Uila dissociation: kaʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka electrochemistry

Uila dissociation Radio he nui kūlana i loko o ko makou mau ola,ʻaʻole naʻe mākou i hookuu mai i manaʻo e pili ana ia. I keia kŰia ua pili conductivity paʻakai, nāʻakika a me nā kumu i loko o ke kinowai ai meakino. Mai ka mua naau rhythms kauoha ae la ia e kekahi "ola" me ka uila i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, he kanawalu pakeneka o ka i ninoieo o ka loli, i kaa, lawe lima kaul a me âlapa pôhili me, rechargeable iuo aaoa? I mea inherently electrochemical iuo aaoa?, - wahi a pau a puni mākou invisibly noho pila nui dissociation.

Ke kanaka nunui exhaling noxious omoāea vats i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma kiʻekiʻe mahana, bauxite electrolysis iaoiaeii hoʻolako i ka "eheu" metala - Aluminum. All mea a puni mākou, mai ka chrome-waihoʻoluʻu paʻa radiator uhi i apo pepeiao i loko o kou mau pepeiao, a mau loa akuʻalo i nā pāʻoihana a me nā kiʻi hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai, a nolaila ke kŰia. 'Aʻole i makehewa uila dissociation aʻo i ka pau lālā o ka' epekema - electrochemistry.

Ma ka noho male 'ana o ka'ūheheʻe wai-nā lātoma e hele mai i loko o Nine Inch hoopaa me na nā lātoma o ka solute, ho okumu i solvates. Ke koʻana koko pāʻoihana mea susceptible loa i ka dissociation o ka paakai, nāʻakika a me nā kumu. E like me ka hopena o kēia kaʻina hana no ka solute lātoma hiki dissociate i loko o Ion. No ka laʻana, he koʻana koko'ūheheʻe ma lalo o ka aoao o ka Ion o Na ^+, a CI ^-, i mea ma ionic NaCI aniani i loaa mai i loko o ka'ūheheʻe meakino mua ma ka hou me solvated (hydrated) (particles).

O kŰia ho ma Mānoa, he kaʻina o ka piha a hapa'opi o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai i loko o Ion like me ka hopena o ka waiū a hiki i ka'ūheheʻe, a ua kapaia "ka pila dissociation." Kēia kaʻina He loa nui no ka electrochemistry. O ka nui o ka mea i dissociation o ka luna 'multicomponent nenoai ua wehewehe aku ma ka hanana o no i koe. A pau keia kŰia ua pū akula nō hoʻi iʻoi mahuahua i loko o ka helu ana o Ion ma ka pāʻoihana, i mea kaulana, mai electroless electrolytic waiwai.

Ma electrolysis Ion i ka maopopo olelo o ka noi: na (particles) me ka maikaʻi kauoha (cations) - i ka negatively hoopiiia'ūholo uila, i kapaʻia ka cathode a me ka maikaʻi Ion (anions) - i ka anode'ūholo uila o ke alo o ka uku ole, i kahi o ka mea, e hookuu. e hoemiia Cations a oxidized anions. No laila, i ka dissociation mea reversible.

Kekahi o na kumu ano o keia electrochemical kaʻina o ka degere o electrolytic dissociation, a ua kaheaia ma ka lākiō o ka hydrated (particles) a hiki i ka huina helu o nā lātoma mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai. Ke kiekie o ka manual, o ka oi keia mea he ikaika electrolyte waiwai. Ma keia kumu, ua māheleʻia aʻela nā mea a pau 'ona i loko o nawaliwali, meakino ka ikaika a me ka ikaika electrolytes.

Ke degere o ka dissociation hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka kēia kumumea: i) i ke ano o ka solute; b) ke ano o ka'ūheheʻe, kona dielectric ikaika a me ka polarity; c) lehulehu o ka pāʻoihana (i ka lalo o ka manual, ka mea i oi aku ke degere o ka dissociation); g) Mahana o ka noho male 'ana meakino. No ka laʻana, ka dissociation o aceticʻakika hiki ke hoikeia e ka mea kēia haʻilula:

Ch ₃ COOH ⁺ H + Ch ₃ COO ^-

Ikaika electrolytes i dissociatedʻaneʻane irreversibly, no kā lākou mau koʻana koko pāʻoihana 'Aʻole e noho unhydrated e hoʻomaka ana nā lātoma a me ka Ion. Ua E hoi e hou i ka dissociation kaʻina e loli ai a pau 'ona me ka ionic a me ka covalent Polarʻano o Nine Inch paa. I ka kumumanaʻo o ka electrolytic dissociation ua kālaiʻia i ke kaulana Kuekene chemist a me ka physicist Svante Arrhenius i ka makahiki 1887.