'O ka mea o ka mea kino ka ... Measuring quantities. 'O ke'ano o nā mea kino

Ke kālaikūlohea like me ka 'epekema i Pilikanaka kaʻike manaʻo o ke' ano, ka hoʻohana 'ana maʻamau noiʻi ki ina hana like. O ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i: kilo, hypotheses, hana ho okolohua, hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ke kumumanaʻo. Iloko o ke kilo i hoʻokumu i ke kiʻiona hiʻona o ka kŰia, i ka holo ana o kona papa, hiki kumu a me ka hopena. Ke Kuhiakau ke wehewehe i ke ala o ka hanana, e hookupaa ai ia i kona kānāwai. Ka hoʻokolohua, eʻae (a me keʻae i ka) conjecture. Ua apono 'oe, e hoʻonoho i ka like ana o na mea i loko o ka papa o ka hoʻokolohua, e hiki aku ai i ke kukuluia'na o ka kiko'ī mau panalaau. Ai ka hoao ana i loko o ka papa o ke kuhiakau o ke kumu o ka 'epekema kumumanaʻo.

No kumumanaʻo hiki ole koi ae ia e ike loea, ina i loaa piha a me ka unconditional e hooiaio ai i ka ho okolohua. Ka hope ua pili i ana o physical mea characterizing ke kaʻina. Helu mea - o ke kumu o ke ana.

Aha keia

E like no ke ana o ua mau waiwai, i hoʻokūpaʻa i ka ho'ōia o ke kuhiakau e pili ana i nā kānāwai. Helu mea - he 'epekema ano o ke kino kino, qualitative hoahanau i mea, he pono ole i ka ai iiiaanoaa o like kino. No kela a me keia kino o ia he laupaʻi ano o ka hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka.

, Inā mākou e huli ana i ka moʻokalaleo, ka olua M. Yudin listen AL (1989 Edition) mākou i heluhelu i ka mea kino nui o "ano o kekahi o na waiwai o ka physical mea (ka physical'ōnaehana, kŰia a kaʻina), i ka huina ma ka mea e like ai no na mea he nui physical mea, akā, ma ka hua'ōlelo o nā loa no kela a me keia kanaka mea. "

Ozhegov (1990 Edition) hākālia nō ia i ka hoʻoponopono nui o - ", ka nui, laulā, lōʻihi o ka mea"

No ka laʻana, ka lōʻihi - physical mea. Mechanics Hawaii i mamao loa, ka hoʻohana 'ana electrodynamics uea lōʻihi ma thermodynamics analogous nui e hoʻoholo i ka mānoanoa o vascular pā. Ke pā like o ka manaʻo koe ka ia: i ka mokuna waiwai i ia i ka ia, a me ka waiwai -ʻokoʻa.

Ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o ka hoʻoponopono a pau, no ka laʻana, mai ka makemakika, o ka loaʻa nui o na huahelu. Mika, wāwae, iwilei - examples loa huahelu.

naehana ana

E ana i ke kino nui, ka mea, e hoohalikeia auanei me ka waiwai i loaa mai no pa alima. E hoomanao i ka mea kupanaha Cartoon "Hookahi kanaha-ewalu Koʻolauloa." E hoʻonoho i ka lōʻihi o ka boa, huapalapala ana kona lōʻihi ma Koʻolauloa, ka elepani, na monkeys. Ma keia hihia, ke boa lōʻihi hoʻohālikelike me ka ulu ana o kekahi Cartoon huapalapala. Ka hopena i kaukaʻi quantitatively ma i maopopo nä haumäna.

Ke pa alima o physical mea - he ana o kona ana i loko o kekahi mau 'nenoaiu o huahelu. Ka hilahila i loko o kēia mau anaʻana aicieeaao ole wale no o ka mea imperfect, 'ano ana, akā, i kekahi manawa, no ka mea o pili naehana.

Russian ana o ka lōʻihi - iwilei - i ka mamao ma waena o ka 'inideka manamana lima a me ka manamana nui. Eia naʻe,ʻo nā lima o nā kanaka a pau okoa, a me ka iwilei, ana ka lima o ke kanaka, ka, mea okoa mai ka iwilei ma ka lima o ke keiki a ka wahine. Ka Ia discrepancy ma waena o ka lōʻihi o nā ana pili ana anana (ka mamao ma waena o nā manaʻo kōkua o kona mau manamana lima kaulike hookaawale i na mea kaua) a me ke kuʻekuʻe aku (ka mamao mai ka waena manamana lima i ke kuʻekuʻe lima).

Interestingly, ma ka Shop na puuku i na kanaka o ka poe liilii, nunui. Maalea poe kuai hoola'aʻaʻa ka hoʻohana mau uuku Meryl: iwilei, kuʻekuʻe aku anana.

i ka'ōnaehana

Oia keʻano o nā ana i kahi ole wale i loko o Rusia akā, i loko o nā'āina. Introduction o ka huahelu ua pinepine ākeʻakeʻa kumu, i kekahi manawa, i hoʻolauna wale no o ka pono o ko lākou mau ana kēia mau huahelu. No ka laʻana, no ka ana ka lewa puʻe hoʻolauna mmHg. Ike ka hoao ana Torricelli, kahi o ka Tube ua hoʻohana 'ia, ma laila piholo maila Hereme ae, e komo ia i kekahi hana nui.

Pake mana hoʻohālikelike i ka horsepower (i ka hana i loko o mākou manawa).

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'physical mea ana o physical mea hana ole wale eiiieaena a me ka unreliable, akā, i complicates ka hooulu ana o ka' epekema.

I kaʻaʻahu nenoaiu o ana

Hoʻokahi nenoaiu o physical mea, oluolu a me ka hoʻomākaukau leʻa ma na industrialized aupuni, ua lilo ia i mea. Ke kumu no ka manaʻo i aponoia ma ka wae ana o ka mea uuku e hiki helu o nā huahelu ma i i ka makemakika kona piko a hiki ke olelo ia, a me nā loina. Oia walaʻauʻana Hawaiʻi pono ole e hoopaa i kekahi i kekahi, kā lākou waiwai i uniquely ka manao o lakou, a ike iho la i loko o kekahi waiwai kahua.

E ho'āʻo i ka hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia ma kekahi'āina. Creation o ka hoʻokahi kahua o ke ana (Metric, GHS, ISS, etc.) ua i hou, akā, i kēia mau nenoai e kekahi kaʻao ka 'ole, mai ka' epekema wahi o ka hoomaopopo, kekahi i loko o ka wahi lulu, hanalima noi.

I ka hana i loko o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19th, ua huli mai e hooholo wale i ka 1958. Ma ka halawai o ka hoʻokahi'ōnaehana i hōʻike mai iā ia i ke Komite International o loio i Metrology.

ʻO hoʻokahi nenoaiu o ana

1960 ia ka Mokuna halawai o ka General hālāwai kūkā ma ka paona, a Keia Manawa. Ka hanana'ōnaehana, kapaʻia «Systeme internationale d'e hoohui mai ia» (abbreviated Si) i aponoia ma ka hooholo ana o keia lunakanawai koikoi ia i ua ahakanaka la. Ma ka Lūkini mana o ka'ōnaehana i kapaia ka International System (Si ailona).

Ua ua ia e like me ke kumu no ka 7 nui poʻe a me 2 hou. Lākou laulā waiwai me ka nānā 'like me ka benchmark

Table o physical mea o Si

Inoa o ke kumu o ka mokuna	measurand	inoa
		internationalist	Russian
ka papa kuhikuhiE pa alima
kilogram	ke kaupaona	kg	kg
mika	lōʻihi	ka m	ka m
lua o ka	manawa	mau	me ka
ampere	ʻikena	A	A
Kelvin	wela	K	K
kameleona	ka nui o ka waiwai	Mol	kameleona
Candela	luminous pinepine '	CD	CD
hou naehana
radian	i lalo huina	rad	lealea nui aku ai
steradian	paa huina	M.	cf.

Ke'ōnaehana hiki ole komo wale ana o na huahelu ehiku, e like me keʻano o ke kino ai keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ano pono o ka hoʻokomo 'ia' o ka nui a me ka oi hou nā loina. Ka loa 'ole eaaaony ole wale i ka hoike o ka hou naehana, akā, i ko lākou pili i loko o ka palapala o ka makemakika kona piko a (ka mea i kapaʻia pinepine nā papakuhikuhi o Ana).

Ke pa alima o physical nui i loaa mai ai ka hoʻohana multiplication, exponentiation a me ka mahele ana i kumu huahelu ma ka haʻilula Ana. I ka nele o ka laulā coefficients i loko o kēia mau nā helu kaulike i ka'ōnaehana i wale pono i loko o a pau, akā, i manaʻo aukahi (manaʻo aukahi).

loko huahelu

Nā huahelu i hanaʻia o nā papa, i kapaʻia nā mea loaʻa. Ma waho o ka 'iniha, ka papa a me ka loko, i ka pono no ka hoike ana i nā (radian a me ka steradian). Lākou Ana i manaoia e e Aʻohe. I ka nele o ka mea no lākou ho'ākāka 'ana i mea hiki ole e ana ia lakou. Lākou pōkole mea ku pono i ka palapala noi o kaʻimi naʻauao noiʻi. No ka laʻana, ka mea kino nui "ikaika" i loko o ka'ōnaehana ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o Newtons. No ka ikaika - he ana o ka manao lokahi 'ana o ke kino ma luna o kekahi i kekahi, o ke kumu no ka loli iki ana i ka mämä holo o ka kekahi kino nui, a laila, e hiki ke hoakaka ia e like me ka huina hoonui o ka pa alima nuipa a no pa alima ana, puunaueia ma ka mokuna o ka manawa:

F = k0M0v / T, kahi K - proportionality ololi, M - nuipa a pa alima, V - ka māmā holo pa alima, T - manawa pa alima.

Si Ana i hāʻawi mai i ke kēia haʻilula: N = kg0m / ^2, kahi ekolu huahelu i hoʻohana. A me ka kilogram a me mika, a me ka lua o ka haawiia keia i ke poʻo kumu a mea. Ke proportionality kaʻi lau waiwai Ua like ia 1.

Hiki hoike o dimensionless cia, a i hoakakaia me ka lākiō o kaʻaʻahu mea. I ka poe nā ke kaʻi lau waiwai o ke kū'ē, e like me ua ikeia, o ka lākiō o frictional poe a pau e ka poe ikaika no lakou maʻamau puʻe.

Papaʻaina physical mea loko mai walaʻauʻana

pa alima inoa	measurand	dimensional haʻilula
Joule	ikehu	kg0m 2 0s -2
pascal	ka puʻe	kr0 ka m -1 -2 0C
tesla	ʻume mākenēki hoʻokomo	0A 0C Kg -1 -2
volt	anakahi uila	2 kg 0m 0s 0s -1 -3
ohm	uila e kū'ē'ē mai	2 kg 0m 0s 0s -3 -2
lei'ā'ī	uila kauoha	A0 me
watt	mana	2 kg 0m 0s -3
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 ka m -1 0c 4 0A 2
Joule no Kelvin	wela nona iho	2 kg 0m 0s -1 -2 0K
Becquerel	I ka ha awina o ka radioactive waiwai	-1 C
Weber	ʻume mākenēki koko	0kg 0s 2 m + 0s -1 -2
Henry	inductance	0kg 0s 2 m + 0s -2 -2
Hertz	alapine (frequency)	-1
oho	ke kemu mahele lāʻau	2 m + 0s -1
Sievert	Like paha pāhawewe mahele lāʻau	2 m + 0s -2
hana maʻamau	malamalama	ka m -2 -2 0kd 0sr
lumen	luminous koko	CD 0sr
Newton	Oiaio, ke kaupaona	0kg ka m 0s -2
Siemens	uila conductivity	0kg -1 ka m -2 0s 3 0A 2
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 ka m -1 0c 4 0A 2

Common naehana

E ho ohana i mōʻaukala aiee o non-Si paha OAOOUIEeE wale ma ka laulā ololi, ia mea malalo iho o ke ana loina. He Common Unit. No ka laʻana, mmHg, X-Ray, a me na mea e ae.

Ka laulā coefficients hoʻohana no ka hoʻokomo 'ia' o ka lau a me ka submultiple mea. Pākuʻina kau hoʻopili like i kekahi helu. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i centi-, kilo-, deca, mega-, a he nui na mea e ae.

1 kilomika o = 1000 mika,

1 knm = 0,01 m.

typology o nā loina

E mākou ho'āʻo i ke koho 'ia kekahi kumu o hiʻona e ae oe e hoʻonoho i ke' ano o ka waiwai.

1.ʻAoʻao. Inā i ka hana o ka physical nui 'ana e pili ana i ka olelo, ka mea, ua kapaʻia he maʻi lele,' ē aʻe - scalar.

2. O ka mua o ka Ana. Ke ola ana o ke kino ai 'mea o ka haʻilulaʻo ia ka mea hiki ke kapa aku ia lakou Ana. Inā ma ka haʻilula, a pau huahelu i ka papahelu Aʻohe, a laila ka mea i kapaia dimensionless. Ua makemake e aho e kapa aku i ko lakou mau mea me ka Ana? Aaii i 1. Ma hope manaʻo dimensionless mea illogical. O ka papa waiwai - Ana - i ole, ua hōʻoki aku!

3. Ma ka ohui manawa kūpono. Mea hoʻonui mea, i waiwai hiki ke huiia, unuhi, hoonuiia e ka ololi, etc. (e laʻa me, ke kaupaonaʻana) - .. A physical mea, i mea integrable.

4. Ma pili i ka physical nenoaiu. Nui - ina kona mea hiki ke hana mai na aiee o ka subsystem. Lakou i mea hoike o ka wahi ana i loko oʻahā like mika. Mālama nui - waiwai, i waiwai mea kuokoa o ke kahua. I ka poe nā ana wela.