Ke kulanakauhale kahiko o Epeso ma Tureke: hōʻikeʻano a me ka mōʻaukala

Ke kulanakauhale kahiko o Epeso (Tureke), aia i loko o ka komohana hapa o ka Peninsula Malaya Aziya, iʻikeʻia ma ka inoa Greek o Antalya. Ma kēia mau hae ia mea liʻiliʻi - kona heluna māhunehune 225 tausani kanaka hiki .. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o kona mōʻaukala, a kia hoʻomanaʻo i, malamaia i loko o ia, mai hala kenekulia, ka mea, o kekahi o na kulanakauhale loa kipa i loko o ke ao nei.

City fertility akua

I ka wā kahiko, a me ka mea, ua hookumuia ia ma ka Helene i loko o ka XI kenekulia BC. e ka., ua kaulana i ke kūlanakauhale 'aneʻi ulu ka cult o ka kūloko akua wahine o ka fertility, e ho'ōla hookomo i loko o ka fertility akua Diana. Kēia lokomaikaʻi a me ka hoʻokipa nebozhitelnitse i loko o ka VI kenekulia BC. e ka. kulanakauhale kupa kukulu ia i ka luakini, ike me kekahi o na mea kupanaha ehiku o ke ao nei.

City o Epeso ma kūkaʻi 'pomaikai i loko o ka VI kenekulia BC. Hawaii., ia ia i ike oia ia ia iho ma lalo o ka mana hopu i kona Lydian ke alii Croesus, nona ka inoa i loko o ka 'ōlelo kēia i lilo synonymous me ka waiwai. He poho iho la lakou ma ka hana maʻamau aliʻi i hookoe ole loa, a i kahikoia kona luakini a pau hou poʻe kiʻi, a hana like me ka haipule o ke akamai, a me ka 'epekema oe haipule. I loko nō o kona kulanakauhale i kaulana ma kona nui inoa o koʻikoʻi personalities, e like me ka mea kahiko poe akeakamai Heraclitus a me ka haku mele o ke kahiko Cullin.

Life o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka mua kenekulia AD

Naʻe, i ke kūlanakauhale o ka ulu piko ma I-II kenekulia AD. e ka. I loko o kēia wā ka mea, ua hapa o ka Roma aupuni a pau, a me kona malama ana malaila i ka hailona o ke dala, no laila, ua kūkuluʻia auwai, Waihona Puke o Celsus, bato - kahiko bato, e like me? Aeiino? Greek hale kiaka. Kekahi o ke kulanakauhale o na Hawaii i kona papa alanui, e hele ana ia i ka awa a me ka hoʻonaniʻia me nā kolamu a me porticoes. Ua Ua inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ka Roma Emperor Arcadius.

City o Epeso ua oleloia pinepine i loko o ke Kauoha Hou, i loko o 'ana, i loko o ka puke "Acts o ka poe lunaolelo" a me ka "hoikeana", iʻikeʻia e like me ka "Apocalypse". Ke hahai mua o Iesu i hoomakaʻi e hōʻike i loko o laila a hiki i ka mea e ola ai ka honua oihana, a me 52-54 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i noho ai, a hai mai i ka olelo a ka lunaolelo Paul ke Akua,. Ke noiʻi i kekahi kumu e manaoio ai ua Ioann Bogoslov, ka mea i make, a ua kanuʻia ihola ia ma Epeso,ʻaneʻi kakau iho la i kona euanelio. Sacred Tradition hoʻohuiʻia i ke kulanakauhale a me na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o ka mea i hoomaikaiia Virgin Mary - Mother o Iesu Kristo.

Sea, ua holo aku i ke kulanakauhale

Ma ka hoʻokumuʻo o Epeso - ke kulanakauhale o Diana - Ua hookumu ia ma na kapakai o ka Aegean kai, a o ka nui loa awa konu o ke kahiko. Akā, laila, i ka unexpected hanaia - paha Ilahi hakaka me Dia, o ka lokomaikai kiekie e alii ana, a me ka ia i ninini mai i kona inaina ma luna o ke kūlanakauhale, ina na kumu e noho ana i ka aoao maoli o ka papa, akā, wale i loko o ka VI kenekulia BC. e ka. Harbor koke lilo lepo a me ka ulu me ka silt.

Kupa i ka hoʻoneʻe i ko lakou wahi i noho ai a hiki i ka hou wahi i kahi kokoke i ka makana Turkish kulanakauhale o Selcuk, e hoʻomaka ana kapili ma luna o ka puu Ayyasoluk. Akā, ke kai noho hoomau e emi hope, 'auʻa' loa o kēia kahiko kulanakauhale makahiki. Epeso i nā haule i loko o ka palaho. I hana ai i ke koena Hāneʻe a me na olai, hoʻopiha ia me ke one hina, a me ka maluhia o kahi waiho waho no ka wā e hiki mai archaeologists.

Hoʻopoina kia o ke kahiko

Hihia pau ka Arabia i loko o ka VII kenekulia, i ke komo ana o ko lakou mau kaua, a me ka hope i luku i nā mea a i ole naʻei no ka lima o ka makapo hehee ai. ʻEhiku mau kenekulia ma hope, i ka Ottoman aupuni a naʻi i ka nui loa o Asia Minor, a me ka'āina i loko o ka mea i pili ana i ke Epeso kulanakauhale Ayyasoluk.

No ka mea, ia manawa, hoomaka ae la oia e hoʻoikaika, akā, i loko o ka Islamic mooolelo. Ma na alanui, he mosques, caravanserais a me Turkish bato ke komo iloko. ʻO hoʻokahi haneri makahiki ma hope i Kapa hou i ke kulanakauhale, a me kona mōhai inoa o Selçuk, Epeso ia la, a me ka kūlanakauhale i hope haalele a hiamoe iho la ia no kekahi mau kenekulia ma lalo o ka papa o ke one noiʻaneʻi wela makani.

Hanaʻeliʻana archaeologist enthusiast

I ka moolelo o ka hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana i loko o ke kulanakauhale kahiko nā lā hoʻi i ka 1863. Ka mea, lilo ka initiator o ka lunaʻenehana Pelekāne a me ka kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Dzhon Tertl Wood, papahana o ka hale i loko o Tureke alahao AYN. Ua haawiia i ka mea i loaʻa i Epeso Temple o Diana, i oleloia ma ke Kauoha Hou, oia loaa ae mai ka kūloko Aupuni, e lawe mai hana.

Ke hana ua i oluolu, no ka mea, ka mea wale nō 'ike i loaʻa ma ka archaeologist-ao ana, ka mea, ua' ike e pili ana i ka wahi o ke kulanakauhale o Epeso, akā,ʻaʻohe kekahiʻikepili e pili ana i konaʻia a me nā hale a pau.

City, ala mai ka ole

Ekolu makahiki ma hope, i ka honua lele maluna o na hoike mua i ia e John Wood discoveries, a mai ia manawa i ke kulanakauhale o Epeso, kahi i mua kenekulia, e ho okumu ana i poʻokela kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Hellenic moʻomeheu, hoopaaia lakou i kona noonoo.

A hiki i kēia lā i loko o ke kūlanakauhale malamaia he nui kū hoʻokahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i pili i ka Roma wā i loko o kona mōʻaukala. Pela hoi, aole i haawiia mai ka mea e nui mai nō e unearth i keia la i Konakele. Maka, pūʻiwa loa i loko o kona nani, a me ka mea hiki, e hoi i noonoo ai i ka grandeur a me brilliance o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o kona heyday.

Kino, a alakai aku la ia ia kinikini Street

Kekahi o na kumu Hawaii i na mea hina o Epeso, i kona keaka, a i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka Hellenistic wā, akā, ua undergone nui? Aeiino? I ka noho alii ana o Roma Auguseto Domitian a me Trajan ka hope. He oiaio, o loaa ka Kiure 'ole, a paa iho la he iwakalua-kumamalima tausani nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi, a ma ka ma hope au i kekahi hapa o ke kulanakauhale pa.

Kekahi i hele ai i ke kulanakauhale o Epeso ma kai, hiki ke hoomau aku, mai ke awa a hiki i ka hale kiaka ma chetyrohsotmetrovoy alanui, hoalaala ia me ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo slabs. Kalepa pōʻeleʻele loa, e ku ana ma konaʻaoʻao, koho 'ē aʻe me ka mau kii o ka wa kahiko akua, a kahiko meʻe e loli ana i ka manao o ka malihini a me kona hemolele. Ma ke ala, i ke kulanakauhale i wale aesthetes, akā, no hoi he mea hiki kanaka - i hanaʻeliʻana ma lalo o ke alanui loaʻa ka luawai-ulu nōkahea nenoaiu.

Library - he makana i ka Roma Emperor

I waena o nā moÿomeheu ioauoa o ka honua kahiko i ike i ke kulanakauhale o Epeso no hoi no kona waihona, nona ka inoaʻo Celsus Polemeana - ka makua kāne o ka Roma Auguseto Tita Yuliya, nana i kukulu ia ma ka hoomanao ana iā ia, a hoʻonoho ihola i loko o kekahi o nā keʻena o kona sarcophagus. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoolewa ana o ka poe make i ka lehulehu hale i loko o ka Roma aupuni a pau ua like pohihihi keia, a ae wale i ka hihia o kūikawā hana maikai o ka mea i make.

I koena hakina o ka hale, ka mea, i kekahi o ka mea helehelena, koloka hoʻonaniʻia me ka allegorical kii, waiho i loko o ka niche. Once ka ohi ana o ka Waihona Puke o Celsus me heʻumikumamālua tausani pepa la hūnā ole wale i loko o cabinets, a ma luna o shelves, akā, kekahi ma ka papahele o kona akea keʻena.

Temple, mālamaʻia ka Gorgon Medusa

Ma waho aʻeo i ka luakini o Diana, ka mea i loko o ka hōʻailona kahiko o ke kulanakauhale, ka mea i kukulu ia ma Epeso no na wahi o ka hoomana. Kekahi o ia mea Adrian keʻena kapu, i nā mea hina no i hiki ke ike huli mai kinikini Street. Kona? Ieoaeunoai nā lā hoʻi i ka makahiki 138 BC. e ka. Mai kona kahiko nani o keia pagan luakini he mau wale kekahi mau koena hakina.

Iwaena o lakou - eha Corinthian kolamu e kākoʻo i ka triangular pediment me ka semicircular e pio mai i loko o ka waena. Loko o ka luakini 'oe ke' ike i ka bas-kokua o Medusa kiai ana i ka luakini, a ma luna o ka mea e ku pono paia - nā kiʻi o na kahiko akua, kekahi aoao ai kekahi e pili ana i ke kahua o ke kulanakauhale. Mua, he mau kekahi mau kii o ka loa maoli haku o ko ke ao nei - Roman i Emperor Maximian, Diocletian Gallery, akā, ua lilo keia mea, i ke kulanakauhale e neeaaia ho'āʻoʻia.

Ka wahi o ka richest nā kupa o ke kulanakauhale o Epeso

I ka moolelo o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ke au o Roma rula i immortalized a kukulu kokoke i ke komo ana i ka luakini o Hadrian sculptural eiiieaena i puni i ka wai puna o Trajan. I ka waenakonu o ka haku mele 'ana, ku kinikini kiʻi o ka Auguseto, mai a ka wai mokulele hēkī lani kaʻikaʻiʻia. A puni ia i loko o ka hōʻihi poses neo? Aaiiai? Mau kii o ka make ole e noho ana Olympus. I kēia lā i kēia mau sculptures hoi Ua wehi i ka iau keʻena.

E ku pono ana i ka luakini o Hadrian aia ma ka hale, kahi ana i noho ai hapa o ka wae kaiāulu o Epeso. E waiho ia i loko o ke kālā no hua'ōlelo, ka mea, ua he waiwai hapaha. Ke aupuni 'ma ka hillside, i ka hale i ua papahana ma ia i kekahi ala e ke kaupaku o kela a me keia o ia mea he foxmike oa ?? no ka mea e pili ke aupuni' o ka pae lalo. Ua pono-malamaia mosaic, i i wālua aoao ma ke alo o ka hale, haawi i ka manaʻo o ka hana maʻamau ma a lākou e noho ana e ola nei.

Hale ia lakou iho i koloka hoʻonaniʻia me frescoes a me sculptures o okoa, hapa 'ia' hoolaia a hiki i keia la. Lākou mau kanaka me, ma ka hou i nā loina i loko o ia mau hihia a pau, i nā akua kahiko, a me nā kiʻi o kaulana kanaka o ka hala. No ka laʻana, i kekahi o ia mau mea i pio Greek poe akeakamai Socrates.

Karistiano kapu kulanakauhale

Ma keia kulanakauhale mana ai coexist kaʻaoʻao o kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka wa kahiko paganism, a ua hakahaka e kona Christian moʻomeheu, kekahi o i o ka Basilica o St. John. Ma ka VI kenekulia, au Emperor Justinian kauoha e kūkulu ia i ka wahi, kahi, presumably, ua kanuʻia i ka lunaolelo - i ka mea kākau o ka "Apocalypse", e like me kekahi o ka Gospels.

Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Karistiano ahu o Epeso, kanalua, o ka hale kahi, e like me ke kaʻao, hoolilo i kona mau makahiki hope, Mother o Iesu Kristo - Hemolele Virgin Mary. Wahi a ke kaʻao, ua ma ke kea hoʻopakele aʻo mālama i kāna mea i aloha haumana - lunaolelo John, ka mea, malama ana i kapu mandate Kumu perevoz ia i kona hale ma Epeso.

Aia ka hoi he maikai loa ia kaʻao pili i kekahi o nā ana ke aupuni 'ma ka hillside aʻe i ka mimiki kuahiwi. E like me ke kaulana manaoio, i nā lā o ka hoomaau ana o ke Karistiano i loko o ka mea hoopakele ehiku kānaka uʻi, i hooiaio i ka manaoio oiaio. E hoola ia lakou mai kekahi make, i lawe mai ai maluna iho o lakou i ka Haku i ka hiamoe nui, kahi e pau keia mau kenekulia. E ala Karistiano opiopio i kāinoa mua palekana - kā lākou manaoio i ia manawa i ka moku'āina hoʻomana.