Dzhordzh Oruell, "1984": he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka'āina lā, ka protagonist

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo o XX kenekulia ka mea, he mau novels e like nui like o ka buke, i mea i kākauʻia e Dzhordzh Oruell. "1984" (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ke wehewehe mai i loko o keia 'atikala) - he dystopia, e haʻi ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kaiāulu e ola nei ma lalo o kaʻauamo o totalitarian mana.

Nā kêia kanaka o ka puke

Mea kākau Dzhordzh Oruell pau hana ma luna o kona papa kuhikuhiE puke ma ka 1948. Ka inoa o ka puke "1984" - ia mea he huna pili i ka lā o kona hanaia'na (ka mau huahelu hope nń). Ma ka puke Orwell ka laulā, he wahi lihi iki o ka i hūnāʻia a me nā allusions metaphors.

Ka puke i kākau i loko o ka kakahiaka postwar makahiki, i ka wa a ka a pau o 'Eulopa ua hoano e ka weliweli o Nazism, a me ka mohaikuni. O ka holo ana, i kēia mau hanana lono kaumaha i alakaʻi ai i ka heluia, o Orwell, a ua lewa i loko o kona mau hana. Ka mua kākau i loko o nā 'aoʻao o "1984" Ua hoomau e hoʻomōhala i nā manaʻo anaʻo ia ma muli o kona' ē aʻe kaulana moʻolelo - "Animal mahiʻai", kākau kekahi mamua.

E like me ka mea kākau ia ia iho i hoʻokomo 'ana i ke keiki nui o ka puke ma ka Lūkini kākau moʻolelo Yevgeny Zamyatin ka "mākou". Kēia puke i kekahi o na examples mua o ka hou ano moʻokalaleo Ke o dystopia, lilo i mea mahaloia ma ka kāʻei kua o nā hanana weliweli o ka XX kenekulia.

Winston Smith

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka huina hoonui o ka Winston Smith. I ka manawa o kona narration e pili ana i 39 makahiki (ia mea,ʻo ia i hānau i loko o ka makahiki 1944 a me ka makahiki 1945). Kawaihae o ka maʻamau noho o London mea he piha mea koe o ke au. Orwell ka hoʻohana Memories o kona protagonist ua ho'ōla mai kēlā ma mua o ka mea heluhelu i ke kiʻi o ka moolelo o kekahi mau makahiki.

Ma ka 1950s, ke ao nei i ke kaua nukelea. He nui ka poe Hawaii no ka mea, ua lukuia, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka loli o ka mana mai'ō a'ō. Ke UK aupuni i kekahi huli mai i ka wa kahiko kahili ae aku ma nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni o ka hina ana o ka devastated aupuni. Hoʻololi i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka totalitarian aoao "Ingsoc".

Kona alakaʻi Ua ee aku i ka piha-me ka unahiʻole repression ma luna o kona mau hoa paio i loko o ka United Kingdom. Nā luahi o keia kulekele lilo - mai ka hua'ōlelo i ke kaua i ka maʻamau kanaka. mākua Winston Smith ka i no hoi repressed. Mai ka papa kuhikuhiE ano i ka manawa ua he keiki, ka mea, aole i pono i mea hiki ia ia. Loa paha, make ihola lākou i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai i "hele liʻiliʻi" (ka mea i kekahi o ka Hou Loa ki ina hana o ka hooko).

Oihana o ka oiaio

Mea kākau Dzhordzh Oruell hoʻoholo ihola e hana i ka protagonist he mea lālā o ka totalitarian ke kaiāulu, a hōʻaʻa e kahaki maʻamau o ke ola i loko o ka makau a me ka ikaika upheavals. Smith hana i loko o ke Kuhina o Make. 'O kēia kekahi o nā fictional mea kākau o ka moku'āina hale.

Ka inoa o ka oihana - ia mea heʻeleʻele irony, a me ka Kuhina Nui mamuli o ke doublethink. I mea, ka mea i noho ma ka mea a pau-mai propaganda i loa misinterpret mau hanana. Oihana luna aupuni (a me Smith) i manipulated nā kūʻiʻo, e moe ana i loko o ka Media, a no laila, ma luna o. D. a pau kā lākou mau hana i pahuna ma ka mea e malama i ka mana o ke aliʻi aoao a me ka hoihoi o na makaainana o slavish wa a me ka hoomana. Eia ka puke, depicts he dystopian-mea like o ka Propaganda Kuhina o ka Apana Reich. Kona poo i kekahi o ka loa a me kaulana notorious Nazis - Yozef Gebbels.

doublethink

Ka puke "heʻumikumamāiwa kanawalu-Four" i loko o kekahi o kona mau, e hoohuli mua hōʻike i ka lā i kela la o Winston Smith. He noho i forges UACIeIIeXEeAIE EU kahiko nūpepa no ka lono o ka uku hou. Coder EUIAaIN ka 'ike like ina ka mahalo kokoleka maoli haule iho la. O ka holo ana, keia "waiwai i ka pomaikai" Ua ua i hiki hoomaikai wale i ke kulekele o ke "Ingsoc".

Ke Episode me ka loli ma kala hōʻike i kekahi Orwell invented manaʻoʻike kŰia. Ka mea kākau i kapa ia doublethink. He o ka hiki ana o kanaka me ka manao pono manaoio i loko o kekahi mea. Kekahi luku ana mamuli o ka doublethink - keia slogan hōʻike ma luna o ka paia o ka hale kahi Smith hana. Ka mea, e: "War - keia ao, naaupo - o ka mana a me ka noho kauwa ole ana - ka noho kauā kuapaʻa."

I loko nō o ka nohoaliʻi absurdity, mau slogans a me nā mea a pau o kou naau a me ka naau, e manaoio i na kanaka a pau o London. A me ka poe i aa i ka uuku kanalua i loko o kā lākou mau pono, i luku ai i ka punitive nā loko. Ka mea, ua i ke kulekele o io wae. Kona (mua i loko o kēia ao) i ana hoʻohana i ka totalitarian? Eiia io o ka XX kenekulia.

thoughtcrime

Ka holoʻokoʻa puke-lū dystopia fantastic absurdity, a hele mai nō lākou i ka hui, luahi o ka kaua nukelea, Hope, a me ka weliweli o ka moku'āina ka weliweli. Power 24 hola o ka lā, i ukali ia e ko lakou poe kanaka ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka polokalamu enehana (Panel, kīwī pale a me ka e like. D.). Like me, ke aupuni massively e kamaʻilio i kanaka i ka 'ike' ano e pono ai (ma unswitched Radio, nupepa, a no laila, ma luna o. D.).

Ke kuka o ka moʻolelo moe i loko o ka mea ana, ua hana ia ma ke Kuhina o Make Smith, hoʻowahāwahā i ka laha doublethink,ʻo ia i hoʻomaka e kanalua i ka aoao i olelo mai. I ka mea,ʻo ia e hana ana i ka loa kēia hewa i loko o kona kaiaulu - thoughtcrime. 'O kēia kekahi "Ioi" o Orwell, i mālama ai i ulu no ka mea totalitarian? Eiia io o ke kualapa waena XX kenekulia. Ua, kekahi kamaaina o Oceania (e ike i ka hale aupuni Smith ka), a manaʻo e pili ana i kekahi mea e holo loan i ka Party laina, i luku aku.

Two Hekikai inaina

Ka mua mau mokuna o kona puke, Orwell hoʻolauna iā 'ka mea heluhelu i ke ao ana o Anati-utopian wā e hiki mai. Winston Smith mālama nei i ka elua Hekikai hoowahawaha aku ai. Kēia hanana ua mau paʻa i loko o ka pā pōhaku o kūhelu moku'āina kulanui. Dvuhminutka - mau halawai, i hōʻike wikiō hoike, ae wehewehe i ka hoolohe ana nui ka mea, o ka inaina aku i ka enemi.

Ke kumu enemi o ka moana - e Aloha Eurasia a me Ostaziya. E like me ka Orwell, i ka pili aupuni Tilly o ko ke ao nei, o ka palapala, e pili ana i mahele like ia ma waena o nā'āina ekolu. Eurasia - o ka hope i ka Soviet Union, ma ka kūhelu ideology mea Neo-Bolshevism. Ma Ostazii mea uuku ua ikeia. Ma ka puke, he mea olelo ai o Iosepa i ka mea e ola ana, e like me ka ai-i kapaia cult o ka make i kēia aupuni.

kaua Oceania

Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, a pauʻekolu nō'āina nei i loko o ka totalitarian ideologies. Mau Hawaii i uninterrupted World War. Ke kaua i loko o ka manawa e a ka moʻolelo i loko o ka puke. London (ke kapikala o ka Pacific) mea mamao aku, mai ke alo, no laila, 'aneʻi hele wale akaheleʻano ma ke Kuhina o Information o ka oiaio.

Ma ka Two Hekikai inaina mai ai, ma laila i kekahi manawa hou Smith, ke hoolohe (me kela lā mua), e aʻo e pili ana i kaʻenemi ka manao Ostazii a me Eurasia. Ka mea, pono e lukuia. Kēia Pahuhopu mea paha i ka hoʻokele waiwai 'Pacific a pau. All kumu waiwai a me ka lehulehu ikehu lilo ma luna o ka mea e kākoʻo i ke alo. Kēia aneiai imbalance ua maʻamau no kēia mau totalitarian Hawaii e ola i na makahiki o ke ola ana o Orwell. "1984" - he puke depicting i ka hopena o ka lanakila o ia eia, yeieiae?.

O'Brien a me Julia

Ma ka Two Hekikai Aloha Smith me ka mau huapalapala, a laila, e e kī ma ka puke. Mua, ia mea he lâlâ 'o ka aoao O'Brien (kona inoa mea unknown). Smith manaolana i ka mea, kanalua iho la no hoi oia i ka olelo mai aoao. Ma luna o ia ano no ka lōʻihi manawa hana Orwell. "1984" (i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo mea i hiki ole olua i ka mea'ē aʻe huapalapala) hōʻike he mau kūʻiʻo o kona Kawaihae. Aka hoi, o ka mea kākau mai la i keia pohihihi kanaka mea nui i prototype o - Gletkin mai ka puke "pouli i ke awakea," Artura Kestlera.

Kekahi mea nui Mea Keaka i Julia - i he lâlâ o ka 'aoʻao. Smith ia mua ia me ka hoʻohuoiʻia, e makau ana oia i kiu ma ma luna ona, a ke lawe mai i loko o ka malu makai. I kekahi lā Winston hele aku la i ka noho 'āpana proles (ka proletariat - ka haahaa caste ma ka hui), kahi āna i noho ai i loko o ka hale kūʻai kālepa. Oia huakaʻi i undesirable no ka aoao lālā. Ma ke ala hoʻi i Julia Smithʻalo. He Ua ka mānaʻonaʻo i ka manaʻo i ka mea, e lawe mai e pili ana i kahi ana i ike ai ia ia.

malu halawai

Naʻe, i ka ia la ae, Julia Winston hoouna i ka malu leo i loko o ka mea ana i hai mai i kona aloha no ia ia. E i kēia Kaka ua kokoke paʻakikī - ka pilina ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā wāhine ua nui pololei hoi malalo o ko "Ingsoc". E like me ka oihana ideology, a pau manaʻo noʻonoʻo i kekahi kea laa, o ka hala, a me kekahiʻia e ua liluwelo wale, ka mea, ua he kupono ana no ka hanau ana o ke keiki kakou nana.

Akā, Julia a me Winston ike ia ma waena o ia mea oi ma mua pono o ka lehulehu hana. Ka mea, hoʻomaka e hālāwai malū, hoonoho iho la kekahi i kekahi, a hui hou i ka haalele wahi. Ma ka wahi o proles ka hui e hoʻolimalima aku i keʻena i loko o ka like o kana oihana shop, i kekahi manawa, hele aku la ia Smith.

Goldstein

Soon i ka papa kuhikuhiE huapalapala hoʻoholo 'ia i ka hamama ana o ka huina hoonui i O'Brien. Lakou manaolana i keia pohihihi, a evokes walohia kanaka hiki e kekahi mau me ka pohihihi hoahanau. About ka hui hele loa contradictory na lono. E like me ka manao o Smith, ka hoahanau o lakou a mau hoa o ka? Eia, i ho'āʻo e kaua aku i ka "Ingsoc".

I ka papa kuhikuhiE huapalapala halawai O'Brien. He no ke komo maluna i ka mea, aole i hele mai i loko o ka hoahanau. Party luna aupuni malū haawi Julia a me Winston ka puke mea nana i hookumu i ka kekahi Goldstein. Ka moku'āina propaganda kapa i kona malokoʻenemi №1. Ka mea, ua ke kue, imi e luku mai i ka totalitarian? Eia o Oceania.

hoʻokūkū

ka puke a me unexpected kuka - me ka oiaio, i ka "1984" E hiki ke olelo aku. Kekahi manawa ma hope i fateful kamailio ana me O'Brien, Winston a me Julia i ua hopu ia e makai i loko o nā manaʻo o ko lākou ola hale. Ua huli mai ia i ka mea nana o ka shop, i ka mea, i? Ieaoa n iaainoaoeii neo, ua he undercover informant no na Aupuni. , Manao iho la na makai pono hana kūikawā ma ka huli a me ka hopu ana o poe kipi, o kona manaʻo holo loan i ka Party ideology.

A hui i kaawale. loaʻa Smith ia iho i loko o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana keena o ke Kuhina o Love, i mai no hoi i hele mai ai me Orwell. "1984" (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻoʻoe, e loaʻa i loko o kēia 'atikala) ma keia manawa ua hele mai ana i kona climax. Ano hopu Winston, e hele ma nā mea a pau i ka interrogations a me ka hoʻomāinoino ', a, e like me ka mau, lawe mai ma luna o ka moku'āina poe kipi.

Smith renunciation

I ka pihoihoi o ka protagonist, i kona Ilamuku i O'Brien - i ke kanaka ana i hilinai ai, e kamailio e pili ana i ko lakou mau mea pohihihi e pili ana i ka "Ingsoc". Smith poino physical hoʻomāinoino ', akā,ʻaʻole loa haalele kona manaoio (ia mai ona aku, a koi). Prior ia mea, i nā novels ma ka olelo Beritania, aole ia i apo ia i ke ano. Orwell ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hoohaahaa ana, a me ka loko manaʻoʻike moku'āina o Smith hanau me kaʻeha a me ka hoohaahaa ana.

Winston hoomaka ae la e ke kiʻekiʻe o lakou e hee aku i ka O'Brien. ka mea, manaolana, maloko, i kona makemake e hiki i ke kanaka naaupo! i ke Kuhina o ke aloha, e hana i ka mea e pono iaia, akā, me ka naʻau ua i haalele hilinaʻi. Eia hoi, haʻalele Smith i ka hope o ka mea ana i ole Hoole ia, - aloha no Julia. Akā, Ua luku i keia manao. O'Brien iloko o ka hope ke alahouana, kaomi 'ana ma luna o ka noho' ana kamaliʻi kahiko makaʻu Smith. Ua ua i ka makau o ka iole. Winston i paa ai i ka maka o ka hīnaʻi manu, i loko o i mea he pololi carnivorous rodents.

I ka makaʻu ua ai huʻi iʻae Smith, e hooiaio aku no au i kekahi, e, e hooki i ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana. Hope ana, ia i hookuu ia mai na nā keʻena kahu o ke aloha, a me ka lumi 101. Ma ka loa hope o ka puke i hoola iho la oia i kona mau mea pohihihi iho e pili ana i ka pono o ka aoao i ka papa kuhikuhiE puke e noho ana i loko o ka cafe, inu waiʻona, hoʻolohe i ka Radio, a Cuticura ke ia.

Ke kumukuai o ka puke

Ka hula hope hōʻike i ka nui o ka makemake e kolo `Orwell. "1984" (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua hooku iho la ia ia oe mākou) - he puke e pili ana ana i ka repressive mīkini o ka totalitarian moku'āina hiki luku i kekahi kanaka. O Smith, ka mea a nei pale ka hainā, ua lilo ia mai. Mua, ka mea, kāohi luku (i loko o ka literal ano o ka olelo - hoomaka ae la oia losing niho, a pela aku ...). A laila,ʻo ia hope nalowale i kona manaoio.

Olioli ole pau wale i hoʻohuiʻia i ka cult puke. He lilo no kekahi manawa bestseller. Up a hiki i keia wahi ia i ole i hoopuka ia i ka puke i loko o ke ao nei. Previous novels i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o dystopia hiki ole kaena ana o na mea he akahele elaborated a ho'ākāka' ia ma ke akamai honua, ka mea i hele mai me Orwell.

Eia naʻe, e like me ka olelo maluna, i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia kākau moʻolelo, a i ole i kekahi mea e palapala aku ai. I mea, ia mea Logical wale e hoʻomōhala i nā hanana i haawi ala i Nazism a me nā totalitarian eia, yeieiae? O ka hapa mua o ka XX kenekulia.

I ka pomaikai o ka puke mea i ku pono i keʻano o nā metaphors, a i hoʻoneʻe i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau o ke ao nei. Ua Ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma doublethink, "Ingsoc" Two Hekikai inaina mai ai, etc. ua Orwell i ka mea kākau o ka luawai-ike haʻilula "mau hua hoʻohui mau -. Wale elima", Ka mea a wehewehe i nā loina o ka falsity o ka propaganda, like hoʻi me ke kiʻi o Big ka hoahanau.. E hoʻomaopopo 'ia "1984" - e nui eiiiiiaiou o kēia Western mahalo moʻomeheu.