Nā fungi i okoa mai mea kanu a me nā meaola

Fish - He hanana ola mea. Kupaianahaʻano a me kā lākou hana, e hana i kekahi symbiosis me ka loaʻano o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu 'oi aku ia i ke ākea huahelu. Nā Fish i okoa mai nā meaola e ola ana a me ke kumu e ku mai ana ma ke kuokoa aupuni o ke ao nei e noho ana? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, o ka mawaho na hoailona o ke kiekie ae Fish ua like nō ia mea kanu. A hūʻole nō ia i ka hookahi-aa? Fungi, ma na mea he nui i ka mahalo i 'ano like me ka koʻohune. No laila, aha fungi mea okoa mai ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona?

pōkole Mea Maluna

Nā mea a pau e noho ana ma luna o mākou Honua, ua māheleʻia ka noiʻi i loko o elima aupuni:

• Animal Kingdom;
• ke kanu aupuni;
• Fungi aupuni;
• Koʻohune aupuni;
• Nā mea hoʻomaʻi aupuni.

Nā Fish i okoa mai lala o nā aupuni a me ke kumu ka mea, kaukahi, no na mai? ʻepekema, i oi aku mamua o 100 tausani? Ueo o fungi. Lakou, ma ka huli, e hoʻolaha i loko o ekolu oihana.

• mau Fish;
• oomycetes;
• lichens.

Këia i ka pukana mua o fungi okoa mai mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ua hana ma ka 'epekema mycology.

Haʻalele fungi i mea kanu

Higher fungi mycelium ninoaaeyao he nui ili. He nui? Ueo noho ma symbiosis me na kumu o na laau ho okumu i ka mycorrhiza. Ka mawaho loa o ka fungus - fruiting kino - hāpai i kekahi kuleana pili i nā'ōlelo. A me ka mea okoa, mai kanu i nā Fish? Ke pane waiho kuhikuhi ma ke ano ma i fungi extract ka mahuaola.

• Haʻalele mea kanu Fish nele chlorophyll - ka mea, i ole hiki i ka paka ke aloha mea mai'okanikaʻole mea. Byʻano o kaʻai Fish, e like holoholona, e heterotrophs. I waena o Fish he parasites mea i maʻi o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Na maʻi i kapaia mycoses. Aia nā saprophytes, recycle make ke aloha mea - ka i koe iho o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. A mau mea nui i ksilofity hoopili aku la ola a me ka make lāʻau. Symbionts pōmaikaʻi ai ka "haku", ua loko mai o ka pono ke alu like no lakou iho. Aia nō i Fish Moana e noho ana i loko o ka papa o ka honua, a me ka lepo ma luna o pūnawele uuku ilo.
• Ke pūnao o ka fungi mea i 'ano like me na holoholona. Nā polokina, e like kanu - piha, a me ka hope hoʻololi iho huahana mea urea. Ma ka decomposition o ka make fungus nā polokina e pipili i ka holoholona alkaloid - cadaveric make. Fish ikehu hua mai la ma ka splitting o ka monakō koko a me nā mea kanu - o carbon dioxide. Ke pūnao o lecithin makana a me ka glycogen, i mea e noho ma ka mea kanu.
• Make Fish ma ka Nine Inch 'ole i like i ka mea awaawa make holoholona (nahesa), akā,ʻaʻole mea kanu.
• Ke aeea pa ma ka fungi ua pono i olelo ia, a ua haku o nā polokina, a chitin, kākaʻikahi i mea kanu - mai ka kelulose.

No laila, ua Fish wale nana e like mea kanu. Kumu oko fungi mai na holoholona mea me ka nui loa emi.

Nā Fishʻokoʻa mai na holoholona

Aka, eia fungi e hoohui mai ia ia me ka mea kanu.

• Fungi hoʻokemu māhuaola ma ka ili honua - ka mea, i ole digestive kahua.
• Like mea kanu, fungi iʻoʻoleʻa aeea pa - holoholona aeee i kekahi mauʻokoʻa iwi.
• Cell mitosis a me ke kahua o ka hou keena ma ka fungi mea like me ka poe o ka eleele ka līoho.
• hiki ole Fish neʻe kū kaʻawale.

Kekahi ma mua o fungi oko mai holoholona a me nā mea kanu - o aeee i i mau Kora naʻEsau, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā - thalli - hoʻohui pū i ka ai iiiaanoaa o Kora naʻEsau. Aole kanu aole hoi keia uaʻaʻole hoʻi i mālama i loko o na holoholona - ka halepaahao mau loaʻa he hookahi Kora naʻEsau.

Fungi a me koʻohune

Na kekahi fungi mai koʻohune? Ma ka wahi mua, i waena o nā koʻohune i nā autotrophs a me heterotrophs. Other oko ao:

• Ke keena i nuclei o koʻohune.
• Koʻohune - wale nō hookahi-aa? Meaola.
• Koʻohune i microscopic i ka nui, a me ka hapanui fungi hiki ke ike me ka maka kapa ole.
• e hiki ke neʻe kū kaʻawale me ke kōkua o ke flagella kekahi mauʻano o ka koʻohune.

Kekahi mea nui ololi ka ai kā fungi mai koʻohune - ka hooulu ana o ke ola ka lewa. I loko nō o ka mea i ka punahelu (i mea ole oi ma mua o ka mycelium o ka fungus) ua 'ike' ia e kānakaʻepekema kekahi o ka loa hoi i hoomanawanui i meaola luna, e hopu i ka ?? eoi? O kaianoho koholā i koe koʻohune. Ka laulā o ke ana wela a me ka 'ē aʻe nā hoailona o ke kaiapuni koʻohune immeasurably oi aku ma mua o ia o nā mea a pau nā mea ola a pau hoi.

He aha ka i ka likeʻole, mai ka lichen fungi

Māhele Lichens - nomenclatural pa alima o ke aupuni o ke fungi. Haʻalele fungi o lichens ia mea i na la mahope, ua ole oi ma mua o ka symbiosis o ka līoho a me fungi. Mycelium ulana pūʻia pae paha i hana i ke kino o ka lichen, a ma waena o filaments ola uliuli-omaomao a me ka uliuli līoho - aa?. Lichen ola na wahi a pau he mea malamalama. Fungal mycelium absorbs ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku oihana mua o ke kaiapuni, a ua loaa ka līoho mai ka lewa i carbon dioxide a me kēia mau waiwai i synthesized mai ke aloha. Penei, i keʻano o ka meaʻai - avtogeterotrofny, lichen i haawi mai i kekahi mau pono nā i ka maoli Fish a me nā mea kanu ma ka alo.

Epekema nō i i hele mai ai i ka manaʻo ma ma ka muli ua nānā AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN fungus a me ka līoho. E like me kekahi kumumanaʻo, ia mea he ae pono ke alu like. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, lichen - fungus parasitic ma ka līoho. Aie i ka mea i līoho multiplies hoʻomaka koke, kona piha loa ana, aole ia i kānāwai. A i loko o ke kolu o kaʻano, ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka fungus a me ka līoho poe like ae parasitism loa me ka hoʻolohe pono i ke kānāwai o Meriba.

Ke kū hoʻokahi o nā Fish

Fungi ua loa like ma ka 'ole a me ka kaianoho koholā. Ka mea, e lawe mai i kekahi kanaka o ka poe pono a me ka ia ia ka poino. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o fungi ma ka holo o ka waiwai - hoʻopōʻaiapuni o make ke aloha mea, o ka oi aku lāʻau, a me ke kahua o ka lepo. Fungi paka he nui helu o biologically hana waiwai, a mea paha iʻanoʻenehana Aey? Acaeoey ma microbiology a me ka biotechnology.

Nā'ōlelo fungi ana i loko o nāʻano likeʻole. 'O kēia kekahi oi ma mua o na fungi i okoa mai mea kanu a me nā mea e ola ana, e ana hoʻohana 1-2? Aneii hana. Ma fungi nā'ōlelo hiki:

• Vegetative - hapa o ka mycelium, i opuu ae 'ole' oihana hoʻonaʻauao.
• Asexual - ma spores (conidia ole sporangia).
• Wahine - ma ka merging mau iniiaiie mycelia.

Ka papa hana ua ka nānā 'ana ma luna o multiplication o ka Mea Maluna o fungi i loko o ke aupuni.

Aʻano o nā Fish

Keʻano o nā ano a me ki ina hana like o ka? Aneii a me ka hanai ana kaʻina - keia ka mea fungi mea okoa, mai nā meaola. Ka loa kaulana i waena o ka amanita Fish loaa, no ka mea, e hoʻohana i ko lakou fruiting kino kanaka i ka ai. Kumuʻiʻo i loko o kā lākou waiwai, he like me kaʻiʻo o ka holoholona. Aia nō ma luna o 8,000 laha 'e ulu ana a puni o ka poepoe honua. No i komo ai keʻokeʻo Fish, puffball Fish, a, ma luna o nā mea a pau me ka hoola ana i ka waiwai.

Fish parasites i nui poino i ka mahiʻai hana. Smut fungi i na maʻi o ka cereal popo nana e likeʻeleʻele wahi lilelile, a me Polypore noho ma luna o ka laau nui ilpko o. Ka hiki ilalo lilo i hookahi-aa? Fungus Mucor poho ka ai, ho okumu i ke keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana ma luna o lākou. Radio ke ano o keia fungus he kūlana 'oluʻolu, akā, ia mea pinepine i ke kumu o ka spoilage o ka berena,ʻai a me ka hua. Fungi o ka genus Aspergillus a me penicillum mea kiekie fungi, akā, hana ma ka ai like luku me Mucor. Ma waho aʻeo i ke anoe o ka kūpapakū, ke mycelium nā pōʻalo mycotoxins i hiki i kaʻapu kōheoheo ana o kanaka a me ka holoholona. Kēia waiwai o nā kanaka hana a me ka maikaʻi hana: kekahi mauʻano o nā fungi paka ai '- antibiotics me i pono mea koʻohune maʻi. Lower fungi hewa e pono ai ka lehulehu o lakou i na mai o ka hua, a me ka lau: ka hopena o makika,, "blackleg", " 'uala Ka maʻi' aʻai."

Ka hū mea no hoi Fish. Kēia mau meaʻuʻuku multicellular meaola ka'ololaha eʻalo mai i loko o ka 'ia waiwai ma ke kōpaʻa. Me kā lākou kōkua, he kanaka produces waina, pia, a me kanakaʻona mau kea, mea breads, e hanai i ka holoholona. hū parasitism i mea kanu hiki aku ai i ka maʻi i kapaia "powdery he mae wale", a me na kanaka a me nā holoholona ka mea i thrush.

Fish nā'ōuli rodnyaschie ia me ka holoholona a me nā mea kanu. I helehelena ka mea, i nui like ai i na mea kanu, a me ka hoonohonoho hou ana o 'ona a me keʻano o kaʻai - i na holoholona. He nui unicellular fungi i like i ka koʻohune, akā, ma laila nō nui oko ao, kuhikuhi ma ke kaʻina hana o nā'ōlelo. No laila,ʻepekema pono hoomaopopo i kēia mau mea kupaianaha ma ka hookaawale aupuni - i ke aupuni o ke fungi.