He aha ka evolution ma kālaimeaola? E hoohauhee ana i koa, kānāwai, examples

I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka mea evolution ma kālaimeaola, ka waiwai ia nona. O ka holo ana, e olelo ana e pili ana i keia mea, ua hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo i ka evolutionary pähola 'o Charles Darwin, ka mea i kaumaha aku ia ia i ke ao nei, i nei a hiki i kēia lā.

No laila, he aha ka mea i ka evolution ma kālaimeaola? Ma lalo o kēia manaʻo ia olelo maopopo like me ka gradual loli, i mea ole loa luku. Akā, me he hopena o kēia kaʻina hana ka mea, he hana keaka loli. Evolution ma kālaimeaola e hiki ke alakai i ka kahua o ka hou laha 'o nā mea ola, a me ka'ano'ē loli, a hakuloli i ka mea kahiko poʻe. He aha manaʻo nui i ka evolution i loko o nā sciences maoli? O ka holo ana, i ke kī. Kēia oe e ike pau heluhelu ana i kēia hana.

evolution

Ano, kamaʻilio pū mākou i iki e pili ana i ke ki manaÿo o keia Haawina. He aha ka evolution ma kālaimeaola? He nui e ike i keia kŰia irreversible, a ua pololei ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala kaʻina hana, i ka ulu ana o ka wildlife. Oe ke noonoo i ka evolution o nā māhele kanaka a me ka biosphere i mau, no nā mea a pau e noho ana ma luna o mākou Honua. E hoomanao i Hawaiʻi hiki wale nō ia i ke ola meaola.

Mua evolution kue ia i ka mea like me ka "kipi". Akā, i loko o ka papa o ka ikaika study o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loaʻa mai: evolution a kipi mea ole, eʻike mai kekahi i kekahi. No ke aha? Ke evolution o ka miliona o ka makahiki hiki ke lawe 'ole e holo koke ma. Mai ka mokuna ma waena o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana ua mahalo haukaʻe.

Kekahi manaʻo i kanaka - keia mea i ka hopena o ka evolution, oia hoi, ua Hawaiʻi mākou, mai kahiko keko. Ua? Ac? Ia e ke nä känaka 'epekema kaulana Charles Darwin. A kumumanaʻo kapa evolution. Manaoio ia ai ole, kela mea keia mea hoʻoholo ma luna o lākou iho, no ka manawa, ua nui'ē aʻe hiki hypotheses. Akā, i kekahi manawa, ua hele aku ai i kā mākou hana ma evolution, ua hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo Darwin ka kumumanaʻo. Mākou e kaumaha aku i ka hoʻomaka mea pololei manawa.

Darwin ka kumumanaʻo

Charles Darwin ua hiki no ka manawa mua, e wehewehe i ka manaʻo kanaka i mea evolution ma kālaimeaola. Mākou e hoʻi e hōʻike 'ia i ka mea i kona kumumanaʻo i ka nānā' ana ma luna o nā palapala o T. Malthus, ka mea i hōʻike mai iā ia i ke ao nei i ka 1778 kona "hoonoho aku ma ka heluna kanaka." Hope nana i ka hana, Charles Darwin ua hiki ke formulate i ke kumu o kānāwai, koa e kipaku evolution. He aha mea i ka hana o T. Malthus? He ho'ākāka mea e hiki mai iā mākou, inā ua i koiia mai ka heluna ka ulu ana ma kekahi kumumea.

E noke pū i Darwin 'oni iki i ka kumumanaʻo o Malthus ma nā nenoai ola, kona papa kuhikuhiE na makana i ka' epekema - mea he wehewehe ana pehea evolution ia lŘlŘ. He mua hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o "maoli koho". Hai i ke i, a ua hiki ke hele mai i ka ia ka hopena i kekahi nä känaka 'epekema ('Ara Wallace). A laila, Darwinʻo Wallace pu, a noho pu lakou i ka halawai ana i ka makahiki 1858, he hui hoike, a ma ka 1859 Charles Darwin hoʻolauna i ke ao nei, e hana, "ke kumu o? Ueo."

Na kēia kumumanaʻo

No laila, he aha ka mea i ka evolution ma kālaimeaola, ka wehewehena o Charles Darwin ka kumumanaʻo, mākou i mua ae nei. Akā, he mea no hoi i ka laekahi (i kapa kemikala) pähola 'o ka evolution. Mākou e kaumaha aku i ka manawa pōkole nānā i ia.

I ka kumumanaʻo o Neo-Darwinism ua ka hōʻano hou 'ia hoʻi i loko o ka 20th kenekulia, Darwin ka kumumanaʻo - Wallace. Ua hiki mai i ka hopena o ke kūkulu houʻana, a me ka hou ana o houʻikepili ma o ka mau o ka:

• aaiaoe?;
• paleontology;
• hakakino kālaimeaola;
• kālaikaiaola;
• ethology.

No ke aha la keia kumumanaʻo kapaia kemikala? Kaʻoi loa no ka ka mea o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui nā kūlana hana na poe e Charles Darwin.

evolution kanawai

Ma mua o ka paepae kahua kānāwai mākou Kû ke, ke paipai oe i noonoo i ka mea a ka evolution ma kālaimeaola, ma keia hana, mākou e e kokua mai i ka pono. E lawe i ka uliuli hahai e ola ana i loko o ka Hale Islands. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e luku aku i nā parasites i ua pilikia i kane kanaka. Just hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hoouka aku i ka helu o ke kane a mahuahua i 40 pakeneka. No, parasites, a noho iho la malaila i loko o ke kaiāulu, ka mea, ua i Letra Kolohe Kai kāinoa mua he hindrance. No laila, ka mea nana e like ka evolution.

kānāwai:

• i ka uku o ka evolution mea ole ka mea hookahi;
• ho okumu ana o hou? ueo ia lŘlŘ ma na mea ano apau loa;
• Aia malaila kekahi mau hihia o regressive evolution;
• evolution mea aie i kekahi kumumea (mutation, ma kona ano maoli koho, aaiaoe 'Aeʻa).

evolutionary aʻe

Mākou aʻo i keia evolution ma ka kālaimeaola a me kona o Mānoa. E ka e kamailio e pili ana i nā kumumea. Ka mea, Ua loaa i ka hopena o ke ao a me ka systematization o loaa ka ike e pili ana evolution. Anna ai oe ke ike a maopopo kipaku koa e ae he nui ke ano o ka (emi hakuloli e ola) noho ma luna o mākou Honua.

No laila, eia wale ekolu ka papa aʻe:

• mutation kaʻina hana ;
• heluna ale;
• marginalized pūʻulu.

palapala koho

Olelo ana o ka evolution, ua hiki ke hoomaopopo kekahi mau ano o maoli koho :

• stabilizing;
• ka hoʻokukeʻana;
• disruptive.

Keʻano mua ua nona ma ka malama ana i ke kumupaʻa o kekahi mauʻano. i ka hana o ka manu liilii noonoo. I loko o ka ino 136 ka make manu i ua loaʻa. 64 o ia make, e like me i kekahi pōkole paha lōʻihi mau'ēheu. Kanaka me ka awelika nui ola, i ikea ia e oi mau nō.

Maka pua ikeia like penei: ka nalowaleʻana o nā lala i loko o nā nahesa a me nā maka ma ka waha o na holoholona, ungulates manamana, a no laila, ma luna o. Ia mea i ke kino (a me kona hapa) i mea e pono ai i ka holoholona, wale nalo.

An kumu o disruptive koho hiki ke hometa (oia hoi, kā lākou mau waihoʻoluʻu). Inā ka lepo i mea eleele, ka iwi ka mea eleele a me melemele tint.