Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin): ano, mōʻaukala a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku ma Moscowʻikeʻia i loko o ke au o Lūkini mōʻaukala, ka wā Orthodox Kristiano hoʻololi i ka iho, kuokoa o Byzantium? Acaeoey. E hookokoke aku ana i ka hopena o kou pihoihoi, manawa, a hoomaka ae la ka aina i ka hou, a no kona mōʻaukala.

kaao ana

Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin) i hoolaaia ma ka mea o ka mua Lūkini Orthodox Church, Kauhalenui Jonah ma 1451 ma ka hoomanao ana i ka hana mana hanaia. Keia makahiki, ku kokoke Moscow wahi e pili ana i ka Tartar mau poe a pau Mazowsze ua ai mamua iho nei ma ke ahi, a me nā paia o ka Kremlin precipitated ma kaʻenemi poʻe kaua. Kupa i i kūlana pale kulana, kaua i kokoke hakakāʻana, haule iho la ia ma lalo o nā pua o kaʻenemi. Oiai ua he kaua, Kauhalenui Jonah i ka huakaʻi a puni ke kulanakauhale paia, ikaika e noi ana no ke ola o Moscow mai komohewa.

Wahi a ke kaʻao, iloko o ka pule Jonah Halawai ascetic Chudov hoailona Anthony, a noi aku la ia ia, e pule no ke kulanakauhale, a me na noho o ka mea i ke kanaka kahiko, pane mea kupaianaha iaʻi mālama Moscow, a e ia i loko o kēia kaua wale kekahi pepehi - Antony ia ia iho. He mau la i, ke kanaka elemakule koke hāʻule houia e ka pua. Ma ke ahiahi, i ka poʻe komohewa aku la lakou, mai ka pā, a me nā kupa, a me ka Kauhalenui pule a pau ka po, e hoomakaukau ana no ke kuleana kaua. I ka wanaʻao, e huli mai i ka Tatar mau poʻe a pau i loko o ka naholo kiki holo i ke kahua kaua, e waiho ana me nā mea a pau i ka loot.

ua i ke kumu no ka lele aha - ka ike ole ia, kńnaka manaoio i ka Mazovia loaa i kekahi 'ike ma luna i ka mea hoʻoholo i ka kaua mea lapuwale, a me ka paha i lanakila irrational ka makau i ka poe kaua a pau ia, a, haalele i ko lakou waiwai pio, haalele aku la lakou, mai ke kaua a puni. Kēia mea i mua i hiki mai ai ma lalo o ka Kremlin paia me ka poe koa o Batu Khan. Kauhalenui Iona manaʻo i ka mana o ke Akua i hoopakele mai i ke kulanakauhale a me ka aina e, mai luku a me ka pepehi kanaka.

Ka moe uhane ana o ka ekalesia pohaku

E like me ia i kekahi mau palapala, o ka Kauhalenui pa ma ka Kremlin ka Hale Pule Nui Square Ua kūkuluʻia ka lōʻihi manawa. I ka makahiki o ke kaua o Mazovia ekalesia i mua, ua kūkuluʻia, akā,ʻaʻole i hoʻolaʻaʻia. Ma hope o ka mea kupaianaha loa hoʻopakeleʻana o Iona hoʻoholo ihola e hoolaa i ka luakini i ka hanohano o ka Holiday, a i hoolaia. Keia mea ana i ka Ekalesia o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin). Ka hale mua i i ka lāʻau, a ku iho la ma ka hale ilalo kiʻekiʻe, kahi, e like me ke kahiko mau ia, mālama i ka waihona kālā Kauhalenui a me nā mau waiwai.

ku Temple a 1479 a me ka make ma ke ahi, he nui. Mākou hoʻoholo ihola e hoola i ke ahu o ia i loko o ka pōhaku incarnation, i kono haku, mai Pskov, a ua ulu a me ka mooolelo o ka pōhaku kūkulu. Nā koa i alakaʻiʻia e Ivan Krivtsov a me Myshkin. Tradition o ke kūkulu pohaku hale ma ia manawa i loko o Rusia i deteriorated ma hope o nā kenekulia o domination o ka Mongols - wale i loaʻa i loko o Pskov haku.

Ka mea, i kauoha ia e kūkulu i wale i ka luakini o palapala moʻopane o ka holokū i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui Square o ka Moscow Kremlin, akā, e kūkulu i kekahi mau cathedrals nui nui me ka unahiʻole. Kekahi o ia mau mea, no ka mea mahuʻi, haawi aku la lakou, akā, hahau iho la i ka hale. Ma nāʻoihana ka mea, ua haiia mai ia "he ua he coward nui," i alakai aku ai i ka make ana, e mea i maopopo. Kauoha ae la ia e ka poe akamai i hai mai i ke kumu no ka mea, ua ano haʻahaʻa a i kākoʻo pāʻoihana ua pili i ke kūkuluʻia, e like me ka loiloi 'ana ua pololei, mōʻaukala mea hāmau.

Pskov Trail

A ka mea, hiki mai i kena ae la i ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui i kukulu ia e Tsar Ivan III ka Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Aristotle Fioravanti, a me ka mea hou hana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble nōʻaʻa e mai i pono ai Myshkin a me Krivtsov.

Ua hoʻomāhuahuaʻoe i kā lākou mau hana i ka Annunciation Hale Pule Nui, a me ka Ekalesia o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin), a lilo iho la ia i ka hale ekalesia o Russian makualii. Ua Ua manaoio ia Pskov mau haku, e like me ke kānāwai o kona manawa, lilo haumana o Italian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone a me ka aie, mai a pau o ka ike, ua hoʻopālua kā lākou mau ukana. Like maoli hiki - mea ike ole ia, he mea wale nō ke kamaʻilio, no ke aha la paahana haʻalele hoʻopaʻiʻia, a me ka hoi e kukulu i kauohaia mai ai, akā, i ka moʻolelo i ke kino.

Temple no palapala moʻopane o ka holokū o ka Moscow Kremlin i hoʻolaʻa ai i loko o August 1486. House-halepule i kekahi wahi o ka pule o na makua'lii ia i na papa o ka ecclesiastical noho aliʻi ma ka makua'lii, Nikon. I ia mau lā ka mea i kapaia "ka hale Vladychnaya" na mahele ma ka mea i pili i ka patriarchal hale ma waho, i loaa i ka "ordination o" haku o ka Ekalesia mai ai i na kanaka ma ka canopy o ka Kremlin Rizopolozhensky ekalesia.

luakini pena

E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o na hale a o ka Kremlin Hale Pule Nui Square ekalesia i koe i keia la nana moku a me ka Lightweight, akā, i ka hoʻomaka o Orthodoxy i loko o Rusia, oia ua paha o ka ekalesia ka papa kuhikuhi o ka pau aina. Ke Keena Kalaiaina manao ua hoʻolaʻa i ka hookahakaha a me ka glorification o ka makuahine o ke Akua.

Nā frescoes o ka luna 'ilikai hōʻike i ke ola o ka Virgin, me ka haʻahaʻa mau tiers hoʻolaʻa i ka Virgin Akathist. Pena hana aliʻi ikona-pena - Osipov a me Borisov, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE luakini i ke kiʻi o "ko kākou Lede o ka hoonohonoho ana o ka holoku" i pena ia e ka mea kaulana ikona pena Nazaire Istomin (XVII kenekulia).

I ka ekalesia o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin) i loko o ka XVII kenekulia ma kaʻaoʻao hema mea e pili Chapel hoolaa Pechersk Ikona o ka Theotokos, a e malama i ka papa inoa o ka mea kupaianaha ikona, i loko o ka Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ke ikona Ua manaoia i ka pale o ka Lūkini archdiocese, a i ukali ia e makualii, o ka ekalesia ma Kiev, mua ma Vladimir, a ma hope i Moscow.

Ka Tsar ka hale ekalesia

I kou pihoihoi, manawa ka patriarchal pa wela ia i mea i ke ahi. Nikon hele nui-unahiʻole, i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka pā hale o Boris Godunov, a hooku iho la ia ia ma Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a i lako pono i ka hou i ka hale ekalesia. No laila, neʻe i ka ekalesia palapala moʻopane o ka holokū o ka Kremlin a hiki i kaʻohana aliʻi. A me kona mō'ī keena e pili ana i ke gale, a me ka papa inoa o Pechersk Ikona o ka Mother ma hope o ka hana ana o ka Terem Palace ikea ia ma ke alo o ka puka wai o ka Queen keʻena. Ka papa i nalowale ma hope o ke kipi, a me ka Capella, ka wā i lawe mai nui hoihoi hou ana hana.

Ua piha o na hanana History o palapala moʻopane o ka holokū Church ma ka Moscow Kremlin ia ua hoano e ole kekahi i ke ahi, i ka poʻe hewa o ka i mai ai i ka 1737, ka wā poino, a hiki i ka Tsar Bell. I ka 1917, ka Kremlin i kī mai ka mea kaua, a me ka ekalesia i loaʻino wale. Hoihoi hou, a hoomakaukau hou i ka mea i na manawa he nui e like me ka mea, e luku, akā, i hoʻomōhala loa o ka noonoo ana ma luna o ka mea mawaho helehelena, maloko pena pinepine ae la oia a pena, noi hou.

kuhikuhipuʻuone

I keia la, o ka luakini, ua aia ma luna o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku Hale Pule Nui Square ma ka Kremlin mea,ʻaʻole loa i kūlike ai ia ia, e waihoʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao a me ka Faceted keʻena ma luna, Terem Palace a me Hale Pule Nui o ka mea mahuʻi. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau hale ekalesia Ua kokokeʻike makaʻole, a aole hoi o kona mau makahiki hou aku ma mua o nā nui hale.

Church pili ia i ka hula i ka laau kea maluna hale. Ua ua i ka pōhaku lepo, a ma ka XV kenekulia i hoomaka ai e puku i ka mua ma ka vogue keʻokeʻo pohaku. A pauʻaoʻaoʻehā o ka luakini i ka mahele i ekolu apana, ma mua, ua kapaʻia ka pa e like me ka mahele. A kūikawā hiʻona mea i ke kikowaena pa o ka ekalesia, ua nui aku ma mua o nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. Ma luna o kēlā me kēia pa paia i pau 'ku no nā loina keel zakomars Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone (e pio mai). Kuahu protrusions ma kaʻaoʻao ma waho ua i kaawale i ekolu semicircular wahi.

Church o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holokū o ka Moscow Kremlin - he halepule na¯ haʻawina me ka mahiole-hoʻokino Dome, helehelena ma ka cupola pahu malamalama. Dome o ka pahu ua hoʻonaniʻia me kūikawā kāhiko o ka frieze mea kākau, pili ia i ke kūkulu'ākau o ka kula Pskov o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone. i waiho mai nā pōhaku lepo nā mea hoʻonani - alaplpa, begunets.

Jewelery a me nā lāliʻi

Ua loaʻa no ka nana mai i ka Hale Pule Nui Square Ka hikina hapa o ka luakini. Ke kikowaena apse o ke kuahu paia mea oi kekahi 'ma mua o ka mauʻaoʻao,ʻololī, aie i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone' ole i ka laau kea maluna luakini. A puni ke anapuni o ka luakini kahi ma luna o ka Nani Loa frieze, a lawelawe 'ana me ka hoailona o ka Russian ekalesia kuhikuhipuʻuone o ke kakahiaka nui wā.

Elevations ma ka haʻahaʻa hoʻonaniʻia kalaka nui-kolamu, a hui pu iho la i ka luna 'ilikai, hou kumu keeled zakomaras. Ekolu paia o ka ekalesia i nanaia pāpaʻu niches ma i na icons i hōʻike 'ia mamua. Ano, koe hoʻokahi wale fresco o ka XVII kenekulia ma ka'ākau mea helehelena, ka mea i loaaʻi i ka hoihoi hou ka hana i loko o 1996, ka mea depicts ka Patronal ahaaina - E hoʻonoho i ka holokū o ka Virgin.

Ke komo i ka Ekalesia o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holoku (Moscow Kremlin) i aia ma luna o nā mea a pauʻaoʻao. Ma ka hikina a me ka hema, e hiki koke kiʻi i loko. Ka aoao hema komo Ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka keel-hoʻokino Ka nū, a kiʻekiʻe staircase a me ka hikina - mea i loko o ka gale o ka Terem Palace. ʻO nā manaʻo i aia ma ke komohana a me ka akauʻaoʻao o ka luakini, ia ka malihini i loko o cloisters.

Kalaiaina

Kalaiaina o ka luakiniʻano he hookahi makahiki ma ka buke keena, a heʻuʻuku a pau pōpilikia anaina me befits House Church. Ke Code Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o nā kia eha. Space paia a me nā kia uhi i pena o ka haipule maʻiʻo.

Ke kumu nui loa o ka moʻolelo, he mea laʻa no ka Malia Puÿupaÿa la, he pena kaila like i pena i ka frescoes o ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui. Ke coincidence mea i accidental: i ka hana i ka 1644 i lawe mai maikaʻi-ikeia haku Pospeev Sidor a me Abramov Semen. Nā kia i depicted Lūkini aliʻi a me nā metropolitans.

Pehea ke ano o ka no o ka XVII kenekulia, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka makahiki 1956, ka wā, ma lalo i wehe i ka hope accretions, a ua holoiʻia mōʻaukala kumuhana. piha hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ka mea kahiko iconostasis, a i ole haalele i ka Ekalesia o ka palapala moʻopane o ka holokū o ka Moscow Kremlin i paʻa i loko o ka ia wā. Description o ka huina haku mele 'ana o ka pena a me ka iconostasis Hōʻike ia mea, o ke kumu o ka waihoʻoluʻu pāʻoihana pena.

iconostasis

Iconostasis i ke kālā, a me ka ornate elaborately hoʻonaniʻia ma ka mea e nani ai. Hookomoia icons i penaʻoliʻoli, ao alohilohi i'ōniʻoniʻo Kīwala'ō ma ka uliuli, kamako iki, keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu. Ke iconostasis Ua mua hanaia ma hope o ka Time o ka pilikia a me ka lukuia, loaa i ka aina. Customer ua i ka makua kāne o ke alii mua o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi - makua'lii Filaret.

Ka luna ekolu o ka helu ana o icons pena i loko o ka o Nuioka ma poe hana iconographer Nazaire Istomin Savin i ka 1627. Lalo lalani, kakau iho la ka haku ia ia iho, i kona mau lima no i mau kikowaena icons - "Kauoha Kahiko Trinity," "Ka Virgin Hodegetria".

Hoʻihoʻi Ea hana hapalua like-50s paipai i na frescoes ma luna o ka pā pōhaku kākoʻo waihoʻoluʻu pu malu ana. ʻO Waimanalo manao me ka nui loa ho ololi i manawa mua o Kristiano, ka wā Rusia i ka metropolis o Byzantium.

Ke kilohana huahelu i loko o ka luna pae, a ma luna o nā kia depicting i ka poe lunaolelo, a me ka Luna Nui makualii,ʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao me ke ano ma a ka haku, loʻohia i ka ikaika canons,ʻia maila kona mau manaʻo no na koa o na frescoes, a me ka lewa a puni ia, oia ke olioli a me ka malamalama.

modernity

I ke kakahiaka nui 90-ies o palapala moʻopane o ka holoku Church ka mea, ua hamama i ka malihini, e like me ka wā o ka patronal ekalesia ahaaina paʻa 'aneʻi ka hoomana ana a me ka liturgy. Mai oihana a ola wale i kekahi mau 'ikamu. Nui kahiko ipukukui hoʻouka kekahi ma mua o ka iconostasis, i loko o nā lā kahiko i kapaʻia ka mea, "lahilahi ihoiho" - kāwaha ma loko. Ipukukui i hāʻawiʻia i ka luakini i ka makana i ka makualii o Iosepa i ka 1649. Ka mea, i hoʻonaniʻia i ke kalakalaiʻana, ahi kala-waihoʻoluʻu paʻa, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o stylized liona huahelu. Kekahi wahi kū hoʻokahi'āpana i ka 1624 o ke kālā chandelier, na papakaukau, kilo ieoaeunoai hana gula D. Sverchkov.

Ka luakini E hele mai, e ike i ka frescoes o ka XVI kenekulia, a hele aku e ike i ka exhibition o kahiko Lūkini lāʻau kiʻi kaula, Aia i loko o ka cloister. Kekahi o na ke kanaaho loa kahiko depicting St. George XIV kenekulia me ka malihini 'ana i ka hōʻike nō ia o e komo ai. I nā lā kahiko keia hana ho'ō i loko, a mālama lākou iā iconostasis icons. O ka nui hoihoi i ka Novgorod ikona "kaolo mai ke kea" a me "ka Virgin o ka hoailona" (Rostov).

Ma Rizopolozhensky Church, ka exhibition ua waiho waho, a me ka laau kiʻi kaula o ka Kauhalenui mua o Rus - Iona, waiho iho la i ka ekalesia i loko o ka wa kahiko. Hōʻike ma ka exposition laau icons o ka Solovetsky hoailona kiʻi Nikolaya Mozhayskogo me ka pahi kaua, ma ke ano o ka mea ana i hoike hookahi, e pale aku i ke kulanakauhale, mai komohewa Mozhaisk. No emi hana hoihoi a me nā curiosities - he Keʻa mai ka Chudov hoailona, e pelu ana, ikona au o XV-XIX kenekulia.