Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai

All kumu mua i nui na poe ma ka Nine Inch papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana i loko o ka palapala: na lalani i hoonohonoho (manawa a me ka lalani) a me nā kolamu (e like me nā hui) o ka papaʻaina a me ka māhuahua'ātoma kaumaha. pili i ka loaʻa mai o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai a hiki i ka 1869, a kanalua a pau i Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema chemist - Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. ʻOiai haole na kumu e hiki mai ana i ko lakou mau inoa i hoike ia ka inoa Yuliuas Lothar Meyer, ka mea, e like me ia, i ka makahiki hope (akā, kū kaʻawale) nui ka like kahua. Ke ki i ka pomaikai o ka lōʻihi-manawa hana o ka Lūkini chemist ua i ka hoʻi i mua ho'āʻoʻia e nā kānakaʻepekema i nele, e like me ka nui o ka Nine Inch hehee i ole i ua loaa, no laila ia i haʻalele i kona papaaina no ko lakou mau hakahaka.

Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kanawai, ua hōʻike 'ia e like me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina, horizontally puunaueia i ehiku manawa. Nā designations o ka mua, ka lua a me ke kolu manawa coincide me ka ia moʻo o Roma numerals: I, II, III. Manawa eha, elima a me ka ono paha o ka puunaueia i loko o ke ahiahi, a me ka ōlaʻi lalani i hōʻike 'ia ma Roma numerals: IV, V, VI, VII, VIII a me IX. A hiku o ka manawa coincides me kaʻaoʻao X. Vertical he umikumamawalu kolamu a me kolamu a pau kumu mua i hohola ma ewalu pūʻulu. Kēlā me kēia pae, mai ka mua a hiki i ka hiku, ua maheleia i mau kolamu, a nō ka mea nui a me nā haumāna subgroups. I ka walu o ka pūʻulu ninoieo o ka eha iiaciiie-pūʻulu. Eia hou kekahi, keena me nā Nine Inch oihana mua o ke kolu o ka pūʻulu - lanthanum a me ka actinium - hūnā lalani, niioaaonoaaiii kapa lanthanides (58 a hiki i 71 helu) a me actinides (90 a hiki i 103 helu).

Ma ka mea mua wā wale nō nā 'elele: hydrogen a me ka helium. Ke lua a me ka hapakolu hoʻohui pū ewalu Nine Inch hehee wale. Manawa eha, elima a me ka ono paha o ka mea lōʻihi, mai kela a me keia komo pū umikumamawalu i nanaia hehee wale, ua haawi like penei: ma ka lālani heʻumi a me ka ōlaʻi i ka huinaʻewalu. Akā, inā na lanthanides mākou noonoo, i ke ono paha o ka wā, he kanakolu-nā Nine Inch hehee wale, a me kaʻumikumamāhā hunaia. I ka hiku o ka manawa i ka i lōʻihi, ka mea, he umikumamawalu, eha o i mea i nanaia, a heʻumikumamāhā (actinides) ua hūnāʻia. Na oihana mua o ke ōlaʻi lalani o ka ha, elima a me ka ono paha o ka manawa eʻaoʻao subgroups (b), a me ka lālani i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroups (i), a me ka poe i pili i ka mea mua, ka lua, ke kolu a me ka hiku o ka manawa.

Ke papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai hākālia nō a pau o nā kumu i loko o ka ia pūʻulu OAOOUIEeE nui ano i kekahi i kekahi, a oko markedly, mai ka mea i hapa o nā pūʻulu. No ka laʻana, ma ka Ia pae koe hydrogen, nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia me ka Nine Inch valence hua hoʻohui 1, oiai ma ka hui VIIa, koe nae astatine, nā kumu mua i nonmetals, i nā hui nui i ka valence o ka hua 1. I kēia papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai poe ole wale papaʻaina. Makemakika, ka 'aoʻao ia ua loaa ole, akā, he mea he māmala'ōlelo no ka pono o ka waiwai o kekahi Nine Inch hehee ai, e like me ka pono me ka waiwai o ka poe noonoo ole' ona a me ka huina o ka hui i ka i ka mea, ua komo, i kekahi manawa e kaukaʻi ma luna o kaʻoihana o ka'ātoma nucleus.

Manawa periodicity i mua i manaoia D. I. Mendeleevym, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i loko o ka hala ma laila i Ua ho'āʻo 'o nā kānakaʻepekema, mai kekahi aina somehow classifying kekahi Nine Inch. Akā, ka mea, ua ka mea i ike i ka wā e hoonoho ia ma ka mea o ka hoʻoulu'ātoma nā paʻi hua, o ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia hehee ai o ka walu e hoohalike ai ka poe o ka mua. I ka 1869, (iʻikeʻia ma ka manawa 60 wale hehee wale) i ka mua kēia o ka papaʻaina nō loa okoa mai ke kālā no laha ', visualize i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai. Over manawa ka mea, ua undergone kekahi loli, i mea e hoʻokō i ka hou, ma hope loaʻa o ka Nine Inch hehee wale. Akā, ka mea, ua luku ole wale i ka manaʻo o ka periodicity o Nine Inch waiwai o nā'ātoma, i i alakaʻiʻia e ka nui Lūkini chemist, akā, kela mea keia mea o lakou, ua hookupaa iho la ia ua kālaiʻia e mākou kānakaʻepekema i ke kānāwai.

Foxmike Lūkini kānakaʻepekema i ke kānāwai papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika a me ke kaʻina, e hana i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana ua lilo i loea kumu o kēia kemika. Hiki ia Mendeleev? Ee a kekahi o na nā'ātoma lākou nuipa a wānana i ke ola i loko o 'ano o ka i keia manawa undiscovered oihana muaʻekolu, a ma hope loaʻa hoʻi iaʻu ma experimentally hookupaa iho la ia, a ua loaa gallium, scandium a me ka germanium. A pau i kēia alakaʻi i kekahi mau iaia o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. I ka waiwai o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai hiki ole ke overemphasized, e like me keia loaʻa i ka nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kemika.