Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich:ʻike hoʻokumu a me ka pōkole Kawaihae o Nabokov

Ka pulakaumaka o keia 'atikala e ia he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o Nabokov, Lūkini a me Amelika mea kākau, ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka entomologist. Ma ka moʻokalaleo o ka 20th kenekulia, kēia mea kākau i ka kūikawā wahi i loko o ka wahi mua no ka mea, Nabokov i kākau ai i loko o 'ōlelo a elua - Russian a me ka' ōlelo Pelekānia. He lilo i Classic o nā Lūkini a me Amelika moʻokalaleo, ua hana nui na hana i loko o nā Huli i.

Eia hou, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Nabokov nei wale ma Amerika. Ma Rusia ka mea i paʻiʻia ma mua emigrating ma lalo o ka pseudonym Vladimir Sirin. I loko nō o ka oko kākau moʻolelo o ka puke, Nabokov ka hana ua wehewehe aku ma ka pono a me ke kuʻikahi, a me ka noʻeau kuanaʻike.

kamaliʻi

Pōkole Kawaihae o Nabokov hoʻomaka April 24, 1899 ma St. Petersburg. Ia ia lā, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo i hanau. Kona makua kāne i kekahi hereditary alii, he koʻikoʻi politician a me ka loio-lokomaikaʻi. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka makuahine, Helena, i hele mai, mai ke ano o Gold Rukavishnikov. Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Vladimir i paʻa i loko o St. Petersburg, ka ohana i koe no ke kauwela waiwai o baht.

Koke ma mua o ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana Nabokov puka 'o ia Tenishev School me ka hanohano,ʻaʻole wale academically, akā, i ka haʻuki.

emigration

Pōkole Kawaihae o Nabokov hoomau iho la oia i ka 1918, ka wāʻo ia, a me kona ohana e holo ana i ka Crimea, a laila, i ka makahiki hope, e waiho ana me Rusia ka wa pau ole. Nabokovs i noho ai i loko o Pelelina. Here Vladimir Vladimirovich hele i Kamepelika University, a puka 'o ia i ka 1922.

Ma hope o këia Nabokov mai ka 1922 a hiki i 1937, ua noho ia ma Pelelina, laila, neʻe i Farani. Eia naʻe, la oia i kana mau makahiki, a ma ka 1940, pu me kana wahine, a me ke keiki, ka mea ma hope lilo i mea hoolea o ke keaka mele i loko o Milana, ma ka 'Akelanika, a noho i loko o ka United States, kahi ana i hoolilo ai ka aʻe 20 makahiki. Aiaʻo ia i komo i loko o ke kākau 'ana, a ao mai la Lūkini a me ka haole moʻokalaleo ma Cornell University. Penei, waiwai: kau akamai Nabokova Kawaihae.

A hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka lā hiki ke inā ma ka makahiki 1945, ka wā o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka 'Amelika kupa. Ma Amerika, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo mea i kaulana me ka entomologist. Ka ukupanee i kaʻohiʻohi Letra Kolohe Kai, Nabokov ua hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o kamaliʻi.

Rusia i loko o nā hana o Nabokov

Pōkole Kawaihae a Nabokov mai nei i loko o 1959, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoi iʻEulopa. Hereʻo ia i noho ai ma Kuikilana, kahi āna i koe ia a hiki i kona make ana.

Nabokov koke ku i ka kūikawāʻoihana i loko o koʻikoʻi a hanohano i loko o Paris, a Pelelina palapala, ai 'diaspora. Kēia meaʻano nui ku pono ana i ka mea i Rusia, Vladimir Vladimirovich Ua loa okoa mai ka mea i kākauʻia Bunin, Zaitsev. Shmelev a me Kuprin.

Ma Rusia, Nabokov i recognizable kulanakauhale a me na kauhale olaila. Kona huapalapala i ole typical no Lūkini moʻokalaleo, ka mea hiki ole ke wahi i kekahi papa. He aha mea kahaha ko oukou naau, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o Nabokov ka hana a me ka hōʻike 'ia nei o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a hoohiolo, mai luna a pau o ka mau ke ola o ka Lūkini alii ko lakou.

Ma na hana o Lūkini mea kākau akaka e like me ke kiʻi o ka nalowale kamaliʻi. Nabokov haawi ia i ka hala ole, a me ka harmonious honua. Ke idyllic honua o ka pomaikai a me ka oluolu. He mea i poino,ʻaʻohe eha,ʻaʻohe lepo. No ka Nabokov, ke ao nei o kona'āina i Konakele. Paʻahau i kona nani a me ka nui.

Hana ma Russian

Pōkole Kawaihae Nabokova V. V. hiki ole me ka loiloi 'ana i kāna hana. Ka mea kākau iho noʻonoʻo i ka kānaka apau i mākaukau loa nui o kana mau hana he pono 'ōlelo. Ua pili nā i kona Lūkini a me ka haole hana. Eia naʻe, he impeccable a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia koi e Nabokov ka ho'āʻo pono nui, no ka mea,ʻo ia wale nō i kākau ai no ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o kā lākou mau' ōlelo. Mastering kekahi 'ōlelo i kokua Nabokov ole wale i loko o ka haku mele' ana o kana mau hana, akā, i loko o ka unuhi o ka panina Lūkini moʻokalaleo (Lermontov, Pushkin, Tiutchev).

Eia naʻe, Nabokov mau hana i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo' ē, ua nui okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. No laila, no ka mea, wehewehe aku kona Lūkini-'ōlelo novels ma na kēia mau hiʻona: Russian meʻe hoʻomanaʻo like me ka nalowale paradaiso; kū'ē i ka kuokoa makakū kanaka o kekahi ho'āʻoʻana, e lawe aku i ko lakou ku okoa. He oiaio no ka mea kēia mau hana: "Ka Gift", "manao", "Ka Luzhin Pale Kaua".

makakū nā loina

More ma mua o kekahi mea, Vladimir Nabokov (Kawaihae ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma luna) hiki ole tolerate vulgarity. Kēia mau hua'ōlelo kapa iho la oia he mea maʻiʻo. Vulgarity - i ka bourgeoisie i loko o ke ano i loko i ka mea, ua i maopopo Flaubert. Oia hoi, ia mea he kulana kahi kālaiʻike, mōʻaukala a me ka pono infringes ma ke akamai. I mea no ke aha la Nabokov hoahewa Andre Malraux, Thomas Mann a me Dostoevsky. A me Gogol loaʻa 'ole no ka waiwai kūʻai o ka lawelawe hewa a me ka ano o ka "uuku kanaka," a no kona nani' ōlelo a me ka kaila.

Vulgarity ma Nabokov - i ka pono i loko o ka moʻokalaleo kupa. No laila, ka mea, no laila, inaina i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni-kemokalaka noʻonoʻo loi o Rusia. Kēia manaʻo ua loa piha lewa i loko o ka puke "Ka Gift." Nabokov pau kekahi mokuna o ka huina hoonui ano o ke ola ana o Nikolai Chernyshevsky, ka mea kaulana hoʻokahuli aupuni democrat.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i manaoio aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o ke akamai - aesthetic makemake, aole ma mua o kekahi mea hiki pomaikai. A hoike ana o ka vulgarity Nabokov manao a me ka totalitarian? Eiia io, e like me Hitler a me Stalin. Kēia palapala Ua lewa i loko o nā novels "lena Sinister", "kono i kekahi ka laweia", ka hula "ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka Waltz", nā moʻolelo o ka "extermination o Wiliama", "wren" a me na mea e ae.

Ke meʻe o ko Nabokov ka honua - he artist, he kanaka me ka makana makakū. No ka laʻana, Fyodor Godunov-Cherdyntsev, Aleksandr Luzhin, Cincinnatus, a me kekahi poe e ae. Na ka pūʻulu pinepineʻia i loko o kekahi kulana home 'ole ia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola e' alo i ke ao nei a pau, e paku ana i kā lākou mau kānaka apau ke kūʻokoʻa.

'Amelika moʻokalaleo

He nui kona kaumaha no nā manaʻo o kāna hana i loko o English moʻokalaleo Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Pōkole Kawaihae no ka mea kākau nā mea a pau o kona 'oihana, no laila mākou hiki ole ole i ka hōʻike i ka poe hana i i hana wale aku no.

Ua mālama ma kaʻike hoʻokumu Nabokov ka papa kuhikuhi ano o kana mau hana - o ka 'ōlelo. Stylist a me ka 'ae waha' balancing hana - i ka mea maoli haʻaheo o Vladimir Vladimirovich.

No ka 'Amelika novels o Nabokov ( "keʻokeʻo malamalama", "Ke Real Life o Sebastian Knight," "E kamaʻilio mai, hoʻomanaʻo", "Other Shores", "lena Sinister" a me kekahi poe e ae.) Ua wehewehe aku ma ka Akä naÿe o oe me ka oiaio, ike maopopo a me ka ike maopopo like' aka sanity a me ka aupuni vulgarity.

"Lolita." (Nabokov)

Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu, pokole hōʻike iʻaneʻi, e hiki ole me ka hoohiki ana o ka controversial a acclaimed Romana Nabokova - "lolita." (1955). 'O kēia ka hana wale no ka mea kākau, i ka mea unuhi i loko o Russian.

Ke kumu o ka'āina o ka "lolita." I ke aloha moʻolelo o ka makua haku a me ka kaikamahine o ka umikumamalua. Naʻe, i ka'āina - pololei i ka mea hoʻonani no ke kiʻi o existential angst. Originality huahana ninoieo i hoʻohuihui huliāmahi. Ma mua na hana o Nabokov ua maopopo hiki hoʻokaʻawale iki ma waena o vulgarity a me maoli tālena. A ma "lolita.", E hui mau lani a mau, kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi mea hiki ole.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano, lolita., Ma ka kekahi lima, o ka epitome o ka vulgarity. Aka, ma ka oia, ke kaikamahine kekahi manawa mńlie "inexplicable, chaste aloha."

"Lolita.", Hoʻowahāwahā kona hauli, e leie aku oe e ike i ka oiaio noʻeau honua o Nabokov. Kēia ao nei no na ia luna kānāwai o aesthetics, e like me ka mea kākau ia ia iho.

Kaʻao e pili ana i Nabokov

Aia He He lōʻihi-paʻa manaoio i mea ihola ia okoa mai nā Lūkini moʻolelo Vladimir Nabokov maʻamau Vitae i ka papaʻaina i hoopuni keʻae i keia. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole he oiaio ia mau mea. Mua, ia mea C. Brewer ka hoʻomauʻana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a oi ua hōʻike hewa i M. Yu. Lermontovu a me A. S. Pushkinu. Ka lua, Nabokov ia iho manawa a me ka nui mahalo a me ka hoomaikai aku e pili ana i kaʻike hoʻokumu L. N. Tolstogo. A lohe o Vladimir Vladimirovich haʻi'ōlelo e pili ana i keia mea kākau,ʻo ia i kākauʻana ma luna o ka mea e Tolstoy pinepine loaʻa hohonu symbolic kiʻi.

Kekahi hewa i ka pono i Nabokov oia hoi ke anu esthete, ka poe i makaukau no e lawe mai i ka amorality a me ka mea malihini mehana. Ma ka mea ku ole, ka mea kākau moʻolelo 'Imi kū'ē despotism a me ka ikaika i loko o nā mea a pau kona hoike ana. Ultimately Nabokov ka wahi mea benevolent.

"Hell"

'O kēia ka hope puke i kākauʻia e Nabokov. Kēia hana Ua loa okoa mai nā mea a pau mamua hookupaa mea kākau. Eia hou, i ka "Hell" ua ua manaoia postmodern puke, e like me ka huina hoonui ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka walaʻauʻana i kūpono o keia au - intertext.

Nui o ka mea i Nabokov i hui pūʻia i loko o kona hanaia'na o mau Huli a me stylistic kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. Me ka postmodern hana "Hell" lawe pu, a me kekahi kukui, a hoomaka ae la i ke konane e parody. Aʻole ma ka iho, Nabokov hoʻohana okoa 'ōlelo styles, HEN, mai kiʻekiʻe-syllable a pau aneane alanui maʻa - a pau ma ka mea e hōʻoi' i ka hana o ka mea heluhelu, e kuapo i ka singularity o kana hana.

Ua hele mai la a hiki i ka pau i ke Kawaihae o Nabokov. Pokole e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea, ua olelo mai ma luna, nae, nō koe, e hōʻike i ka make ana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. V. V. Nabokov make iho la o July 3, 1977 ma Kuikilana.