Tundra - he kūlohelohe wahi. pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Tundra - Auhea la hoi ia? Ole a pau e hiki ke pane i kēia nīnau seemingly poe noonoo ole. E ka maka ia. Tundra - he maoli ele ele (oi manaʻoi, ke 'ano o nā cii), e waiho nei ma ka akau o ka ululaau kanu. I ka lepo, he mea permafrost, 'aʻole e hoʻopiha i ka muliwai a me ka moana wai. Snow uhi kākaʻikahi oi aku 50 knm, a me kekahi manawa 'aʻole i uhi i ka lepo. Permafrost a me ka ikaika ikaika ka makani i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma fertility (humus,ʻaʻole he manawa e "oo ai" i loko o ke kau, a ua puhi mai ka paʻahau).

Ke etymology o ka makahiki

I rula, ka tundra - ka manaʻo i loko o, he pono ole. Aia mea nō e pono ai kekahi clarification. Tundra i nae e okoa: weuweu, peat, pohaku. Mai ke kūkulu'ākau ka mea, e kaupalena i ka Arctic waonahele, akā, kona hemaʻaoʻao o ka hoʻomaka o ka Arctic. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka tundra wahi lepo wai i manaoia kiʻekiʻe humidity, permafrost a me ka ikaika makani. Ke kanu malaila, kŘpa a sparse. Mea kanu e kaomi ai i ka honua, ho okumu i mau interlocking hoi e pana aku (kanu "cushion").

Ke loa manaʻo o (ka etymology o ka makahiki) i aie mai Finns: tunturi hua'ōlelo 'o ia hoʻi "treeless mauna." No ka lōʻihi manawa ka mea i manaoia he olelo o ka moku'āina, aʻaʻole formally keiki hookama. Paha ka manaʻo i lawe aa i ke aloha i ka Karamzin, ka mea i Hoopaa loa ana "i ka olelo e ia i loko o mākou hua'ōlelo," no ka mea, me ka mea mea paakiki e kuhikuhi i ka laulā, haʻahaʻa, treeless papu, kāʻeʻe, a me ka limu, a hiki ke kamailio pu ana huakaʻi, geographers a me ka haku mele.

Mea Maluna

E like me ua oleloia, o ka tundra - kēia manaʻo ua generalized. I mea, ka mea, ua maheleia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE cii: ka Arctic, Central a me ka hema. Noonoo ia i iki hou au mamuli.

1. Artic tundra. Kēia subband grassy (puleʻAmelika). Wehewehe aku semishrubs uluna ano a me mosses. "Pono" o ka laau uuku ma laila. Ua loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka hanau loʻi o ka lepo a me ka permafrost kaʻikaʻiʻia puʻu.

2. Ka Tundra (kapa typical) ka hapanui ka limu. Kokoke i ka aieou loaʻa sedge kanu me ka uku mauʻu wanawana a me kiliala. Here oe ke ike i ka mea kolo wilou me dwarf birch laau, lichens, mosses i hūnāʻia.

3. South tundra - o ka hapanui scrub wahi. Ke kanuʻaneʻi mea e kaukaʻi ma o ka me longitude.

aniau

Ke aniau Ua hala loa i hoʻohalahala (subarctic). I mea no ke aha la i loko o ka tundra? Aaoa mea hiki ole no ia -ʻaʻole i hiki ke hana ia i ka ikaika a me ka makani anu a pau holoholona. Loa kākaʻikahi, eia nā 'elele o ka nui? Aaoa. Mai ka bulk o ka tundra ua aia ma luna o ka Arctic Circle, winters mea,ʻaʻole nui wale oi loa, akā, he nui hou aku. Ka mea, e mai mau no na malama ekolu, e like me ka mau, akā, palua i lōʻihi (kapaia Polar po). I keia manawa, o ka oi aku i loko o ke anu tundra. Hawaiian aniau dictates ka oolea o ka hooilo. I ka hooilo, kaʻawelike i loko o ka tundra mea -30 ° C (a me kekahi manawa ma lalo, i mea ole uncommon).

E like me ka rula, i ke kauwela aniau i loko o ka tundra mea ole (ia mea loa pōkole). Augate ua noʻonoʻo i ka koʻu mahina. Kaʻawelike i keia manawa mea + 7-10 ° C. A kanu hele mai i ke ola i loko o August.

Flora,? Aaoa

Tundra - he aupuni o mosses a me lichens. I kekahi manawa oe ke ike angiosperms (ka hapanui kiliala mea haʻahaʻa), haʻahaʻa laau uuku, dwarf laau (birch, wilou). Typical ka poeikohoia o ka holoholona honua - he alopeke, caribou, hae, bighorn hipa, hare hoi, lemming. Loaʻa i loko o ka tundra a me na manu: keʻokeʻo-'ēheu kolea, plantain Lapland, ptarmigan, snowy pueo pepeiao, kolea, Snow Bunting, Red-kania-i Pipit.

Tundra - keia "hope o ka honua", nona ka wai i waiwai i loko o ka iʻa (whitefish, whitefish, Cisco, inconnu). Mea kolo kokoke ole: no ka mea, o ka mea haʻahaʻa mahana anu-koko hana e ola mea wale ole i ke Akua.