ke waiho waho no ka lōʻihi manawa, oiai hikiʻole e pakele o contaminating kona chlorine impurities, no ka mea, ua ole ke kemu ma ka silica i tuko pīlali. Ma hanalima kumu ClO2 hoomakaukau ia e ka ho'ēmiʻana me ka sulfur dioxide i loko o ke alo o sulfuricʻakika, paʻakai chlorate: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. Ua hoʻohana like me ka Hekikai, e laʻa me, pepa a kelulose, etc., e like me ka sterilizing a disinfecting like mea.

'okesaside chlorine'okesaside moku'āina +6, ia decomposes e like me ka naoh helu kaulike ma luna o ka heheʻe: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Hoomakaukau chlorine'okesaside (VI) oxidizing ka'okikene kolu'okikene lua. 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. Kēia'okesaside He hiki no reacting me ka'ākilikai pāʻoihana a me ka wai. Ma keia hihia he disproportionation naoh ana. No ka laʻana, ma ka naoh me ka potasiuma hydroxide: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, i ka hopena loaa chlorate a me ka potasiuma perchlorate.

Higher'okesaside chlorine i kapaia dihlorogeptaoksid chlorine a anhydride mea he ikaika oxidant. He hiki no ke kui a explode ka wā enaena. Naʻe, i kēia waiwai Ua oi eii? Ma mua o ka oxides i loko o ka'okesaside moku'āina +1 a me +4. Disintegration mea e chlorine a me ka oxygen ma ua hōʻeleu i ma ke alo o lalo oxides a me ka mahana pii mai ka 60 a hiki i 70 ° C. Chlorine'okesaside (VII) hiki o ka lohi wailana i ka wai huihui, ka kūpono naoh produces chloricʻakika: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid hoomakaukau e mālie paio hahana maoli nō perchloricʻakika me phosphoric anhydride: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. i hiki ke loaa Cl2O7 hoʻohana oleum kahi o ka phosphorus pentoxide.

Pauku'okanikaʻole kemika, i Haʻawina halogen oxides, me oxides, chlorine, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala hoʻomaka koke i loko o nā makahiki, mai kēia mau hui i ikehu mālama nui. e hiki ke combustors lakou mokulele hēkī hoolilo ikehu instantaneously, a ma Nine Inch papa kumu mämä holo o kona recoil i ke lāʻau. Kekahi kumu no ka hoihoi - o ka manawa kūpono o ka synthesizing hou pūʻulu o'okanikaʻole i huiʻia, e laʻa me, chlorine'okesaside (VII) o ka hiki ana o perchlorates.