Prince Kurbsky Andrei Mikhailovich, kokekau Ivana Groznogo: A Kawaihae, hōʻikeʻano o ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Prince Kurbsky Andrei Mikhailovich - he luawai-ike Lūkini politician, koa, mea kākau a me ka unuhi, he kokoke ÷ ino o Tsar Ivan IV i ka weliweli. I ka 1564, iloko o ka Livonian War, mahuka mai ka hiki hilahila i Poland, kahi, ua hoolohe mai i loko o ka hana o King Sigismund II Augustus. A laila, kaua maila ia Muscovy.

ohana laau

Prince Rostislav o Smolensk i ka moopuna o Vladimir Monomakh, a me ka mea i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o nā kaulana ohana - ka Smolensk, a Vyazma. Ka mua o kēia mau i kekahi mau lālā, kekahi o a i keʻano o Kurbsky, noho alii iho la, mai ka XIII kenekulia ma Yaroslavl. Wahi a ke kaʻao, keia inoa i hele mai, mai ka luna o ke kulanakauhale, i kapaia o Courbet. Kēia'āina hoʻoili hele aku la ia Iakoba Ivanovich. Keia kanaka uaʻike wale i make iho la ia ma 1455 ma ka Arsk kula, e kaua bravely me ka Kazan Tatars. Ma hope o kona make hele i ka'āina hoʻoili i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o kona kaikaina Simeona, ka mea i mālama ai ma o ka Luna Nui Prince Vasily.

I huli ai oe, ka mea, he mau keiki kāne - Dmitry a me Fedor, ma o ka hana o Prince Ivan III. Ka hope kekahi i loko o Nizhny Novgorod kia'āina. Kāna mau keiki kāne, he mau kanaka koa maoli nō, akā, i nā keiki a pau wale kekahi o Mikaela, nāna i hali ka inoa kapakapa Karamysh. Together me kona kaikaina Roman, oia i pepehi i ka 1506 i loko o nā kaua o Kazan. Semen Fedorovich i kaua aku ai iā Kazan a Lithuanians. He ua ma Boyar Vasily III, a hoopuka ia i ka ikaika o ka hoohewaia ana o ka olelo hooholo, e lawe i ka pākū alii wahine mauu.

Kekahi o nā keiki kāne Karamyshev, o Mikaela, ua pinepine hoakaka no kela kauoha kulana i ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Ka hope ua i ka oihana kai eʻe i ka 1545 e ku e Lithuania i loko o kona ola. He haʻalele ma hope o nā keiki kāneʻelua - Andrew a me Ivan, hope ana wahi a ka ohana koa i waha. Ivan Mikhailovich ma ka hopu ana o Kazan i seriously eha, akā, i haʻalele i ke kahua kaua, a hoomau iho la oia i ke kaua. Au e olelo aku i na mea he nui poino loa oopa ia i kona ola kino, a make iho la ia i ka makahiki hope oia.

An hana hoihoi oiaio mea i ole mea like me ka oi moʻolelo e kākau e pili ana i Ivan IV no, a me ka mea, ua ike hoi, e hoomanao e pili ana i Andrei Mikhailovich - paha i ka 'elele kaulana loa o kona ohana, a hea ka hoa o ke alii. Hiki i keia manawa, noiʻi e arguing e pili ana i mea nae Prince Kurbsky: hoa aʻenemi Ivana Groznogo?

Kawaihae

'Aʻohe lāliʻi o kona wā kamaliʻi makahiki i hookoeia mai, a me ka lā o ka hanau ana o Andrei Mikhailovich i kekahi makemake maopopo leʻa hikiʻole e hooholo ina ia mea i loko o kekahi o kana mau hana casually i olelo ia ia. Aʻo ia i hānau i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1528. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i ka manawa mua i ka luna Kurbsky, kona Kawaihae i pili me ka pinepine koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, na palapala i oleloia ma ka pili ana i ka ae kai eʻe i ka 1549. Ka Tsar Ivan IV i ka poe koa, ua paa i ke ano o ke kuene.

He uaʻaʻole i 21 makahiki i kona wa i i kuleana i loko o ke kai eʻe ma luna o Kazan. Paha Kurbski e hoʻokele koke lilo kaulana no kona hana ana i na mea kaua ma ka kahua kaua, no ka mea, o ka makahiki ma hope o ka Auguseto i aku la ia ia i ke alii kiaaina, a hoouna aku la i kekahi Pronsk, e hoomalu aku i ka hema-hikina palena o ka aina. Soon, me ka uku kekahi no ka oihana koa kānaka apau i mākaukau, a no ka olelo hoopomaikai a hiki i hōʻea ma ka mua hea me kona paukū o ka poe koa, Ivan Grozny ia Andrei Mikhailovich aina kahi kokoke i Moscow.

mua ka lanakila

Ua ua ike ia ka Kazan Tatars, e hoomaka ana me ka noho alii ana o Ivan III, pinepine hahai i Lūkini noho. A me keia mamua o ka mea i Kazan i formally ke kaumaha ma muli o ka Moscow aliʻi. I 1552, ua kapa hou i ka poe kaua Lūkini i ka kekahi kaua me na kanaka kipi o Kazan. A puni ka ia manawa ma ka hema o ka mana i waho, a me ka Crimean Khan ka poe koa. ʻenemi poʻe hao wale i hele kokoke i Tula, a hoʻopuni aʻela iā ia. Tsar Ivan Grozny hoʻoholo ihola e noho me ka papa koa kokoke Kolomna, a me ka hoʻopakeleʻana o ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopilikiaʻia, e hoouna aku 15000th poe koa, i kauoha mai ai ma ka puppies a me Andrei Kurbsky.

Lūkini poʻe hao wale i kā lākou unexpected nānā Khan loaa aku koa, pela ka mea, he ai i hope. Eia naʻe, ma Tula ua he nui poe o Crimeans nō, mercilessly e powa ana i ke kaiāulu o ke kulanakauhale, i ka ike ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o Khan hele aku la i na steppes. Andrei Mikhailovich koke hoʻoholo e hoouka aku i ka enemi, a he mea la ua hapa koa. E like me ia i koena palapala, i ke kaua ana i ka hapalua hora, a hele mai la Prince Kurbsky mai o ia i ka uwa maila.

I ka hope o keia kaua i ka nui poho o kaʻenemi lākou poʻe kaua: mai ka 30,000th hapalua paukū i make i ke kaua, a me ka poe i koe i ka pio a poho iho la lakou, oiai e holo Shivoron. Kurbsky iho kaua kaʻaoʻao o lākou subordinates, like me ka hopena o i loaa ia ia kekahi mau eha. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hebedoma hou ia i ku ma ka'ōnaehana a hiki mawaho hele. Keia manawa, i kona ala alakai ma ka aina Ryazan. Mua ona e kū ana i ka hana - e uhi i ka papa ikaika o ka ulia ho'āhewa wale hehi.

I ka pua ana o Kazan

I ka Akuma ka 1552, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua i hele mai i Kazan. Ua kohoia Puppies a me Kurbsky luna o ka regiment ka lima'ākau. ma ka muliwai Kazanka lākou mau huahelu i ke aupuni '. Kēia wahi wa i hooleiiaʻi mawaho, no laila, ke regiment i ae kaumaha ka pōʻino i ka hopena o ke ahi wehe ma luna o lākou, mai ke kūlanakauhale. Eia hou, i ka Lūkini koa i ke kuikui Cheremisses ho'āhewa wale pinepine hele mai, mai ka hope.

Mahele September makani ino mai ai Kazan, manawa a Prince Kurbsky a me kona mau koa, ua, e ku ma ka puka Elbuginyh a hiki i ka wahi ia e hiki ole e pakele, mai ke kūlanakauhale. ho'āʻo lehulehu e uhai ma kaʻenemi poʻe hao wale i palekana kaiauluʻano nui lewa. Wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o ka enemi koa e hoʻokele i pakele, mai ka pā kaua. Andrei Mikhailovich a me kona poe kanaka i hahai holoholona. He bravely kaua, a wale kaumaha poino puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia i hope haʻalele i ke kahua kaua.

ke alii o ka kuhikuhi

Mau makahiki ma hope hou aku la Kurbski i ka aina Kazan, i kēia manawa, e hoona oia i ke kipi. Au pono aku nei au, i ke kai eʻe ua loa paʻakikī, e like me ka poʻe hao wale i e auhele aku-alanui, a kaua aku i loko o kekahi, ka Lāʻau ele ele, akā, me ka hana Duke, kukakuka ae la, ma hope a hoi aku la oia i ke kapikala a me ka lanakila. Ia mea no ka keia mama o Ivan Grozny, a i mea no ke alii.

I keia manawa Kurbsky Prince o kekahi o ka loa e kokoke ana i ka Tsar Ivan IV kanaka. Ua, lilo iho la oia launa me Adasheva a me Sylvester, ka poeikohoia o ka aoao reformers, a lilo ae la kekahi o ka mō'ī i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a komo aku la i ka Favorites Rada. I ka 1556 oia i wahi i loko o ka hou koa kai eʻe ma luna o Cheremisses a hou hoi mai, mai ka moho e uwa maila. Ma mua, ua hoonohoia oia i luna koa ma ka hema lima regiment, i i hoʻonohoʻia ma ka Kaluga, a ma hope i ma luna o ke kauoha o ka regiment ka lima'ākau, ua ma Kashira.

Ke kaua me Livonia

Kēia 'ole ke' puʻe wale akula kēlā Alana Mikhailovich hou e hoʻi i ka hakakā nenoaiu. Ma mua aku la ia i hoonohoia e kauoha aku Storozhev, a me ka hope a me ka nui regiment me i la oia i wahi i loko o ka hopu ana o St. George a me Neuhaus. Ma ke kupulau o 1559, hoi aku la oia i Moscow, kahi ia e koke lawe i ka olelo hooholo, e hoouna aku ia ia i ka hana ana i ka hema palena o ka moku'āina.

A kaua lanakila me Livonia i ole mau loa ana. I ka hoomaka hoʻolako 'ole' e popopo kekahi e kekahi, ke alii hea Kurbsky a i ia, i luna o ka poe koa a pau, e kaua ana ma Livonia. Au pono e olelo aku nei i hoomaka ai ka hou luna koke i ka hana decisively. Ole e kali ana no ka papa ikaika, oia hooukaia mai mua o kaʻenemi paukū mea kokoke i Weissenstein, a ua lanakila 'o ia i ka hńne e lanakila.

Me kona manao, Kurbsky Prince lawe i ka hou hooholo - e kaua aku me ka enemi poʻe hao wale, i kona kino i alakaʻi i ka haku kaulana o ka Livonian Papa. Lūkini hao wale piliwaiwai i ka enemi, mai ka hope, a, ma ka naʻe o ka po, hooukaia mai ia ia. Soon shootout huli Livonians i ka melee. A me ka lanakila ua no Kurbskiʻaneʻi. Ma hope o ka umi-lā maha, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua nee aku ia.

E hiki Fellini, ke alii kauoha e puhi kona wahi e pili ana, a laila, e hoʻomaka i ke kaua ana o ke kulanakauhale. Ma keia kaua ana, he pio i pio landmarshal Papa F. Schall av Bell, wikiwiki i ke kōkua o ke kaua. Ua hoouna koke ia Moscow me ka uhi palapala mai Kurbsky. It Andrei Mikhailovich noi mai iaʻu,ʻaʻole e pepehi landmarshal, no ka mea aʻu i manao ka mea, he akamai, wiwoʻole, a koa hoʻi. Kēia memo mai nei i ka Lūkini luna i ka he koa i ole i ike wale ana i ke kaua maikaʻi, akā, me ka mahalo nui no ka pono mau hoa paio. Naʻe, manaʻo huhū keia, Ivan Grozny nō hana Livonians. A me ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, mai puni ka ia manawa wehe 'o Adasheva a me Sylvester aupuni, a me nā kumu aʻoaʻo, ia lakou iho, i ko lakou mau hoa a me nā hoa - i hana.

make

Andrei Mikhailovich i Fellin pakaua no ekolu pule, alaila, hele aku la ia Vitebsk, a laila, i ka Nevel. Here loaa a huli ku e ia ia, a me ka mea i make. Naʻe, i ka hoalauna ana aliʻi me Prince Kurbsky paipai i Ivan IV i ole ana, e hoopii mai ia ia o ke kipi. Au e ole e huhu ana ia ia, a me ke alii no ka pomaikai ole oe hoao e hoʻopio i ke kūlanakauhale Gelmet. Ka mea ka mea ina keia hanana i piliʻano nui loa, a laila, i kēia makemake e ii aku ai ma kekahi o kona mau palapala.

Naʻe, ka mea, ua laila i ke Aliʻi mua manao e pili ana i nā mea e hiki mai i ka ia i ka wā i ke aliʻi loaʻa mai e pili ana i kona maikaʻiʻole nō ia i loaa. Ike pono hikiwawe o ke aliʻi, uaʻike nō ia ina e lanakila i ka enemi, aole ia i olelo hooweliweli aku, akā, ma ka hihia o ka make, e hiki koke haule mai o ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka ia ma luna o ka hana ho'āla hihia. Oiai, ma ka oiaio, akā, aloha hoʻowahāwahāʻia, ka mea, he mea e'Āhewa.

E hoopono ana ma na mea e ma hope o ka make ma Nevel Ivan IV i kauoha mai ai Andrei ka ka luna koa i loko o St. George, ke alii ia e hele e hoopai aku ia ia. Naʻe, i ka luna Kurbsky, mai ka huhu o ke alii, holo aku la a hiki i Poland no ka mea aʻu i manao ia ma neia hope aku, e haule iho i ka inaina o ka mō'ī ma luna o kona poʻo. King Sigismund II Augustus kuaiia, i ka hana ana o na mea kaua o ke aliʻi, a no laila, kapa aku au iaia, i kona hana, e olelo aku ia ia i? Eaia maikai, a me ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa ola.

holo ana

Kurbski increasingly hoomaka ae la e manaʻo ma luna o ke kaumaha o ke Polish ke aliʻi, a hiki i ka hopena o April 1564 hoʻoholo ole e holo ma Wolmar. Me ia, hele aku la i kona mau ukali, a hiki i ka poe kauwa. Sigismund II iā ia pono, a ua hookoia ke alii me ka pono o ka hereditary aina waiwai.

I ke aʻo 'ana i ka luna holo Kurbsky, mai ka huhu o ke alii, Ivan Grozny i kona inaina unleashed ma luna o nāʻohana i koeʻaneʻi Budker. A pau o ia i ae loa hopena. E hoapono ia ia i ko lakou hoomainoino Kurbsky ia i hoopiiia mai o ke kipi, wahi nahā o ka honi i ka laau kea maluna ona, e like me ka pono me ka kidnapping o kana wahine, Anastasia, a me ka makemake i aliʻi ma Yaroslavl. Ivan IV ke wale hooiaio i ka mau kūʻiʻo mua, i ke koena āna i apparently invented ma ka mea, e hoapono ia ia kā lākou mau hana i loko o ka maka o Polish a me Lituania aliʻi.

Life i loko o ke pioʻana

Komo i ka hana o King Sigismund II, hoomaka iho la aneane koke Kurbski e paa kiʻekiʻe koa kulana. Emi malalo o na malama eono, oia i kaua aku ai iā Muscovy. Me ka Lituania hao wale ia i komo i loko o ke kai eʻe ma ka Luke Nui a me ke pale Volhynia ku ei ka Tartars. I ka 1576, Andrew M. i kauoha mai ai lehulehu poe, a ua hapa o na koa o Grand Prince Stefan Batory, nāna i kaua aku ai iā Russian Ratiu o Polotsk.

Ma Kurbski Poland kokoke i ka manawa e noho ana i loko o Milyanovich ia ma Kovel. Mālama lākou mau aina, aʻo akula ia i nā kahu. I kona hoʻokoe manawa i ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe koaʻo ia i komo i loko o 'epekema noiʻi, e haawi ana kāu mau koho a hiki i ka hana ma luna o makemakika, kilohōkū, kālaiʻike a me ka theology, e like me këia Helene a me ka Roma' ōlelo.

Ike nui, e hoike ana i ke kanaka mahuka Prince Kurbsky a me Ivan Grozny he palapala. Ua hoouna aku ai i ke alii i ka palapala mua i ka 1564. Aʻu i lawe mai iā ia i Moscow, ke kauwa malama pono o Andrei Mikhailovich Vasiliy Shibanov, ka mea i a laila ke alahouana, a hooko aku la i. Ma kana mau palapala, i ka lunaʻia maila kona mau hohonu ukiuki ma ka poe pono ole na ka hoino anei, e like me ka helu o ka hooko ina mea halaʻole kanaka e malama aku i ka Emperor pono. I ka huli, Ivan IV kokua aku i ka piha pono, i loko o kona pau manao ana, e kala maiʻoe a hooko ana i kekahi o kona mau makaainana.

Palapala ma waena o nā hoa paio mau ana no 15 makahiki, a pau i ka 1579. Sami palapala, pono-ike pepelu, ke "History o ka Luna Nui Aliʻi o Moscow" a me nā hana Kurbsky kākau literate ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo. Eia hou, ka mea, iloko ona loa waiwai 'ike e pili ana i ke au o ka noho alii ana o kekahi o ka loa brutal na'lii ma Lūkini mōʻaukala.

Kela manawa, e noho ana i loko o Poland, o ka luna lawe i ka lua o ka manawa. I ka 1571 oia i kekahi waiwai e hoolei ana Kosinski wahine. Naʻe, ua mare i ole mau loa ana, a pau i ka hoʻohemo. No ka mea kolu o ka manawa mua Kurbski mare i ka wahine ilihune o Semashko inoa. Mai keia hui ana o ka mō'ī i ke keiki kāne, a he kaikamahine.

Koke ma mua o kona make ana, i ke aliʻi i loko o kekahi kai eʻe ma luna o Moscow alakaiia e Stefan Batory kauwahi. Akā, i kēia manawaʻo ia i ole i ke kaua - hiki kokoke i ka mokuna me Rusia, haule iho la oia maʻi, a ua hoʻoikaika e huli hoʻi. Andrei Mikhailovich make i ka 1583. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka hoailona, i kahi kokoke i Kovel.

A hiki i kona ola ana i ua he ardent kākoʻo iā ia, o ka orthodoxy. Haʻaheo, a me ka hope uncompromising ano Kurbsky pili kēia ka pilina i ka mea ia ia Ka loaa i ka hailona o poʻeʻenemi i waena o ka Lituania a me ka Polish ano hanohano. He Ua mau hakaka ana me kona mau hoalauna, a pinepine hopu ko lakou mau aina a me ka aliʻi elele uhi i ka Lūkini hainā.

Mahope o ka make Andreya Kurbskogo make, a me kona loio Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky. Mai ia manawa, i ka Polish aupuni i Ua kiʻekiʻe o lawe aku i ka waiwai, mai kana wahine a me ke keiki, a, ma hope, e ole e koho i mai, a Kovel. Aha me ia loheʻia ma luna o ka mea ana kekahi mau makahiki. E like me ka hopena, ua hiki ke loaa i kekahi o ka aina i nalowale, ma hope o ka mea ana i hoohuliiaʻi i Catholicism kana keiki Dmitri.

Prince Kurbsky hiʻona

Manao ana ia ia me he aka pili aupuni, a he kanaka pinepine diametrically kue. Kekahi manao ia ia i ka paakiki makeʻe kulana me ka loa a me ka haiki kaupalena Outlook, a ua malamaia no ma na boyars, a ku i ka tsarist autocracy. Eia hou kekahi, i kona holo ana i Poland manaʻo like kekahi ano o ka ho omaulia, e pili ana me ka nui pomaikai o keia ola ana, Korol Sigizmund August ka mea i'ōlelo mai ai iā ia. Andrei Kurbsky i mahuʻi mua o ka insincerity o kā lākou mau'ōlelo kūpaʻa, hoʻonoho ihola iā lākou i loko o nā hana lehulehu i i hoopau ai i ke hoʻomōhala ma o ka mālama 'ana i ka orthodoxy.

He nui moʻolelo kamaʻilioʻana i ka manaʻo i ka luna ua nō he kanaka loa akamai a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, e like me oiaio a me ka pono, mau ma kaʻaoʻao o ka pono a me ka pono. No ia moʻolelo ka mea, la ia mea e like me "ka mua Lūkini dissident." No ka mea, ua i maopopo maopopo na kumu o na oko ma waena ona a me Ivanom Groznym, e like me na kaao lakou iho Prince Kurbsky, i ka hakakā pili ana i ka wahine paha, o keia kaulana pili huahelu o ka manawa, e mau no ka lōʻihi manawa.

Kona manao ma keia mea i olelo ia a me ka pono-ike Polish heraldry a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Szymon Okolski, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. Kona characterization o Prince Kurbsky ua like penei: ia ua io he nui ke kanaka, aʻaʻole pono, no ka mea, ua pili i ka hale aliʻi, a paʻa papa kiʻekiʻe koa a me ke aupuni kulana, akā, no hoi, no ka ka mea koa loa, e like me ia i lanakila 'o ia kekahi mau nui lanakila . Eia hou kekahi, he mea kākau moʻolelo, i kākau e pili ana i ke alii me he pomaikai io he kanaka. E noonoo no oukou iho: kona hoʻokuewa wale 'ia a me ke kuewa wale alii, a me kekahi mahaloia i i kona Polish King Sigismund II Augustus.

Hiki i keia manawa, i ke kumu no ka defection a me betrayal o ka luna Kurbsky noiʻi ua o Laielohelohe nui hoopanee, e like me ka wahine paha, o keia kanaka ka henua a me ka multifaceted. More hooiaio mai o ka mea i Andrei Mikhailovich i he kupaianaha naau, a ua hiki ke malama i ka mea i, i ole hou opiopio, ka mea, ua hiki ke aʻo he Roma, a a laila, i ole e ike i na mea a pau.

Ma ka buke mua o ka puke i kapaia o Orbis Poloni, i i paʻiʻia ma ka 1641 ma Kakow, ka ua Szymon Okolski hoonoho i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o Prince Kurbsky (i loko o ka Polish mana - Krupskaya), a haawi aku la ia i ka olelo hoakaka. He manaoio aku i ka heraldic höʻailona o Russian i kumu. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i loko o ka Middle Ages, hiki ke loaʻa pinepine i ke kiʻi o ka liona ma luna o nā mea kaua o ka hanohano i loko o nāʻokoʻa Hawaii. I kahiko, Russian Heraldry me keia holoholona i manaoia he hōʻailona o ke aliʻi, ka ikaika, a me ka pono koa prowess. Ia mea no ia mea, e kahaha ko oukou naau i ka liona i depicted ma luna o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka luna Kurbsky.