Ho okumu ana o medieval kauhale. Ka muli a me ka ulu ana o medieval kūlanakauhale ma Europe

Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o ka Western Roma aupuni a pau ma Europa, he au o ka "pouli mahope." Iloko o keia manawa, kokoke a pau o ke kulanakauhale hāʻule i loko o naniʻole, a me ka mehameha. Ke feudal haku he makemake e noho i loko o ko lākou mau wahi e noho ana. Nui hoemiia ka waiwai o ke kālā i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Monasteries wale mai i nā makana. Inā kekahi Abbey forged hao huahana, a ma kekahi, no ka laʻana, i brewed pia, hoouna aku la lakou i kekahi i kekahi o nā huahana. Na kauwa i komo ma ka'auwaʻa.

Akā, i nā, akamai a me ka kalepa hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaha hoʻi, kūpono ana ma ke kahua o ka medieval kauhale. Kekahi o ia mau mea i kukulu hou ia ma luna o ke kahua o ka polis kahiko, hang nei ma ka monasteries, na alahaka, awa kauhale, i'ō i alanui'ē aʻe.

Kahiko a me ka medieval kauhale

Ma ka Roma aupuni a pau e ulu ai kūkulu 'lawe mai i loko o e like me ka mālama'-aponoia kumumanao. O na mea nui kulanakauhale i lilo i Arena no haʻuki a me gladiatorial hakakā, ka wai, sewerage. Na alanui i i lalo a me ka laula. Ka muli a me ka ulu ana o medieval kūlanakauhale i wahi i loko o kaʻokoʻa ha i. Ka mea, Ua kūkuluʻia chaotically, me kekahi, he pono ole kumumanao.

Interestingly, ma ke kakahiaka nui Middle Ages na mea he nui o na hale kahiko i hoʻohana ole no ka mea no i ka mea i mua kūkulu. Penei, nui Roma bato e pinepine hoohuliia i ka Kristiano ekalesia. A ma loko o ka Colosseum a me ka pololei ma ka Arena, kūkulu hale.

Ke kūlana o ke kuai

Hoʻokiwikā pakebona ma Europe hoʻomaka me Italy. Malina kālepa me Byzantium a me na ¶ʻO'Araba aina alakai i ka muli o ke kālā kapikala mai poʻe kālepa a me ka Peninsula. hoomaka ae la i ke gula, e paapu mai la i ka Italia medieval kulanakauhale. Ka hooulu ana o ka huakūʻai-ke kala ana i ke ala o ke ola o ka'ākau Kaiwaenahonua hoʻololi. I wahi o ka hoʻokele waiwai maoli, i ka wa a kela feudal hooili hoʻolako ia ia iho me na mea a pau e pono ai, ua hiki mai nā 'āina' specialization.

ulu o House

E piele lākou i ke kī ole ma ke kahua o medieval kauhale. Hoʻokiwikā oihana lilo i piha-fledged aoao o ka loaʻa kālā. Mua, i puʻe wale mahiʻai, e komo i loko o ka mahiʻai a me ka, a me nā akamai. Ano, ua i ka manawa e 'oihana' o komo i loko o manufacturing o ka hana kūikawā huahana, e kuai lilo aku i ko lakou mau huahana, a hoʻohana 'ia i ke kālā e kūʻai iʻai.

Artisans i loko o nā kūlanakauhale i hui pu ia ma ka kauä kuapaʻa, kapaʻia nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao. Oia a papa hana i hanaia no ka mea o ka manao lokahi kōkua a me Anati-nâ. He nui 'ano o nā akamai i aeia e komo i loko o nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao i lala wale. Ma ka hoouka i ke kulanakauhale o ka enemi kaua o na lala o ke kauä kuapaʻa i hana pakiko-pale huahelu.

haipule ololi

Ke Kristiano mooolelo o ka noho malihini i ka hoomana iaua ieiuaaee no hoi i ka hopena ma luna o ke kahua o medieval kauhale. Initially, ka hapanui o ka loa koʻi kaua kea laa, i loko o Roma. E uku hoʻomana iā lākou, i ke kūlanakauhale loaa tausani o nā malihini. O ka holo ana, e hele i ka huakaʻi lōʻihi i loko o ia mau lā hiki wale nō e kanaka 'ole-hune. No ka ia, i loko o Roma i wehe nui hotel, Hawaii, pōʻeleʻele loa me ka haipule moʻokalaleo.

Na lunakiai o na kulanakauhale e ae, no ka mea, pehea ka nui o makahiki lawe mai Roma haipule kaʻahele, hoi, ua makemake e kiʻi i kekahi mau kea laa. i lawe mai, mai ke kaawale ana aina a me Sacred mea kupaianaha iaʻi i loaʻa ma luna o ka paena. Ua hiki ia i nā kui i kauliaʻi ma ke kea o Kristo, i ka mana o na lunaolelo, o Iesu 'kapa a me ka Malia Puʻupaʻa la, a me kekahi mau artifacts. Ka hou malihini e hoʻokele ia,ʻo, ke kiekie o ka loaa ana o ke kulanakauhale.

koa ololi

Mai na kaua a hiki i ka ho'ākāka 'nui o ka mōʻaukala o ka Middle Ages. Ke medieval kulanakauhale, i waena o nā hana, hiki e he nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI mea o ka pale 'ana i ka aina o ka palena mai ke kaua mai o kaʻenemi. Ma keia hihia, kona kino mawaho, pāʻo ia ka mea maopopo loa i ka ikaika a me ka kiʻekiʻe. A i loko o ke kūlanakauhale neo? Aaiiai? I ka oihana koa pā kaua, a me ka nui lako ana o ka ai i loko o ka halepapaa ma ka hihia o ka lōʻihi ka hoʻopuniʻana.

Ma ka hopena o Middle Ages, he nui koa o lakou o mercenaries. Kēia mea i oi loa prevalent i ka waiwai Italy. Noho ma laila i ke kūlanakauhale i makemake ole e aa aku i ma luna o ke kahua kaua, a he makemake ko e iloko mercenary kaua. Ua lawelawe 'ana he nui Hawaiian a me kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

kulanui

Educational hui pū ka pilina i ke kahua o medieval kauhale. I ka moolelo oʻEulopa kulanui hoomaka ma ke XI kenekulia. A iʻaneʻi, he, ke primacy o ka Italians. I ka 1088 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Bologna o ke kahiko kulanui ma Europe i hoʻokumu. He mau e lńkou nā haumāna i loko o mākou lā.

Hope kulanui iʻikeʻia i loko o Farani, i loko o England, a laila, i loko o nā'āina. Ka mea, i mālama 'ia i ke ao ana o theological a me ka naita ma kumuhana. Ke kulanui a ua ola ma luna o kekahi kālā, a no ia mea, i ka lawaʻano o ke Kuokoa, mai na Aupuni. Ma Europa'āina kekahi nō i kānāwai e papa aku i ka makai, e hele i ka aina o ka mea kiekie hoonaauao kulanui.

townspeople

No laila, he mau papa, i lawe mai ai i ka muli a me ka hoʻomohala o medieval kūlanakauhale maʻEulopa.

1. Pāʻoihana Kūʻai: transporting likeʻole waiwai ma ke kai a me ka aina.

2. Ka waiwai o artisans: E ke Kumu, hana hanalima huahana, ua i ka hookumu ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ke kulanakauhale o.

3. Clergy: ka ekalesia a me monasteries he ole wale haipule rituals, akā, i iao? A? Aneiai hana, e like me ka pono i komo i loko o ke ola kālai'āina.

4. koa koa ole wale komo i loko o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe a me ka pale ana, akā, no hoi i ka pololei iloko o ke kulanakauhale. Nā luna, unuhi ae la ia i ka hopu ana o na powa a me ka powa.

5. Kumu a me nā haumāna: kulanui i ka nui ole ma ke kahua o medieval kauhale.

6. ka papa aristocracy: i ka hale aliʻi o nā aliʻi, nā mākualiʻi, a me nā aliʻi no hoi i ke aupuni 'o hoʻokiwikā wahi.

7. Other tradesmen hoʻonaʻauao: kauka, clerks, moni, surveyors, nā luna kānāwai, a pela aku ...

8. ka hoʻokiwikā ilihune: na kauwa, nou, powa.

Ke paio no ka pakiko-aupuni

Land i a ala ae la i ke kulanakauhale, kope no ia i nā haku a me ekalesia Abbey. Ka mea, i kauia auhau ma ka waena papa, kona nui ua hoonoho ana, a ua pinepine no ka nui loa. Ma muli o ka ino ma konohiki i hele mai medieval kamaʻilio medieval kauhale. Artisans, poʻe kālepa a me nā kupa i hui pu ia me Kāʻeokūlani, ke ku imua o ka feudal haku.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE olelo o hoʻokiwikā kamaʻilio ua hiki auhau a me ka 'ole-ākeʻakeʻa o ka haku hale i loko o ka aneiai hana o nā kupa. Nō kāu, ke kūkā 'i pau i ke kaha kiʻiʻana i ka Palapala, i i ua koi' ia ka pono a me ka hana o nā papa. Ka pūlima 'ia o kēia mau palapala ua pau i ke kahua o medieval kauhale, hoomaopopo ana i ka loio i kahua o ko lākou ola.

kemokalaka hoʻokele

Once ka pono i ka pakiko-aupuni, ua hoopakeleia mai, mai ka feudal haku, ia mea manawa, e hoakaka i ke kumu ma i ka medieval kūlanakauhale iho ua kūkuluʻia. Kauä kuapaʻa hui o handicrafts a me kaʻahahui o na poe kalepa, he kulanui mai i ulu ka'ōnaehana o ami olelo hooholo-hana a me ka'ōnaehana hoʻokoho Aupuni.

Meia a me nā luna kānāwai i loko o ka medieval kulanakauhale i koho ia. Ma keia hihia, o ka loa i ke kaʻina hana o ke koho ua pinepine loa ai eiiieaena a me ka nunui-ke kahua. No ka laʻana, ma Venice, ka Doge ke koho i wahi i loko o 11 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Suffrage uaʻaʻole paʻa. Ua aneane na wahi a ua i ka waiwai a me ka papa makahiki,ʻo ia hoʻi, wale na kanaka waiwai paha maikaʻi-hanau ke komo i loko o ke koho ana.

A hiki i ke kahua o medieval kulanakauhale mahope i pau ai, ua he'ōnaehana ma i nā mea a pau i ka mana hoʻomalu levers i loko o ka lima o ke kaupalena helu o aristocraticʻohana. Ilihune kanaka, ua olioli ole me keia wahi o ka mea. Social tensions kekahi manawa, ninini i loko o lawe lima uprising. E like me ka hopena, i ka hoʻokiwikā aristocracy i e e concessions, a, e hoʻonui i ka pono o ka poe ilihune.

Ka mōʻaukala manaʻo nui

ʻeleu kūpono 'ana o ke kulanakauhale, i lilo ai ma Europe i loko o ka X-XI kenekulia ma ke kikowaena a me ka'ākau Italy, a ma Falanadera (keia-lā Pelekiuma a me Holland). Na ka hoʻokukeʻana koa o kēia kaʻina he aie a me ka hana? Iecaianoaaiiuo. A iki hope, hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale pomaikai no au ma Farani, Spain, a me ka aina Kelemānia o ka Uhane Roma aupuni a pau. E like me ka hopena, i ka'āinapuniʻole ua loli.

He mea eha e overestimate i ka hopena i ua i ma luna o ke kūpono 'ana o ke kahua o medieval kūlanakauhale maʻEulopa. Hoʻokiwikā oihana hoʻolaha iiaie oaoieei holomua. Kuai i alakai i ka hana o ka shipbuilding, a me ka ho'ōla i ka loaʻa a me ka hooulu ana o ka New World. kulanakauhale aupuni moolelo lilo i ke kumu o ke aupuni 'ole o kēia Western'āina. ʻo Samuel a me Magna Carta, i nā pono kīvila o māhele mahiʻai, i hana i kekahi ano o Europa kānāwai. A hooulu ana i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ke akamai a me ka 'epekema, e hoomakaukau i ka Hekikai o ka pakebona.