Tank "Challenger-2": ho'ākāka o ka ho'olālā, nā'ano loea, ka pale kaua, nā mea kaua

Challenger 2 o ka mua Pelekāne kaua pahu mai ka Apana World War, i i ke hoʻololi, ulu, a hua mai la ia ma ka manao wale kānaka kūkulu Vickers Pale Kaua Systems. Ke kumu hoʻohālike i hana, a hua mai la i ka poe o nā nā hale hana, Barnbow (Leeds) a me Scottswood (Newcastle).

Key Hiʻona

Ke kino a me na hapa i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke kumu hoʻohālike o kona, hoʻokomo Challenger 1, a i undergone oi ma mua o 150 hou nona ma ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka pono a me ka maintainability (pahu o na kii i hoikeia hope i loko o kēia' atikala). Tower "Challenger 2" loaa i ka loa hou i manao ai. 'O kēia ka loa hoomaluia kapa kila NATO, i hoʻolako pono me ka hoonui ae i hoʻokolohua o ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola chobemskoy multilayer kapa kila. System o nukelea, liluwelo a me ka Nine Inch palekana NBC ke hoomalu aku i nā mea a pau olelo hooweliweli ike, a me ka mea o ka mua loa o Beritania pahu, a me ka poʻe pahu hiki e enaena, a ho'ēmi.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE armament maupaʻa he 120mm rifled pu L30, 'akomi pu 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas helekopa Systems, i mea mua ma ka hana i loko o ka Pelekania Army a Ua hoʻoukaʻia ma luna o ka mechanized hakakā kaa GKN Pale Kaua Warrior, a me 7,62 mm o Anati-mokulele mīkini ka pū. Ke ahi hooponopono'ōnaehana mea he mīkini lolouila o ka Junior lehulehu, a CDC mea he hoonui ae i hoʻokolohua o ke kükohu i kukuluia ma ka American M1A1 Abrams. Ka mea, i ka Loaʻaʻia no ka wā e hiki mai? Anoe?, E like me ai pili aku i ka 'ike hooponopono'ōnaehana ka hakakā a me ka hoʻokele mea paahana. Crew "Challenger 2" ka 4, a me kona kaua kaumaha o 62,5 m. Ka pahu Ua hiki ke kūkulu i ke alanui māmā i kā mākou o 56 km / h, a mai kekahi koena o ka 250 ei ma ke alanui, a me ka alanui 450 ei.

kükohu mōʻaukala

Challenger 2 pāhana ka loaʻa o ke ana a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o 386 ka papa kuhikuhiE poʻina nalu kaua (MBT), 22 kaa no ka aʻo O Keaukaha, pūpū kaʻume 3 a me ka piha AEeAaOA o logistical kākoʻo, me aʻo lako a pan a me ka hoʻokuʻu loa.

poe "Vickers" i ka papa kuhikuhiE kānaka kūkulu. Ka lehulehu ka hoʻomaka 'hana ma luna o ka pahu i loko o November 1986 like me ka kekahi poe, a ma ia hope koke, ma March 1987 ka UK Kuhina o Pale Kaua i hoʻouna' ia i ka hāpana mua. Ma Feberuari 1988, i ka kānaka kūkulu i hoʻouna 'ia ka hoʻohana manaʻoi hāpai' ia. Ma December 1988 ka mea i hai mai ia VDS loaa 90 miliona aelike no ka h ÷ pae, a mau ae la ia a September 1990 September 30, 2002 i ka poʻe pau i ke 'āpana o Alvis Vickers. Ua merged me Alvis kaa Ltd. VDS ana E, mai ka'āina hoʻoili a me ka inoa maikaʻi o ka mau poʻe pōmaikaʻi ai, ka mea i hooholoia e inoa i ka hou huakai Alvis Vickers Ltd. Ua Ua a laila loaa e BAE Systems, e hana i ka hou Land Systems mahele, hui pu Alvis a me RO Pale Kaua.

Ma June 1991, i ka UK aupuni ua hoʻoholo e kuai i kekahi Challenger 2, a hoonoho iho la i mea no ke dala o 520 miliona. Paona no 127 huahelu o ka VLT a me 13 aʻo poʻina nalu. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo hoomaka i ka makahiki 1993, a ua hāʻawiʻia i loko o July 1994 na kope mua. New Pelekāne poʻina nalu i hua mai ma luna o nā hale hana VDS ma Leeds a me Newcastle. Ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina i komo aku ma mua o 250 subcontractors (i loko o na. H. Aina). Iwaena o lakou, Royal Ordnance (iniiaiie a me ka haumāna armament) ka loa nui, Blair Catton (meheu) a me GEC-Marconi (alakaʻi nenoaiu).

Pelekāne kapa kila kaa e noi hou ia modernization. Ma July 1994, VDS ua loaa i kekahi mea no ka lako hou i ka 259 hakakā a me ka 9 aʻo machines, e like me aʻo, a logistical kākoʻo. Ka aelike waiwai nui i 800 miliona paona.

Ua paʻa ÷ ISRD pono ma January 1999. Ua i wahi, mai Sepatemaba a hiki i December 1998 a me ke komo ikea ai 12 MBT landfills Bovington a me Lulworth Bindon. Nā ho'āʻo ma ua holomua, oa. A. poʻina nalu ole wale satisfies nā koi o ka Customer, akā, i ka oi ia ma a pau.

Ma Ianuali 1998, hoomaka ae la ka Royal Hawaiian Dragoon kiai ma Hawaii, o ka mua o eono kapa kila regiments, e lawe i na mea kaua CR2, a ua 38th ma June 1998 a me deliveries hoomau a hiki i ka hopena o ka 2000. kēlā o ka mea e kahiko ai regiments eono i maopopo e iai? Oaiaaiiua a me MBT kona AEeAaOA o logistical kākoʻo. Hope 386 pahu "Challenger 2" kauoha aku haawi ia ma ka hana pili i loko o Salsibury Plain September 17, 2002.

Haliu ae la ia i ka lua o ka kau ana o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike ka pilina i ke aʻo - mai ka mea pa nńnń i ka kamepiula simulators gunners. Pū i nā aʻo a me ka lako e kākoʻo o Royal nā kānakaʻenehana hou ai e hoopae ia e kokua ma ka troubleshooting mea e hoao ai, hoʻoponopono, ana a me ka mālamaʻana kahua hana.

kipa ua kauohaʻia i loko o 6 regiments o ka Royal kapa kila mau pūʻali i loko o ka United Kingdom, a Germany MBT "Challenger 2" Bosnia, a Kosovo, e hana ia ma Canada, Oman, a Poland. I nā ho'āʻo ma a me nā kino ka mea, ua oi ka pale pono inideka. Pelekāne poʻina nalu i komo i loko o ka hana "Iraqi ku okoa ana."

I Iulai 2004, i ka UK Kuhina o Pale Kaua kūkala i na manao e oki 7 kapa kila squadrons (ma kahi o 100 mau huahelu) ma March 2007 a me ka huli ana o ka mea e kahiko ai reconnaissance regiment. "Challenger 2E" kükohu Ua hoʻomohala no ka mea hoʻolilo, a ke hoʻololi i ka hana i loko o hana i hoʻohalahala hana kūpono. Ka pahu Ua ho'āʻo nui i loko o Helene, Qatar a me Saudi Arabia.

hou i nā mea kaua

I kakahiaka 2004 BAE Systems Ua loaa i kekahi aelike, e kūkulu i ka 120-mm o smoothbore ka pū. Ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o ka aelike, pono e iai? Oaiaaiea i ka pahu "Challenger 2" me Rheinmetall L55 pu, hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o MBT "Leopard 2A6", a ma January 2006, hoomaka ae la kona ho'āʻo ma.

Ballistic mea kani e like me ke Kelemānia 120mm L55, akā, i ke externally pono i loko o ka makahiki mua ku e L30. O kēia mea kaua hale kūʻai rifled pūkuniahi cradle pahu, mākia ihola mea'ūmiʻi neo? Aaiiai?, Kinoea mākeke nenoaiu, a me ka hoʻopololei (axis) o ka pū, a he mau maka iho (axis). Ma hope o ikea ai i loko o Kelemania, me ka mea hana i hoao i loko o ka kūpaʻa fixture luna ma luna o ke kaʻa o ka MBT "lunahaneri" ma waena o 2005, a me ka hope ia ia makahiki, i hope noniakahi i loko o ka "Challenger 2". Kēia modernization ae i ka poʻina nalu Pelekāne i hoʻohana 120-mm o ammunition NATO hae. Kūpaʻa kī pūʻana e ho'āʻo ai i mālama 'ia ma ka laulā huahelu o ka hana kapa kila-e hou ana i mea lele o ka 120 mm o Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS me kaʻike mau Kora naʻEsau. Ka mea, hoike mai la i DM53 ammunition i maikaʻi ano ma mua o ka mua 120-mm o depleted uranium.

Ke awawa War

"Challenger" Ua kuai iho la ia no ka Beritania Army ma hope o ka Shah o Iran i lukuʻia, a me ka oihana i wahi e. Ua Ua hanaia ma ke kumu o ka pahu, "Chieftain", akā, ka mea, ua nui loa wikiwiki, maikaʻi mākaukau i ke kaua, a hoomaluia, nae ia i ae mai ka ilihune ahi hoʻoholo nenoaiu. "Challenger" Ua 'ae' ia Hōʻano hou i ka Beritania Army no 10 makahiki mua ma mua o? Aaony. Ka mīkini Ua papahana no ka wao nahele, akā, i ole i kekahi manawa, e hoao hoi ia lakou iho imua o ke awawa War.

Ka poe "Vickers" i ole paka i ka poʻina nalu a pau, akā, me ka hope regiment wale. Ua hua mai la i "Challenger" ma ka moku'āina ROF hola i loko o Leeds, i mua privatization i Kapa hou i ke ka Royal Ordnance. Vickers kuai mea pono ma mua o ka mea i hoonoho ai no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka 7th Regiment.

I hoʻolako pono me ka 120-mm o pū L11 A5, ka mea wale nawaliwali wahi o ka "Challenger" ua i kona ahi hooponopono'ōnaehana, a i hōʻano hou i ke awawa War. Pū ke uhai 400 mm o kapa kila a me ka luku i kekahi Lūkini pahu me ka LIKE mua. Kokoke a pau o na mea e kahiko ai kaa ma Iraq i hua i loko o Rusia, a me ka "Challenger" hiki wawe ka Makuakane me ia. Me ka papakaukau ea kākoʻo, pu me Apapika, ka 'ōlelo Palani a me' Amelika allies poʻina nalu me ka pilikia nui wawahi ae la ma ka pale o ka Republican halepaahao. "Challenger" i ana "Desert makani ino",ʻano nui hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe-pahū squash poo me ka hou huahelu, 'ole. No ka. Mea e kahiko ai ka palekana o Iraqi machines i ole hālāwai Lūkini hae, a me ka hoopau ana o ka nui ikaika, akā, emi loa-huahelu mea kaua i makemake me ka makehewa.

Tower a me ka hale noho

Ke Ana o ka pahu i 8,3h3,52h2,49 M lōʻihi me ka pu, ua like ia 11,57 m + pahu hooponopono iho i kekahi luina o 4 kanaka: .. luna, gunner, ka Keaukaha a me ka loader. Ua 'oi aku ke kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokō,' ole-holo ana hakakā ioeaie. i ka luna o ka wahi mea ma ka akau, a ua lako pono me 8 periscope me ka mahuahua 1x a me 360 °, mākaʻi ihola iā. Ua e ka pihi ulaula ma lalo o kekahi o lakou, hele aku ai a hiki i ka hale kiaʻi ka hele, a hoʻonoho i ka kūpono kulana. Gunner noho ma ke alo o, a ma lalo o ka luna, a me ka loader ma ka hema. E kau i ka loader ua lako pono me ka periscope. Ke Keaukaha ka kaba mea ma ke alo o ka pahu.

weaponry

I ka papa kuhikuhiE armament o ka "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled pahu pu L30 hua mai la ia e kekahi mahele o ka Royal kānāwai Pelekānia Aerospace Ltd Company ma Nottingham. L30 mea i manao ai ka loaʻa o ka chrome ka penaʻana, e pili ana i ka naueue ole, a laumania maloko ili. Ua 'oi aku a piʻi aʻela ka māmā holo, a, no laila, i ka penetrating hiki o ka lele, nui pololei a me ka ho'ēmi i kā barela Wear. Pū pahu i ka kuhiliʻole kila electroslag heheʻe, a thermal insulated pōkā pū. Ua ua hoakaka ia me ka'ōnaehana (axis) hoʻopololei me ka'ōnohi (axis) o ka maka a me ka hookuuia kinoea mai ka barela. Ka hale kiai hiki e ke ka ao ma 360 °, a me ka vertical kī pūʻana huahelu mea mai -10 ° i + 20 °.

Ke kaʻina o ka loaʻaʻana a me ka luku ana o pale papahana no ka nanea ana o ka pono ma ka hakakā ana. Heʻaʻoheʻokoʻa no kūpaʻa a me ka neʻe maila māka i ka lā a me ka pō. Gunner a luna o ka sighting hoailona aligns me ka manao, e kaomi ma luna o ke pihi o ke kukuna huahelu finder, a laila, - i ka pihi ke ahi.

L30 ahi 120-mm o ammunition. Ammunition He 50 huahelu, a me ke komo kapa kila e hou ana i lele me ka stabilizer, a me ka detachable pń halihali (APFSDS), kapa kila-hou pahū (HESH) a me ka uwahi. Ka pu Ua i hiki ke ae hoʻolele mea lele me ka 'ōlelo o ka depleted uranium (Du) me kekahi o ia kī kauoha Shestov. I ka pa apŘ o ka depleted uranium mea e pili ana i 2,5 manawa kiekie ma mua ia o ka kila, i hoakaka he kiʻekiʻe anal hiki. A me Du L30 i kekahi hapa o ka "pūkuniahi-iwi-kauoha» kaʻume 1. A'ōnaehana me kaʻume 3, ai ka 'ōlelo o ka depleted uranium mai he nui loa, e anawaena hiʻohiʻona e hoʻonui i ka penetrating hiki. Ammunition me ka hoʻokaʻawale hoʻouka waiho ma lalo o ka Tora ke komo lima i loko o ka mea nāna poʻina nalu.

pu ua hoʻohana oo uila nenoaiie o ke alakaʻi a me ka noaaeeecaoee poe GEC Marconi Radar a me Pale Kaua Systems (Leicester). Pahu "Challenger 2" Ua hoʻolako pono me 7,62 mm o akomi pū kani ahi McDonnell Douglas, i ua aia ma ka hema o ka nui pu. Kauoha aku la i hema makaukau 7.62mm antiaircraft mīkini pu type L37A2, kaa ma Dome.

Ma na aoao elua o ke alo o ka hale kiai, ua ke aupuni '5 uahi grenade poe Helio aniani (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" Ua i hiki no e kukulu i ka uahi paku ma ka injecting kakolina diesel i wahie i loko o ka'ōnaehana a no ka maluhiluhi o ka engine.

Ka pahu Ua lako pono me ka hae koa oeiu aeaiiuo Koa Koo 1553. ke ahi hooponopono kamepiula mea he kikohoʻe Me na mea maalea, Me na manao ona Company (Hilo, Canada). Ua hiki ke kikooia aku, no ka mea hoike, i ka'ōnaehana ike o ke kaua, a me ka hoʻokele aʻo nenoai.

I ka 2004 BAE Systems Ua loaa i kekahi aelike, e kūkulu i ka 120-mm o smoothbore ka pū. No keia hopena, ka Kelemānia huakai Rheinmetall L55 pu hoʻolako Eia kekahi laʻana, hoonoho iho la ia "Leopard 2a." Ua hoomakaukauia hoʻokahi wale nō hāpana, a i hoao i loko o January 2006 Tungsten DM53 hoike nui hopenaʻoi loa ma mua o kaʻume 3, nae, no kona manaʻo pono e hoʻololi i ka'ōnaehana "mea pepehi lele-kauoha".

nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo

Gyro-stabilized maka luna koa a me ka mea he kumu hoʻohālike makou 580-10 poʻe SFIM na hana (France). Ka luna pa alima makou 580, i loaʻa i ka gyro stabilized laulā maka a me ka uilaʻoe, ua kaa ma luna o ka hale o ka hale kaua. Rangefinder kukuna ka nānā 'ana ma luna o Makalu: YAG ua i loko iho i loko o ka palapala ahakanaka ai pili aku i ka luna hapa me ka haʻahaʻa iho telescopic ekalesia a maupaʻa ka'ōnohi ka mālamaʻana'ōnaehana, manuale mana, uilaʻoe, a me ka nenoaia noaaeeecaoee. Maka 'oi aku ka hoʻopoepoe kahua o ka manao me ka e huli ae i kona poo. niio? huahelu hoʻoponopono mea ± 35 °. Ke kahua o ka Hawaii optics mea like e 3,2x 16,5 °, akā, me ka mahuahua 10,5h - 5 °.

Ke imager TOGS II o Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) ua hoakaka po hihio. Ua hoʻohana Pelekāne TICM 2. Ka imager mīkiniʻimi hoʻouka kekahi i loko o ke kapa kila barbettes ma luna o ka pū. Microcomputer mea'opihia a hoomakaukau i anuanu kinoea paukūʻolokaʻa mīkiniʻimi. Ma ka thermal kiʻi superimposed hōʻailona o ka sighting hoailona, a me ka nenoaiu kūlana 'ike. Thermal kiʻi me ka mahuahua o ka 4 a 11,5h ka hōʻike 'ana i ka manaʻo gunner a me ka luna, e like me ka pono me ma luna o ko lakou mau pale ole magnification.

Mākou i ka papa kuhikuhiE gunner maka ua hanaʻia e Pilkington Optronics. Ua ninoieo o ke kino me ka nana Kanal poʻo pa alima me ka stabilized sighting aniani 4 Hz kukuna huahelu finder, a he kanaka hoʻoponopono me ka monocular. Rangefinder me ka ke kōā o ka 1,064 microns i ka laulā mai 200 m + i 10 km. Ka pololei He ± 5 m + i 30 m ma ka hanohano nō hoʻi, kekahi i hoʻolako pono poʻe me reversible'ōnohi telescopic maka o L30 Nanoquest, kaa coaxially me ka pu.

Ke Keaukaha ka noho ua lako pono me ka OE periscope Pilkington Optronics. Ua hoʻohana i ka po hihio noonoo. Aie a hiki i keia i ka po i ka pahu mea hiki ia o hiki ka māmā holo like i ke ao, me ka hoʻohana 'ana iʻimi hoʻopunipuni kau iho.

Gunner a me ka imager pili ana i ke ahi ke kāohi kamepiula i kekahi oeiu aeaiiuo Koa Koo 1553.

"Challenger 2": i ka pahu i loko o ke kaua

Photo pahu i loko o ia ma luna. moku luna koa e kuhikuhi hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka hale o ka laulā maka ma luna o ka pale kaua a me ka ua e ka pihi, kūpono ana ma ke kuapo o ka hale kiai, oiai ke kumu e,ʻaʻole e koho kuhikuhi ma ka pale umauma hoʻokahi. Gunner i ka hooponopono ana o ka pale umauma hoʻokahi ka loaʻa o ke kukuna rangefinder a me ke ahi pihi no ka mea huahana pana. I keia manawa, no ka pahu koa i ka hiki e huai ae, a hoihoi aku ia i ka mea e hiki mai ana ka pale kaua. Mau hana mau i waiho ai i loko o ka mīkini ahi hooponopono kamepiula. Ma hope o ka pana, a hitting i ka pale mua luna lua kaomi waina i ka pihi, i ka hale kiai ua poloʻai pule a hiki i ka lua o ka pahuhopu a me ka pana koho. Mahalo i kēia kaʻina hana i ka pahu i loko o ka hakakā ua mahuahua firepower i ka pono a me ka koke hitting i ka pale umauma hoʻokahi.

hoʻokolohua

"Challenger 2" Ua ana ho'āʻo i loko o ka Pelekania Army a me ka Royal Army o Oman. A pau ke hoʻohana kiko'î a i 'ole, h. Ka mea kaua'ōnaehana pono a me ka robustness i ua loaʻa. Hiʻona chobemskoy kapa kila i ua hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka papa o ka hooia me ke kālā no Anati-pahu mea kaua. Ke ho'āʻo hopena ua i ka piha ka maluhia o ka hale kiai, a me ka hiki i ka mea pepehi ka makemakeʻana kahua e kuhikuhi, a e pana pua aku makou.

makou a holo

Pahu "Challenger 2" Ua hoʻolako pono me ka 12-paukūʻolokaʻa kakolina diesel engine nona iho o ka 1200 ho'āo ai. i kekahi. o Perkins kiko'ī (Shropshire, UK). EYI - David Brown TN54 kumu me 6 i mua, a mau aʻe kona kapa. Speed pahu kīnā 59 km / h, a me ka awelika aku-alanui - 40 km / h. Holo hookoe He 450 ei ma ke alanui, a 250 ei o kea-aupuni.

maluhia

I ka manao o ka pahu "Challenger 2" uku nānā 'ana i ka maluhia o ka luina a me survivability o ka mīkini. Ka hale kiai Ua lako pono me ka lua o ka kaua chobemskoy hanauna, i hoakaka loa ia'ku i ka anal o Anati-pahu leho. Ka pahu Ua palekana mai ka hopena o nukelea, liluwelo a Nine Inch mea kaua a me ke kōkua aia i loko o ka Tora NBC malu'ōnaehana ua pressurized i wae 'ea. Uila no ua hoomaluia e ka nukelea electromagnetic a ka lāʻau ikiʻai.

Ana o ka pu Tora, a hua mai la ia e ka uila kahi o neaa mea hoʻomaka. Kēia eliminates na ka pilikia pili me ka rupture o kiʻekiʻe puʻe hoses i loko o ka luina pahu. Waho pūnaewele o ka ammunition ua aia ma lalo o ka halekiai e e hoʻolako emi kūlana ma mua i loko o kona hope loa.

Pahu i loko o ka stealthʻenehana e minimizes kona Radar inoa.