Haku mele Alexei Surkov - ka haaheo o Yaroslavl aina

Ma Yaroslavl, ua mālama 'ia he ana ma luna paha "I ka dugout," i nā kupa o ka mele kaulana. i i kanaka o nā makahiki a pau me ka makemake o ka kikokikona, kokoke i kuhi i nā hua'ōlelo. Akā, i ka inoa o ka mea kākau i hiki ole a pau. Soviet haku mele Alexei Surkov, kona Kawaihae ua mau loa ua hoʻopili i ka Yaroslavl māhele o ke kumu o ka laina kaulana i hele mai, mai kona peni i ka hoʻomaka o ka Nui Patriotic War. He aha ka mea iʻikeʻia e pili ana i keia kanaka kekahi?

"People"

Hanau mua o ka kipi (01/10/1899) i loko o ka uuku kauhale Serednevo (Rybinsk Apana o Yaroslavl aina) i loko o kaʻohana o nā kauwa, Alexei Surkov hoomaka e ao ana ma ka kūloko kula, ua ke kemu i ka nani o ke 'ano a me ka pono io o ke kua'āina ola. Hōʻike 'ia makemake no ka hoonaauaoia'na, i kona makahiki 12, hele aku la ia St. Petersburg, kahi ia i mea e noho i loko o ka hale o ka haku me ka loaʻa i ke kālā. Kēia lumi i kapaia ka "People", akā, e ae i ka teenager, e heluhelu i nā nūpepa a me ka hoʻomōhala. hoomaka hanakimi 'oihana me ka hana ana o ka apprentice i loko o ka hale pai, Shop lako, joinery. ʻOiʻenehana halawai mai la ia i loko o ke kalepa awa, kahi āna i hana weigher.

I ka 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" publishes kekahi Verses A. Gutuevsky. Keia Alia initially wae no ka iho Alexei Surkov, nona ka Hawaii photo i loko o nā makahiki hiki ke ike ia ma ka pauku. Ua ua i kona mua hoao ma ke kākau 'ana. He umikumamawalu poe kanaka ui, ka mea, ua palapala i loko o ka Red Army, ana me ka mīkini gunner a scout lio a hiki i 1922.

"Solo"

I peacetime, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele hoʻi i ka meaʻuʻuku hale, kahi ma kāna mau hoʻoili prosvetrabotoy. A hiki i 1924, ka mea mua i loko o ka kokoke kauhale,ʻo ia hana i loko o ka hale-heluhelu lumi, kua'āina correspondent i ke kuʻikahi kalana Nupepa. I kaʻoihana o ke kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa koke i ka papa kuhikuhiE A. Surkov. Kela manawa, "He oiaio" i ka makahiki 1924, ma ka nupepa i paʻi i kona hou poem, a ma ka makahiki 1925, ua lilo kekahi lala o ka Ahaolelo o ka mea kākau'āina a pau. I ka hookahi makahiki, e pili ana i ka CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov mea i loko o ka Komsomol, i ia laua a hiki i ka correspondent i loko o ka lānai hou hanaia aina o ka Nupepa "North Komsomolets". No ka ekolu makahiki (1926-1928) alakai aku la oia ia ia e like me ka luna hoʻoponopono, mea ulu holo ma 2 manawa, a e pili ana i "ka palapala, ai nalo", ma ka mea hiki ke pai e hoomaka ana haku mele a me Ana Aina, kākau moʻolelo.

Ma May 1928 kona elele 'o ia Moscow ma I ka Ahaolelo o ka mea kākau, a laila, i loko o ka Yaroslavl'āina, mea, aole ia e hele mai hoʻi, ua koho' ia i ka RAPP. Ka hoʻomaka o keia poeticʻike hoʻokumu i ka mua ohi paʻi i ka 1930. Ua Ua kapaia "Solo." Verses okoa pili aupuni acuity a me ka ano o ka patriotism mea ua nui loa i loko o koi. Ma ka makahiki i hanau haku mele Alexei Surkov.

Ka Ike: E like me ka ohana o ka haku o ka

Ma hope o lilo i ka papa ma ka palapala, ai halawai, ka haku mele halawai me Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine. Ka hui i Ua hanau na keiki elua: he keiki hanau i ka 1928 Alexey Natalia a me ke kaikamahine i hanauia ma ka 1938 Iloko o ke kaua, no ka ohana e e evacuated ia Chistopol, ia mea ma laila, mai ke alo, e kākau i ko lakou mau palapala Alexei Surkov. I ka wā e hiki mai ke kaikamahine i kaʻoihana o ka journalism, e koho no lakou iho, e hana musicology. Keiki, e ia i ke koa, ke Air Max colonel.

Ua kaha maha 30s ma ka mea e A. Surkov loaʻa i ka e mai ai no ka nele o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana:ʻo ia i puka' o ia wale nō, mai ka Institute o Red Kumu, akā, i kokua aku i kona dissertation, a lilo ae la Kumu ma ka palapala, ai 'Institute. Mai haʻalele ia, a me ka Hoʻoponopono hana, ma keʻano neʻepapa me M. Gorky i "ka palapala, ai haʻawina" Magazine i ka manawa. Ka hana ana i loko o LOKAFe, mau e kākau poem a me nā mele e pili ana i na koa o ke Kanawai Kaua: "na¯", "kūpono '", "'āina koa." hana kekahi i na mele: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

kaua correspondent

"Hakakā hae", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - mau paʻi puke, a i ka 1939 paʻi voenkor Alexei Surkov. Ka haku mele i 'ana i loko o nā koa i kāna hana ma ka Ewa o ka Great Patriotic War: ka Pinilana kai eʻe a me ke kai eʻe ma Western Belarus. I loko nō neprizyvnoy makahiki, mai ka lā mua o ka kaua la i hoounaia mai ai i ka mua, ala i ka 1943 a hiki i ka ano o ka lutanela colonel. Aiaʻo ia e hālāwai me na haku mele o na makahiki kaua. I ka mea, e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā Konstantin Simonov ka kaulana laina: "Mai oe e hoomanao, Alesha, Smolensk alanui ...".

E like me ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka "New World",ʻo ia paʻi poem, satires a me nā mele o nā kāʻeʻaʻeʻa manawa. It E e paʻiʻia kekahi mau hoiliili ole o poem, "poem o ka inaina", "kūpono '", "koa o Heart". I ka 1942, ua aneane make o Rzhev, kakau iho la hope poignant laina.

"Aʻo nā pōkā unharmed, a me ka wela mea i ke ahi,

Au e hele ma ka lihi o ke ahi.

Ua Ua ike ia e loaa ana i kona makuwahine hoaie dala

Ma ke aloha o ka make ana o mai iaʻu ... "

Akā, i ka loa hanohano mele e ia i loko o kona mau hana. I waena o lākou: "Ka Song o na koa", "Song o na defenders o Moscow" a, o ka papa, i ka kaulana "dugout".

Ka moʻolelo o "dugouts"

Ke mele i hānau i loko o November 1942 i loko o ka wahi o Istria (ke kulanakauhale o Kashino, Moscow Māhele '), kahi ka mea, he e haʻalele i ka' āina o ka minefield. He nui koʻu manaʻo i mua o kona make ana, wale he mau kapuwai. A pau ka pilikia, ua hala, i ka pau overcoat ua shrapnel hahau. ʻO ma Moscow,ʻo ia i hānau i nā laina kaulana o ka hoouna ana i Chistopol ka wahine i ka poem. A hiki Editionʻikeʻia haku mele Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov haawi aku la ia i ka lima-palapala laina, a me ka pule ma hope o ka mele i hana mua ia e kona hoa Mikhail Savin.

Mai o kona mua helehelena o ka mea koke hele aku la i ka mua, e lilo ana i ka punahele'āpana o ke koa. Ua mele Lidiya Ruslanova, a initially hoi, kuu mooolelo a me ka mooolelo. Akā, laila, ua paʻa akula lukuia lakou, e like me ka pili ka poe i ike decadence i loko o ka laina o ka poem a noi i ka hoʻololi 'ana i nā hua'ōlelo. Akā, i ke mele i hele ai i na kanaka. Aia ka hōʻike i nā koa i hele i loko o ke kaua, ke kahea: "! Sing, harmonica, blizzard naʻe" ke mele kaulana, mai ke kūlanakauhale mai o Kashino kekahi kia. He He maoli iaia o ka mea kākau, i nā kānaka hana no ka pōʻaiapuni i ka 1946 i hookoia ka State uku.

nā makahiki

Ma hope o ke kaua, Alexei Surkov, kona Kawaihae ua e pili ana me ka aoao a me ka moku'āina hana, e like me ka luna hoʻoponopono o "Ogonyok" a me rector o ka Institute o Moʻolelo i hana i ka hailona no ka wehe aʻe ia i hou tālena. He paʻi Anna Akhmatova, e hoomalu aku i kona inoa i loko o ke alo o Joseph Stalin. I ka Ia manawa, i ka hoomaopopoia Communist, mea, aole ia i ike i kaʻike hoʻokumu Boris Pasternak, kū'ē Solzhenitsyn a me Andrei Sakharov. Haku mele no kekahi mau makahiki, e e alakaiia e ka Union o Soviet kākau moʻolelo.

I ka makahiki 1969, i ke aupuni, e hoʻolauleʻa i kona piʻi like Star o ka Hero o ka hana e piʻi like. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ke kanaka i loko o 1983, no ka mea he nui ka mea, e ia he kupaianaha haku mele, lilo kaulana Yaroslavl aina.