'amoniuma paakai - ki ina hana o ka la hoomalolo, hoʻohana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke aupuni,

Ke Nine Inch i huiʻia o NH4 + hoike mai ai ia ia iho me he singly hoopiiia maikaʻi mekala 'åkilikai metala cation. I ka interacting me anions oʻakika waiwai i hana mea pōaka 'ole e - Salt 'amoniuma nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 koloriside, sulufahate (NH4) 2S04, a iloko o kaʻakika anion a me ka'amoniuma pae.

'amoniuma paʻakai loaa i ka neutralization naoh, a ia lŘlŘ i ka naoh o ka ammonia me kaʻakika.

'amoniuma paʻakai, e like me, ma ka rula, ka hapanui o ka mekala 'åkilikai metala i dissociate (Wāwahi i cations a me anions) ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana ma ka Ion:'amoniuma paʻakai, like mekala' åkilikai metala paʻakai dissociate i loko o Ion:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Ma hahana maoli nō kēia, e decomposed maloo'amoniuma paʻakai i loko o ammonia a me kaʻakika; Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia thermal dissociation.

Ka mea i hanaʻakika (e laʻa me, hydrochloricʻakika) pu me NH3 evaporates, a ma luna o ka huʻihuʻiʻana e hoopaa ana me ka ammonia, a ua loaa ka paakai. Ua pono e mai la oia ia ia mea hiki, a me ka kaʻina mea reversible decomposition:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Penei,'amoniuma koloriside sublimes ka wā enaena, akā, ma hope o kekahi manawa ma luna o ka Tube hou 'ōili mai keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana o ka'amoniuma koloriside. E like me ka hopena, i ke kahua o ka ole-e yiaeaiiacaaeneiieʻakika paʻakai, e laʻa me, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes i hahana maoli nō kēia wale nō NH3, a me kaʻakika koe. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia irreversible decomposition.

All'amoniuma paʻakai i hana decomposed e alkalis (me ka paio hahana maoli nō), e hookuu ia ammonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Kēia naoh ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka loaʻaʻana o nā fertilizers me ka'amoniuma ke ano o ka naikokene.

Ma ka naoh o'amoniuma kalepona me ka mea pōhaku a me ke aloha nāʻakika hookuu o carbon dioxide. Ma ka naoh o'amoniuma sulufahate a koloriside me AgNO3 a BaCl hoʻokumu precipitates ano keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu.

'amoniuma paʻakai: ano he kumu hoʻohālike

'amoniuma paʻakai hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka mahiai. Kēia mea he mea maikaʻi no ka mea pōhaku, e ai ana kanu (e laʻa me,'amoniuma sulufahate - (NH4) 2S04). E like me ka mea, ua ike naikokene mea kanu e ka hoʻokemu wale nō i loko o ka ua nakiiia ma na palapala (NO3, NH4). No laila, i ka naikokene i huiʻia, ua nui ka hoʻokō. O ka nui o ka'amoniuma nitrate i maupaʻa'amoniuma nitrate NH4 NO3- naikokene.

A me ka'amoniuma dihydrogen posapahate,ʻikeʻia ma lalo o ka inoa o MAP NH4H2P04 a me diammonium posapahate (NH4) 2NR04 ke komo nā Nine Inch oihana mua o ke kanu kino - naikokene a me phosphorus. 'amoniuma paʻakai hookomoia ma ka hui fertilizers.

I ka ammonia reacts me ka kalapona'okesaside (IV) Ua synthesized urea a urea NH2-CO-NH2.

'amoniuma koloriside (NH4C1) a'amoniuma koloriside e hoʻohana i electrochemical keena, ma ka dyeing a me ka sittsepechatanii, tinning a me ka soldering. Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka hahana loa metala, ammonia ua decomposed i hydrogen koloriside a me ka ammonia. Hydrochloricʻakika reacts me ka'okesaside, contaminating ka metala luna, ai ka mea e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie paakai ua hana.

It E e kaulana ia i ka ua holoiʻia ili honua pono hanohano malaila solder. NH4NO3 ('amoniuma nitrate) pu me ke kalapona a me ka Aluminum paʻakai i kekahi hapa o ka mea pahū - ammonal. Mau hui e hoʻohana i loko o ke ana o nā pōhaku. 'amoniuma hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) e pinepine ia i loko o ka meaʻai a me ka confectionery oihana puolo. Kēia hui pū hoʻohana ua like me ka preservative no nāʻano o kaʻai. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi i ka waiwai e kōkua hōʻeleu i oo ana.

Qualitative naoh me ka'amoniuma paakai. I ka enaena, ka'amoniuma paʻakai i hanaʻia me ka mekala 'åkilikai pāʻoihana o ke'amoniuma hydroxide, a ua pipili me ke kala o ka ammonia.

Ke alo aku o ka ammonia hiki ke anaia ma kekahi mau 'ala, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu pepa nā hoailona. No ka lawe ana mai i kēia naoh ia mea e pono ke lawe 1.0 cm3'amoniuma paakai pāʻoihana hou 0.5 cm3 pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai hydroxide a me ka wela. Iloko o ka hahana maoli nō kēia kaʻina hana, ammonia ua hookuu, ano ala ua hana, ula ka uliuli litmus.