Elizabeth I English: kiʻi, Kawaihae, i ka noho alii ana o ka makuwahine o

Elizabeth I rula Beritania ma 1558-1603 makahiki. Mahalo i ka poe naauao, a me ka wahi lulu kuwaho ana i hana mai ai i kona aupuni i ka nui 'Eulopa mana. Elizabethan i keia la ua pono kapaia ka gula makahiki oʻEnelani.

Ke kaikamahine a ka wahine alohaʻoleʻia

I ka wā e hiki mai Queen Elizabeth au i hānauʻia ma ka September 7, 1533 ma Kaunakakai. ʻO ia nō ke kaikamahine a Henry VIII a me kana wahine, Anne Boleyn. King maoli makemake e kiʻi i ke keiki a me ka hoʻoilina i ka noho aliʻi. He no ka mea, o keia, oia hemo kana wahine mua Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, i hanau mai ia ia i ke keiki. Ka mea i hele mai i ka malamalama i kekahi kaikamahine, loaʻano Henry, naʻe ka mea, aole hoi i loaa pono'ī animosity i ke keiki.

A lohe o Elizabeth ua mau makahiki, kona makuwahine i hana. Anne Boleyn i hoopiiia o ke kipi. Ke alo noonoo ai kūʻiʻo oleloia aliʻi wahine o ke kipi i kana kane. Irascible Henry, no laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka pakele ana o kana wahine, oia ua lilo i ka ukana, a me ka mea nele i ka hanau i ke keiki kane. Hope oia i lawe i kekahi mau manawa. Mai i invalidated ka mau mare mua, Elizabeth a me kona kaikuahine Mary (Ekateriny Aragonskoy ka kaikamahine) ua illegitimate.

anal ka hoʻonaʻauao

E like me ke keiki Elizabeth au i ho'āʻo iho kekahi maoli akamai. Ua ike pono E ke Kumu he Roma, Helene, Italia a me Palani. ʻOiai ke kaikamahine ua technically illegitimate, kona aʻo e hana i ka maikai Kumu ma Kamepelika. O lakou na kanaka o kēia manawa - nā kākoʻo a me nā hoa o ka Reformation Catholicism iwi. Anna i keia manawa, Henry VIII no ka mea, o kona hoa pāonioni me ka Pope alai ae la no ka paa ana o ka ekalesia kuokoa. Elizabeth e okoa lawa freethinking, hope hoʻomau i kēia kulekele.

Ua ua aoia lakou, pu me Edward - ke kaikaina o ka mea mahope mare ana o Henry kaikaina. Children e hoa. I ka 1547, make iho la ke alii. E like me kona makemake, i ka noho aliʻi ua Edward (ka mea, ua i ke kapa Edward VI). Ma ka hihia o kona makeʻana me nā keiki a lākou mau mana i ua, e hele mai io Maria la, a me kona mau mamo. Elizabeth i kekahi ma ka laina. Akā, ke makemake ua nui ka palapala, a no ka mea, i kona makua kāne no ka manawa mua loa ma mua o kona makeʻana hooiaio me na kaikamahine kupono.

make o kona makua kāne ma hope

Stepmother Ekaterina Parr ma hope o ka hoʻolewa o Henry hoouna Elizabeth, e noho i loko o Hertfordshire, aku, mai London, a me ka Royal Palace. Eia naʻe, ua ua ola loa, a make iho la i ka 1548. Soonʻoihana kaua Edward VI kaikuahine hoi aku la i ke kulanakauhale alii. Elizabeth Ua nākiʻi i kona kaikuaana. Akā, i ka 1553, ua make palaka.

Kēia i hahai ma unrest, like me ka hopena o ka i hele mai i ka mana kaikuahine Elisabeta Maria. La oia i ke aloha i kona makuahine ua Hui, i i ole makemake i nā aliʻi o koʻEnelani. Repression ku Kalawina, hoomaka ae la. He nuiʻo Baron a me nā mākualiʻi hoomaka ae la e nana ma Elizabeth me he kupono ke aliʻi wahine, i kahi e makemake ai ka haipule ulia i kane manaopaa.

I ka 1554 ua he kipi o Thomas Wyatt. He Ua mahuʻi mua o ka makemake i kekahi, i ka pāpale aliʻi ma Elizabeth. A hiki aku i ke kipi i uhi pū, ke kaikamahine hoopaaia ma ka Tower. Hope oia i hoouna mai ai i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Woodstock. Maria i loa unpopular mawaena o na kanaka, no ko lākou pili i ka Kalawina hapa nui. I ka 1558, ua make mai ka maʻi, waiho no ka hooilina ole. Elizabeth piʻi i ka noho aliʻi mua.

Na haipuleʻikepili

Once me ka mana, i koke Koroleva Elizaveta au i ka olelo hooholo o ka hoomana nīnūnē ma ko lakou aina. I keia manawa i ka pau ana o Europe i Wāwahi i loko o ka inaina aku kekahi i kekahi poʻe Kalawina a me ka Kakolika. England, Aia ma luna o ka moku, e noho aku ai, mai keia koko kaua. A pau, ua pono i ka naʻauao aliʻi ma luna o ka noho aliʻi, ka mea i hiki keʻae i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai pāʻoihana a me nā māhele mau o ke kaiāulu, e noho me ka pili maluhia. A akamai a me ka loa-mau maka aku Elizabeth au ua like me he aliʻi wahine.

I ka 1559, ka mea hoohana i ka "Act o Uniformity." Kēia palapala Hoʻohui lā, i ka hoʻokô 'ana o nā mikionali mō'ī, e hahai aku i ka papa o kona makua kāne. I ka Ia manawa, ua papaia Kakolika hoomana. Kēia mau pono concessions ae e haalele i ka aina, mai ka lihi o ke kivila kaua. He aha ke hiki mai ina, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā kākoʻo o ka Reformation a Kakolika nōʻalo lae ma ka mākau alu koko kaua i loko o ka Kelemania, o ia au.

malina? anoe?

i ke au o kokololio ulu ana o kona waiwai a me kona pili aupuni keiki - I keia la i ke Kawaihae o Elizabeth ka First ua kuhikuhi me ka Golden Age oʻEnelani pili. An nui hapa o keia pomaikai i ka ka hoʻohuiʻana o ke kūlana o ke kulanakauhale nui, o London ka loa ikaika malinaʻEulopa mana. A no loko mai o ka noho alii ana o Elizabeth I loko o ka 'Akelanika, a pakahi aku la ia i loko o ka Caribbean, he poʻe koa o English pirates. Mau powa i komo ma ka smuggling a me ka looting kuai moku. Ka Ma lalo loa kaulana o ke au ua Frensis Dreyk. Elizabeth hoʻohana i ka "lawelawe" o ka lehulehu, e hoʻopau nā kānaka hoʻokūkū ma ke kai.

Eia hou, i ka enterprising luina, a noho me ka apono ana o ka moku'āina hoomaka ae la e hookupaa i ko lakou mau panalāʻau ma ke Komohana. I ka 1587 ikeia'ku Jamestown - ka mua English ana i loko o 'Amelika' Ākau. Elizabeth I, nona ka noho alii ana no kekahi mau makahiki, i kēia manawa a pau generously i kākoʻo 'ia hanana.

Kue me Spain

Malina? Anoe? O 'Enelani inevitably lawe mai iā ia i loko o kue me Sepania - nā'āina loaa no ka nui a me ka loa e pono panalāʻau ma ke Komohana. Peruvian gula ana muliwai kahe i loko o ka pahu o Madrid, ina i ka nui o ke aupuni.

I ka mea, mai 1570 ka navies o 'Enelani a me Spain i loko o ka moku'āina o "phony kaua." Formally, ka mea, i ole, ua hai mai, akā, i ka hookui ana o pirates a me galleons kaumaha i ke gula, i hoʻomaka ai me kahaha ko oukou naau regularity. Oil hou i ke ahi ma ka mea e Spain i ke kumu nui o ka 'ili o ka Ekalesia Hui, oiai ka Kalawina Elizabeth hoomau aku i kona makuakane i kaʻikepili.

I ka make ana o ka Spanish Armada

ʻoihana kaʻa mō'ī ke ka hailonaʻana wale nō ke kaua, akā, 'aʻole e hoopau ia. Open koa kaua, i lilo ai i ka 1585. He wawahi mai o ka Netherlands, kahi i nā poʻe kipi i ho'āʻo ana e kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka Sepania Aupuni. Elizabeth malū kākoʻo iā lākou ma ka hoʻolako 'i ke kālā a me nā kumu waiwai. Ma hope o ka moʻo o ultimatums ma nāʻelele o nā'āina, i ke kaua ma waena o 'Enelani a me Spain i hai kauoha aku.

Korol Filipp II hoouna i Beritania kai Armada. Spain ka ai-kapa koa'auwaʻa i 140 moku. Ke kue i ke hoʻoponopono i, nona ka manuwa koa ikaika a me ka mea o na mana elua e lilo i koloniala aupuni a pau o ka wā e hiki mai. Ka English'auwaʻa (me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Hōlani) oia o 227 moku, akā, ka mea, ua nui emi Paniolo. Naʻe, i ka mea, i ka lanakila - kiʻekiʻe maneuverability.

Ua i ka lanakila o kona kauoha ana i ka Pelekania'auwaʻa - ua hoike ia Frensis Dreyk a me Charlz Govard. Flotilla clashed August 8, 1588 ma Gravelinskom kaua kokoke i ka mokuna o Farani, i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel. Ka Spanish Armada ana ua hee o. Oiai ka hopena o ka pio e lewa koke, ua hōʻike manawa i ka mea, o ka lanakila o 'Enelani i ka nuiʻoihana moku mana i loko o kēia manawa.

Ma hope o Gravelinskogo kaua kaua hoomau iho la oia i kekahi 16 makahiki. Kaua no hoi i wahi ma Amerika. I ka hopena o ke kaua lōʻihi i ka hōʻailona o ke London ao nei i loko o 1604 (ma hope o ka make ana o Elizabeth). E like me ia ia ia, Spain hope haalele 'ākeʻakeʻa ma ka ekalesia noho oʻEnelani, iā' Enelani i'ōlelo mai ai, e hooki aku i ho'āhewa wale ma luna o nā panalāʻau o ka Habsburgs ma ke komohana. Eia hou, ma Ladana mākou i kākoʻo i ka Hōlani poʻe kipi, ka poe kaua no ka Kuokoa, mai ka Madrid alo i ka pau ana. Anʻauhau'ēʻaʻe no o ke kaua i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hale kanawai ma Pelekāne kālai'āina ola.

Aina e me Rusia

Back i ka 1551 i hoʻokumu i ka London poe kalepa Moscow-ma muli poe. Ua lilo i ke poo o Pelekāne kālepa a me Rusia a pau. Elizabeth I, nana au i, e noho i loko o ka Kremlin Ivana Groznogo, mālama palapala i ke alii, a ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka mikanele kuleana i kā lākou mau mea kālepa.

Ka Beritania, ua nui loa hoihoi i loko o aneiai ana me Rusia. Ka Uluwehi o kalepa'auwaʻa e alakaʻi ana i ke kuai ana a me ka kuai ana i na waiwai a pau. kuai o ka poʻeʻEulopa i loko o Lūkini für, ke hooheheeia, a no laila, ma luna o .. I ka 1587, Moscow, ka poe i loaa ka pono o ka noa kuai. Eia hou, ua hoʻokumu i ko lakou mau iwilei,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ke kapikala akā, i loko o Vologda, Yaroslavl a me Kholmogory. A na makana nui a hiki i keia kalaiaina, a kalepa i ka pomaikai i Elizabeth I. The Queen oʻEnelani i loaa mai ka Russian Tsar i ka huina o ka nui palapala 11, i keia la ho i ka hanana mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i.

Elizabeth a me ke akamai

The Golden Age, a ua pili i ke au o Elisabeta, i kekahi lewa i loko o ke Kuhina Nui o English moʻomeheu. A no loko mai o kēia manawa, i palapala mai i ka luna dramatist o ka honua moʻokalaleo Shakespeare. The Queen ua hoihoi i loko o ke akamai, ikaika kākoʻo kona kākau moʻolelo. Shakespeare a me kona 'ē aʻe nā hoapili i loko o ka makakū Workshop i komo i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka pukapuka o London hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ka loa kaulana o kēia mau mea i ka "poepoe honua", i kukulu ia i ka 1599.

Hana ho'āʻo e hana i hoikeia a me ka lealea ole i ka widest hiki hoolohe. Ua hoʻokumuʻia Royal poʻe i loko o kona pā hale. I kekahi manawa, i ka hana hoʻokani, a Elizabeth iho mua. Photo o kona wa e ola ana kiʻi maopopo hōʻike ana ia i ka wahine maikai, e huli mai ma luna o ka noho aliʻi ma ka makahiki o nā makahiki 25. Na mawaho ikepili e ia i ka hiki maoli o ke aliʻi wahine. He ua he polyglot ole wale, akā, i ka mea hana keaka maikaʻi.

nā makahiki

A hiki ma ka Ewa o kona make ana ua kahiko Elizabeth I English hoomau i ka 'Imi komo ma ka lehulehu mea. Ma ka hope wā o kona noho alii ana mai, e hooikaika i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ke aupuni mō'ī a me ka hale kanawai. No ola o ka waiwai nīnūnē a me ka pilikia o ka auhau. Elizabeth imi iho la e hoʻonui i ka pahu i loko o ka hanana o ka wā e hiki mai koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Hale kanawai kū'ē i kēia.

March 24, 1603 i ka aina aʻo i na kanaka a pau, make iho la Elizabeth aloha mua. Queen oʻEnelani maoli nanea i ka wahi o ko lākou mau hoa maka'āinana - no ka mea, ua paa ka inoa o Good Queen Bess. Elizabeth Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o Westminster Abbey me ka nui loa o kanaka.

Ka pilikia o ka succession

All Elizabeth ka nohoaliʻi ua oi loa huʻi nīnau o ka succession. Queen aole loa mare. Ua loaʻa iā ia he mau novels, akā, ka mea, he poe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ano. Hana i makemake ole e nakii i ka knot, no ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi i ka hoao ana o ka ohana ola o kona makua kāne, ka mea, i waena o nā mea, ua kauoha o ka hooko ana o kona makuwahine Elizabeth ka First.

i ole i ke Queen ka ahaaina mare mai, hoʻowahāwahā i nā entreaties o hale kanawai. Kona mau lala i loko o ka palapala o ka luna huli i Elizabeth me ka noi e mare i kekahi o nā lunaʻEulopa. No ia mea, ua i ka mea o ka lahui nui. I ka hanana i ka'āina makemake e waiho me ka maopopo pani, hiki ke hoʻoili i ka kaua kūloko a me ka pau ole, hale coups. Na kahu lio Queen o 'Enelani wānana Philip II o Spain, Kelemānia archdukes o ka Habsburg i nohoaliʻi ai, ka Kuekene Crown Prince Eric, a hiki Russian Tsar Ivan i ka weliweli.

Akā, ua loa mare. E like me ka hopena, ke keiki ole Elizabeth ma mua o kona make koho 'ia i kona hope Yakova Styuarta - ke keiki o ka Hawaiian Queen Mary. E like me kona makuwahine,ʻo ia hoike no ka moʻopuna nui o Henry VII - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Tudor i nohoaliʻi ai i ka i o ia Elizabeth I English.