Kuekene Korol Karl 12: Kawaihae, mōʻaukala, kiʻi, makahiki o kona ola ana a me ka noho alii ana

Kekahi o ka loa controversial mō'ī o ke aupuni o Scandinavia i ka Kuekene Korol Karl 12. Ma kona noho aliʻi i ka naʻi o ka Scandinavian'āina, ua hoopili i ko lakou i kā mākou mokuna, akā, ia mea, e like me ka hopena o ke pio i loko o ke kaua, ua i ka hopena o Kuekene aupuni a pau. Kekahi o na koa nui loa o ka lāhui kanaka, a me ka hope ua Carl 12 - Kuekene ke alii? Kawaihae o ka mō'ī, e ae mai e nana i keia mea.

kamaliʻi

He aha ua ia kanaka - Kuekene Korol Karl 12? Pōkole Kawaihae o ka Mō'ī, e like me ka manaʻo, nā lā hoʻi i ka hanau ana o ke aupuni Pelekane kanaka. I ka mea, e ia i ka hoʻomaka wahi o ko kākou moʻolelo.

No laila, i ka wā e hiki mai Kuekene Korol Karl 12, i hānau i loko o Iune 1682 i loko o ke kulanakauhale nui, o Stockholm. Kona makua kāne i ke alii o Kuekene Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy mamo aliʻi, a me kona makuwahine - Ulrika Eleonora, ke kaikamahine a ke alii Frederik o Denemaka 3.

loa ka pono no ia manawa hoʻonaʻauao 12 Karl ua, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka mea i kana kane, ua paa nae ka'ōlelo kekahi mau 'ōlelo.

Pii a hiki i ka noho aliʻi

Karl 11, make aku la i kakahiaka nui, i kona makahiki 41, ka wā i wale nō 14 makahiki o kana keiki. No laila, Carl 12 - ke Kuekene alii. He Ua kau koke ka makua i ka make ma hope o loko o March 1697.

I loko nō makemake o kona makua kāne, a me kaʻiliahi makahiki 12 Karl Koi ikaika ma luna o ka hoʻomaopopo pono o kona mau makahiki, a kipaku aku i ka noho hooponopono.

Ka mua koa kai eʻe

Mai ka makahiki mua o kona noho aliʻi,ʻo ia ke komo pū o lilo i loko o nā koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe Carl 12 - ke Kuekene alii. Ke Kawaihae o keia lula ua kokoke loa haku o nā wehewehena o kona paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Ma ka flurry o ka ha awina mea i ka hope kūlana pâʻani 'o ia ma ka kūlana uʻi a maximalism.

12 Karl ike ia ia e ia i confrontation me Rusiaʻahahui, Denmark a me Poland, akā, aole nae, i ole kānalua i hoʻomaka me kēia mau'āina i loko o ka confrontation. Kona keʻehi mua oia i hoouna mai e ku e ia Denmark i ka 1700. Pela i hoomaka ai ka Great Northern War.

Ke pretext no ka oihana koa 'ana i ka hoouka hoahānau Karl 12, King Frederik o Denemaka, he Ally o ka Kuekene mō'ī Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Lawe ana me ia i ka kŘpa a uuku koa contingent, Karl i 12 māmā pae i loko o ke kapikala o kona enemi - i ke kulanakauhale o Copenhagen. Decisiveness a me ka mämä holo o ka hana o ke Kuekene ke aliʻi i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e noi aku i ka Denemaka mō'ī o ko ke ao nei, i ole manao e like me ka wikiwiki o ka opiopio Charles.

Denmark hoihoi mea, kena ae la huʻi eha ma ka naau i waena o kona allies - ke Polish ke alii August 2, ka mea i kekahi o ka poe koho o Saxony, a me ka Lūkini tsar Peter 1, hope inoa kapakapa ka Nui.

Ke kaua i loko o ka Baltic States

Ma Feberuari 1700 i ke Säkona poʻe hao wale hoʻopuni aʻela iā August 2 Kuekene kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Baltic States. Koke e kaua hui i ka ikaika o na elele o Anati-Kuekeneʻahahui - 1 Petero.

Lūkini hao wale hoʻopilikiaʻia ke kūlanakauhale Baltic o Narva a me Ivangorod, iā lākou e Kuekene. Ma keia kulana, Carl 12 hou i hōʻike ai kona manao paa a me ka poe ola, manaʻo. Ma ke poo o ka expeditionary mau pūʻali, mua kaulana i ko lakou lanakila ma luna o Denmark, pae aku la ia i loko o ka Baltic States. I loko nō o ka mea i na koa o ka poe kaua Lūkini ma lalo o ke kauoha o Field Ilamuku de Ka Croix He ekolu mau manawa ma luna ma mua o ka Kuekene kaua, Karl ua mai makau, e haawi kuleana kaua. Ua ukuia no kona wiwo ole me Kuekene lanakila piha ka lanakila. Russian koa i ae nui laulā a me ka mea poho, i pau ka liu o nā mea a pau kā lākou mea kaua.

Mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka Pribaltikoy Karlom 12 i hoihoi hou ia.

War me Poland

Na kekahi hoa paio o Charles 12, ka poe i ka hana, ua ka Moi o Poland, a poe koho o Saxony i ka ia manawa ma August 2.

Ua pono e mai la oia i ka August 2 hiki wale hilinai aku maluna o kona poe Säkona koa. Ma Poland, oia ua he malihini, kono ai i ka noho aliʻi. Ma waho o ka loa pili aupuni'ōnaehana o ka mokuaina me ka wa e kaawale aku o kaʻoʻoleʻa centralized'ōnaehana, nui ku okoa ana o ke aliʻi, a i ka mana aliʻi mea he nawaliwali. Not e hōʻike i ka mea i loko o Poland he ua kū'ē i ka August 2, makaukau Karl 12. Ka alakai kūlana e kākoʻo i loko o ka mea pâʻani magnate Stanislaw Leszczynski.

Kuekene Korol Karl 12 i ka 1702 ma Poland. Ma ke kaua o Klishove ia i ili nā August 2, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i kona poe koa heluna hapauuku emi iki mahope oʻenemi hao wale i nā manawaʻelua. Na Swedes hoopio i ka enemi mea kaua.

I ka 1704, 'elele o ka Polish gentry, ka mea i kākoʻo Charles 12, August 2 a me ka hewa ana i hai mai ke alii Stanislava Leschinskogo. De facto mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka mokuna o Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav ua hiki ke hookupaa aku me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Kuekene mō'ī i ka 1706. ma hope o 12 Carl hope wawahi i ka August 2 a hoʻoikaika i ka la mahope, e hoʻopau Altranshtedsky ao nei, e like me ka mea āna i kipaku aku i ka Polish noho aliʻi, akā, mālama i ka Electorate o Saxony Ua hiki.

Hike i loko o Rusia

Ke'ī mai, ma ka hopena o ka 1706 o ka holoʻokoʻaʻahahui, kū'ē i ka Kuekene, wale Rusia i koe i loko o nā kaua. Akā, kona hoʻopaʻi manao i ke sila. I ka poe koa o Charles lanakila ma luna o ka Lūkini i ka mea ia manawa confronting a me nā Hawaii. Ano, i ka wa Peter 1 nalowale allies, wale i ka mana hiki ke hoola i ka Lūkini aupuni mai ka huina hoihoi.

Naʻe, oiai ka Kuekene King Carl 12 Ua noho ma ka Polish mea, Peter 1 e hoʻokele e kuikui ae la i kona moʻo o Baltic kūlanakauhale, a hiki i loaʻa i loko o ka Wahiiki o kona hou kapikala - St. Petersburg. Maoli ai, keia kahua, kena ae la e poino ai lakou Scandinavian mō'ī. He hoʻoholo ihola e hana aku me kekahi puupuu a me kaʻenemi, hoʻopio aku i Moscow.

Like i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Poland, ma mua o ka kaua o Charles 12 loaʻa allies. E like me ka hoʻokomo-i Little Russian Hetman Ivan Mazepa a me Cossack ilamuku, i hauʻoli i ka hoʻokumu 'ana o ko lakou ku okoa ma ka tsarist? Eia. I kākoʻo Mazeppa hoʻokani i ke kūlana ka paʻa 'ana ma o ka olelo hooholo, e neʻe Moscow Charles i ma Little Rusia. A nei, ka Peter 1 i i manaoio i keia collusion, e like me ka mea nō kupaʻa i ka Cossack hetman, akā, i ka mea o ka berita ma waena o ke Kuekene alii, a me Mazepa ia oi ma mua o hookahi hoike. Eia hou kekahi, he Ally o Charles 12, i manao ia e ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, a ma ia manawa ua ma kaua me ka mana Lūkini.

Ma ka Akuma ka o ka 1708 i ka poʻe hao wale o Charles 12, komo aku la i ka aina o ka Lūkini aupuni, a ua koke ka Russian aupuni a pau, e lilo. Ke Kuekene ke alii hele aku la i Little Rusia, a me kona hoʻopakele, mai ka Baltic neʻe General Lewenhaupt. Ma September 1708 ia ana ua hee o e Lūkini lehulehu ma lalo o ka Forest, a me ka ole ka manawa i ka hoʻohui me kona mau alii.

kaua ana o Poltava

12 Carl (King o Kuekene) a me Peter 1 halawai ma 1709 ma ka kaua o Poltava, i mea ka Scandinavian mō'ī hoʻopilikia no kekahi mau mahina. Ua nae i ke kuleana kaua o ole wale hoʻokahi wale nō Lūkini kai eʻe, akā, i ka pau ana o ka Hawaiian War. Ke Kaua, he ino ia, a me ke koena e ka lń i loko o hoʻokahi hema, a laila, i loko o kekahi ao ao. Hope, mahalo i ke ano akamai o Peter 1, ua paʻa akula, wāwahi ihola i nā Swedes. Ka mea, nalowale aneane 10,000 pepehi a me ka eha, a ua hoopio hou ma mua o 2,5 tausani. People.

12 Karl iho i hoehaia, a pakele māhunehune me ka mea laʻa kanaka, e waiho i ka nui loa o ka poe koa, a hiki i kona hopena. Ma hope o ia, ke koena o ka Kuekene koa capitulated ma Perevolochna. Ke'ī mai, i ka helu o ka poe pio Swedes mahuahua ma 10-15 tausani. Man.

kaua hiʻona'āina ua no Rusia, a i paopao e ka Kuekene King Carl 12. Photos o ka ekalesia, i i kukulu ai ma ka hoomanao ana i keia hanana nui ma luna o ke kahua o ke kaua, ua kau ma luna.

Ke kumu no ka make

Akā, no kekahi mea aʻu i nalowale i ke kaua Carl 12 - Kuekene ke alii? Makahiki o ka mō'ī i ka noho alii ana i kaha maha nani lanakila, a me ka nui loa ana. He mea i ke ano akamai o Peter 1?

O ka holo ana, i ka Lūkini mō'ī koa tālena pâʻani 'o ia i ka nui kūlana i loko o ka lanakila maluna iho o ka Swedes, akā, ua'ē aʻe nui aʻe. Lūkini koa palua, a malia o aku, ma mua o Kuekene. Ivan Mazepa, ua manaoia ke kökua no ka mea, Carl ua hikiʻole, e hoomaopopo i ka nui o ka Cossacks a hiki i kaʻaoʻao o ka Kuekene mō'ī. Eia hou, i ka Kauai e noho ana i loko o wikiwiki, e kōkua.

A nui kūlana i loko o ke pio ana o Charles i ka mea i ka hoʻololi i loko o ka ?? eoi? O Rusia i haawiia mai ia ia ia mea,ʻaʻole maʻalahi. Kona poe koa i ae mai i kekahi kumu nui ole-hakakā poho pili me ka oolea o ke kai eʻe. Eia hou, ka mea, ua mau'ōkalakala ole Lūkini lio hana ino mai ia kaua a me ka pee. Penei, o ka huina lilo o ka Kuekene kaua i ka manawa o kona hiki ana i Poltava, manaʻo no ka aneane i ka hapakolu o ka poʻe hao wale. Ma hope o ia, no ka Swedes nō ma kahi o na malama ekolu, hoopuni aku Poltava. Lūkini koa mea ole wale palua ka Swedes i loko o ka helu, akā, ma laila kŘpa a hou i kekahi, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka wāwahi enemi kaua.

Mai poina i ka wa Karl 12 ma ka manawa o ke kaua, a ua ua pūkaua kaulana, akā, aka hoi, ka mea, ua wale 27 o kona mau makahiki, a me ka wa opiopio, - he pinepine hoa o ka ona hewa.

E noho ana i loko o Bendery

A pau i ke koena o koʻu ola 12 Charles ua he succession o make ai, a setbacks. Poltava kaua lilo i ano o Rubicon ma waena o nā makahiki o ka nani a me ka hoohaahaa ana. Ma hope iho o ka make weliweli ma luna o Carl Peter 1 12 Holo akula i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o kona Ally - ka Turkish Suletana. Kuekene mō'ī i papani ai hoi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Bendery, i ma ka ?? eoi? O Contemporary Transnistria.

Losing i ka poe koa a pau, i mea, hoʻoikaika ihola e kaua aku i ka Lūkini diplomacy ke alii o Kuekene. He incited ka Turkish Suletana, e hele i ke kaua me ka Lūkini aupuni a pau. I ka 1711, i kona pono hope e hele mai i ka fruition. Ma waena o Rusia, a me ka Ottoman aupuni a hoʻomaka kekahi kaua. Nā hualoaʻa i loaa ole ia no kona Peter 1:ʻo ia kokoke i pio, a nalowale kekahi o ko lākou mau hooilina. Akā, Carl a me 12 o keia lanakila, ka Kauai lanakila 'o ia i kekahi mea. A, e like me ke ao nei, manao ma 1713 ma waena o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau a me Rusia, ke Kuekene ke aliʻi i limanui kipaku e ka Suletana o Turkish hooilina. Aia i ka hiki clash me ka Janissaries, ma a Carl i poino.

Pela i pau ai ka eha-makahiki au o ka noho ana o ke Kuekene ke aliʻi i loko o Bender. Iloko o keia manawa, kona aupuni a emi mai i ka nui me ka nui loa. Ua Ua nalowale i loko o ka mokuna o Finland, ka Baltic Hui Pūʻia a me Germany. Ma Poland hou noho alii iho la longtime hoa paio o Charles 12 - August 2.

Ohana

Heʻumikumamālua nā lā 12 Carl kela aoao i ka pau ana o 'Eulopa, a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Stralsund - Kuekene waiwai ma ka hema kahakai o ka Baltic kai. Ua pono, Ua precipitated e ka Danes. Karl ho'āʻo e pale aku i ke kulanakauhale me ka uuku contingent o ka poʻe hao wale, akā, holomua. Ma hope iho o ia, ua neʻe akula iā Kuekene, e malama i kona kuleana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o Scandinavia.

Carl Hoomau iho la lakou hana ana i loko o Norway, a ua hapa o ka Denemaka kalaunu. I ka Ia manawa, hoʻomaopopo i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o kona kulana,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo ana e manao i ka maluhia Kuikahi me Rusia.

make

E like me ka oihana mana, Karl 12, i pepehi ia ma 1718 ma Norway ma kaʻauana pōkā, e kaua ana i ka Danes. Eia kekahi ma ka pā kaua Fredriksten.

E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, i kona make ana ua i ka hopena o ke kipi ana o ka Kuekene aristocracy, i i i hauʻoli i ka haule kuwaho o ke alii.

He nō he mea pohihihi ninau no ma kona lima, i nalowale i nā makahiki Kuekene King Carl 12 o ke olaʻana o kēia mō'ī - mai ka 1682 a hiki i 1718. Make loaʻaʻo Charles i loko o 36 makahiki.

General ano

Nani, waiwai, akā, pōkole ola ola Kuekene Korol Karl 12. Kawaihae, i ka mōʻaukala o kona paipai aʻo kai eʻe a me ka make i manaoia ma keia loiloi. Ka hapanui o moʻolelo pili no hoi i Karl 12 ua he nui koa alakaʻi i ike pehea e ake e loaa o nā kaua, me ka poʻeʻuʻuku koa ma mua o kaʻenemi. Eia naʻe, he mea i kona nawaliwali like me ka statesman. 12 Karl ua hiki ole ke loaa i ka wā e hiki mai pomaikai o Kuekene. Kela manawa, i kona wa e ola ana ma mua ikaika aupuni a hoomaka ae la e haule iho ma ke kaʻawale.

Akā, o ka papa, Karl 12 o kekahi o na personalities loa poʻokela ma Kuekene mōʻaukala.