Makamua kulanakauhale i kahiko Rusia: ka inoa, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ulu ana

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mōʻaukala o hikina 'Eulopa, i nohoiaʻi e Slavs, e hoomaka ana e makaikai i ka hoʻokumuʻo o Kievan Rus. E like me ka oihana kumumanaʻo, keia mea o ka mua moku'āina i loko o kēia mau aina, a iʻikeʻia i loko o ke ao nei me ia i noonoo iho la, a ua mahaloia luna. Kekahi ma hope o kekahi, he mea kahiko kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia, a me kēia kaʻina ua papani iho la me ka kaua o ka Mongols wale. Me ka kaua o ka poe a pau e hele ai i loko o oblivion, a me ka moku'āina iho, hakina iwaena o na mamo o ka luna. Akā, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i kona heyday, e hai aku ia mea i na kulanakauhale kahiko o Rusia.

A kona wahi e pili ana i ka aina

Kaʻia "Makamua Rusia" ua ana i oleloia e like me ka moku'āina hui a puni Kiev, i ola mai ka iwa a hiki i ka waena o kaʻumikumamākolu nā kenekulia. I mea, ia i ka hui ana o na mau poʻokela, a me ka heluna o ka hikina Slavs, subordinated i ka Luna Duke. ka Union paʻa nui nā panalāʻau e, i kona mau koa (i ka paukū), hoʻokumu i ka noho aliʻi o ke kānāwai.

Ka wā kahiko kulanakauhale i ka wa kahiko Rus i Kristiano, hoomaka ae laʻeleu? Ieoaeunoai o ka pohaku maha. Ke hou hoomana i hou aku ka ikaika o ka mana o ke alii o Kiev, a kōkua ai i nā kuwaho ana me ka aina Europa, me ka hooulu ana o ka moʻomeheu launa me Byzantium a me nā mahalo ulu'āina.

Gardarika

Ka muli o nā kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia ua o ka puahiohioʻano. 'Aʻole i make hewa i loko o ka moʻolelo o Western Gardarika ka mea, ua kapaʻia,ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kela mau kulanakauhale. Mai palapala kumu ka launa pū mai ke IX-X kenekulia, ka mea, ua ike ia ka 24 nui ko laila mau wahi, akā, ua hiki ke kuhi ana, ua nui na mea he nui. Nā inoa o kēia mau kauhale, he nō kāu Slavic. No ka laʻana, Novgorod, Vyshgorod, Beloozero, Przemysl. Ma ka pau ana o ka umikumamalua o ke kenekulia, i ke kūlana o nā kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia ua io invaluable: malaila hoi au i 238, ka mea, i maikaʻi ka pā, ua na-oaio? Ia o nā kālai'āina, kuai, hoʻonaʻauao 'ana a me ka moʻomeheu.

Ke 'ole a me nā' ano o ka noho i loko o nā lā kahiko

City i kahiko Rusia - keia hooponopono, no ka i ke akahele wae wahi. Ka ?? eoi? E i mea hoʻomaha i ka hua'ōlelo o ka pale. Ma ka puʻu, e like me ka rula, ma ka oihana o ka muliwai, i kūkulu hana paa ana i kekahi hapa o ka (Kremlin). ? Eeuo aiiia i aia kokoke i ka muliwai, a ma na kai, ka mea, i mai la, ma ka lepa. Ke'ī mai, oia ke kulanakauhale mua o kahiko Rusia o ke kikowaena hapa - ka Susana, pono-hoomaluia, a oi pono, akā, emi makaʻuʻole kalepa a me ka oihana apana. A iki hope ma ka noho ana e pili ana paha? Uyie.

Makamua kulanakauhale i kahiko Rusia kūkulu i ka pōhaku, e like ka hapanui o na Luna Hooponopono ma Western Europe i ka manawa, a me ka hana o ka lāʻau. Nolaila hele mai i ka verb "e oki" i ke kulanakauhale, aole i kūkulu. Hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i hana i ke komo lima o ka laau log keena piha me ka honua. E kiʻi i loko o ka mea i wale hiki ma ka puka.

It E e kaulana ia i kahiko Rus i kapaia o ke kulanakauhale, aole wale no hoi, akā, i ka pa, puʻukaua, pā kaua. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka Susana, i ko ka hale o ka papa kuhikuhiE hale (Hale Pule Nui Square, o ka waihonakala, i ka hale waihona puke), a me ka oihana a me ka handicraft hapaha Ua pono kalepa wahi a me ke kula.

Mother o Lūkini kulanakauhale

Ua ua i loko o kēia epithet i i hookoia he nui moʻolelo ka huahekili moku'āina. Ke kapikala o kahiko Rusia i ke kulanakauhale o Kiev - ka nani a me ka loa i ka pono ma ka hua'ōlelo o Leeuwerikplein wahi. People noho i loko o kēia wahi ano 15-20 tausani. Makahiki aku nei. Ke kaʻao Prince Kyi, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke kauhale, paha i noho ai iloko o ka Chernyakhov moʻomeheu. "Veles Book" hākālia nō ia mea, ua he kanaka maoli o ka South Baltic, a noho iho la koikoi ma ka waena o ka lua o ke kenekulia. Akā, i ka hookumu ana o ka hale kākela nā lā hoʻi i ke kumu o ka Scythian wā e 'ano me ka memo Herodotus cobble pu. Paha Polyansky Prince i ole i ke kulanakauhale, a me ka hooikaika wale ia, a i maopopo nä haumäna. Academician Rybakov aku la ia, ua hookumuia ia Kiev hope, ma ka 5-6 kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Slavs 'Imi na kanaka] wahi ma luna o ka Dnieper, a me ka Danube, ka hoʻokikina i ka Balkan Peninsula.

Ka muli o nā kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia ma hope o Kiev ua maoli, no ka mea i paa i na pa a pau e ola ma hope kanaka. Akā, ma ka wanaao o ka moku'āina kulanakauhale nui, mahinaʻai e komo aku ai i ka Khazar Khanate. Eia hou kekahi, halawai McDermott me ka Byzantine Auguseto, presumably me Anastasia. About ka mea rula huahekili ma hope o kona hoʻokumu i ka make ka IKE OLE IA. Mōʻaukala Shoes wale i ka inoa o na luna mau hope ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā Vikings. Wānana Oleg me ka hookahe koko ana hopu Kiev, i ka mea i kona kapikala, kipaku nomads, weluwelu ka Khazar Khanate, a hele aku la ma ke kūpono 'ana i Constantinople.

Golden manawa o Kiev

Movies Oleg a me kona hope, Igor a me Svyatoslav ke koa i ole ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kulanakauhale. Kona palena i ole hoomaka mai ke Kia, akā, ka mea, ua ku i ka pā kaua, i kukulu pagan a me Christian ekalesia. No ka hooponopono hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, ua weheia Prince Vladimir, a ma hope o ka bapetizo ana o Rus 'ia e ulu pohaku ahu puʻu kahiko akua razed i ka honua. Ma lalo o Yaroslav kūkulu St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, a me ka Gula puka, a me Kiev ka mokuna a me kona heluna kanaka ua mahuahua kekahi mau manawa. Hoʻomaka koke ka ulu 'House, hoʻopuka puke, hoʻonaʻauao. Kulanakauhale ma Makamua Rusia lilo nui a me ka nui, akā, ka huahekili Kyi mea nō ma ke kauoha. I kēia lā, i loko o ka kikowaena hapa o ka Ukrainian kapikala ke ike i ka hale i kukulu ia ma ka heyday o ka moku'āina.

Hawaii o ka Ukrainian kulanakauhale alii

Makamua kulanakauhale i kahiko Rusia he loa nani. A o ka papa, ke kapikala mea i koe. I kēia lā, kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ia manawa e haawi aku i ka manawa e hōʻikeʻike ai i ka nani o Kiev. Ka loa poʻokela hoi na mea makau - Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka möneka Anthony i ka 1051. Ka luna 'ninoieo o ka pōhaku o ka hale i hoʻonaniʻia me nā murals, aeee, lola honua ana, paʻa i nā hale kiaʻi. Golden Trail kūkuluʻia ma lalo o Yaroslav ka Wise - he hanana hoʻomanaʻo o ke kūlana pale kuhikuhipuʻuone. I kēia lā, aia no he iau loko a puni hale maheleia Kuea, kahi e ku nei a hiki i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka luna. He kumukuai o ke kipa i ke kaulana o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui (1037), St. Michael ka Hale Pule Nui Vydubychi hoailona (XI -. XII kenekulia) (. A pau XII kenekulia), Cyril, Trinity Trail Church, Church o ka mea e ola ai ma Berestove.

Veliky Novgorod

Major Cities no Makamua Rusia - mea ole wale Stolny Kiev. He nani, a Novgorod, i i ua hoolaia a hiki i keia la, no ka mea, ka mea, i ole hoʻoneʻeʻia ka Mongols. A laila, i mea e kuapo nui i kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, i ka kūhelu inoa o na luna i pākuʻi ka pākuʻina kau "Nui".

Kupaianaha Castle, mahele ae la i ka muliwai Volkhov, ka mea, ua hookumuia ia ma 859. Akā, i kēia mea i ka lā, i ka wa o ka hooponopono i olelo mua ma ka palapala kumu. Chronicle Shoes i ka 859 make Novgorod Voevoda Gostomysl, a no ia mea, ala hou aʻela lākou Novgorod, lōʻihi ma mua kahea Rurik ma ka na'lii. Hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana i hōʻike i loko o kēia mau 'āina kanaka Noho i loko o ka lima o ka kenekulia. Ma ka hikinaʻoihana aliʻi o ka umi o ka kenekulia ua haawiia i like-Slaviya (nani, Sala), kekahi o na-oaio? A moʻomeheu o ka Rus. Ma keia ua manaoia ke kulanakauhale Novgorod a me kona hoʻokomo - na kahiko kūlanakauhale Ilmen Slavs. No hoi, ka mea, ua hōʻike 'ia me ka Scandinavian Holmgard, kapikala Gardariki.

Hiʻona o ke kapikala o ke Novgorod Repubalika

Like a pau nui kulanakauhale o kahiko Rusia, i maheleia i na hapa Novgorod. Aia he mau kaiāulu o kana oihana-kauä kuapaʻa mākaʻikaʻi,? Eeuo mau mea me ka alanui, pakaua. Detinets Ua hana like kakahiaka nui me 1044. Kaawale mai ia ia, a hiki i keia la, noho au a me White (Alekseevskaya) hale kiaʻi. I nā makahiki 1045-1050 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o ke kūkulu o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, he uuku hope - Rotehama Dvorischenskogo, St George a me ka hānauʻana o ka Virgin.

I ka mea, ua hana Veche Repubalika, i ke kulanakauhale blooms kuhikuhipuʻuone (malaila Novgorod kula o kuhikuhipuʻuone). ua nalowale waiwai ka pono e kūkulu ekalesia, akā, ka mea, ua 'Imi komo kanaka, poʻe kālepa a me Kau waihona. People mau wahi i noho ai, e like me ka rula, i i ka lāʻau, a me ka pohaku kukulu ia wahi wale nō o ka hoomana. He noteworthy i hiki i ia manawa ma Novgorod ho'āʻo o lāʻau auwai, a i wālua i ālai 'pōhaku i nā alanui.

nani Chernihiv

Ma o ka nui kulanakauhale o kahiko Rusia,ʻaʻole e hōʻike Chernigov. Ma o ka wahi o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hooponopono ana o kanaka i noho i loko o ka 4th Ka Wā Kaukani BC. Akā, e like me ka huahekili Ua i mua i oleloia ma ka palapala kumu i loko o ka makahiki 907. Ma hope iho o ke kaua o ka hardwood i ka 1024 Mstislav kaikaina Yaroslava Mudrogo, Chernihiv i kona kapikala. No lailaʻo ia i ua 'Imi ulu, e ulu ana, a ua kūkulu. Here kukulu ia Ilyinsky a me Eletskii monasteries, a no ka lōʻihi manawa lilo ka uhane mawaena konu o ka na'lii, kona ?? eoi? Prostilalas i Murom a me Kolomna Tmutarakani.

Ke kaua o ka Tatars i papani ai hoi i ka maluhia kūpono 'ana o ke kulanakauhale, i i puhi ia e ka poʻe hao wale Chingizid Mongke i loko o October 1239. Me aliʻi manawa i kēia manawa i hiki aku ai kekahi mau kuhikuhipuʻuone masterpieces, a me ka mea, a hoʻomaka e makaikai i ke kulanakauhale ma ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Keia mea e ola ai Hale Pule Nui (XI keneta.), St. Elia Church, Sts a me ka Hale Pule Nui o ka mea mahuʻi, Yelets Uspensky hoailona (a pau -. XII c), St. Pōʻalima Church. Paraskeva (XIII c.). Noteworthy Anthony Cave (XI-XIX c.) A Black lua puu, promenades a me ka inoa.

Staraya Ryazan

Aia i kekahi hale kākela, a pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlanaʻano nui. Kulanakauhale i ka wa kahiko Rusia he nui loa, akā, i nā mea a pau o ia i ka waena o ka na'lii. Ryazan, pau luku e Batu Khan, i ole ola. I ka 1778, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan, i mea no ke kaawale ana, mai ka kahiko aliʻi noho i loko o ka 50 ei, Ua haawiia mai i ka hou inoa - Ryazan, akā, hana ia me ka pākuʻina kau "New". Wahi e pili ana o ka wa kahiko hale kākela i keia mea o ka hoihoi nui i ka moʻolelo a me nā archaeologists. Wale nō ka mea i koe iho o na pakaua noho oi ma mua o kanaono aa. Ke hulikoehana hookoe i nā nā wahi e pili ana o ka poe kiai outposts, New pā kaua Olga, ka poe i hālau a kokoke i ka All-Russian rodnovercheskoe kahi e olelo ai.

kupaianaha Smolensk

I ka luna ino i o ka Dnieper mea he kulanakauhale kahiko, a maikai loa. Placename Smolensk hele hoʻi i ka inoa Smolnya muliwai a me ka inoa o ka ohana a Smolyan. Ua mea no hoi paha i ka hale kākela i kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka mea ia ia e moe ana ma ke ala, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene, a ua he wahi kahi huakaʻi tarred moku. Ua Ua mua i olelo ia i loko o "ka nui o Bygone Nam" ma ka 862 a me ka ua haawiia i like i ka waenakonu o ka tribal hoao ana Krivichy. Ma ke kai eʻe ma luna o Constantinople Askold a Dir hele a puni Smolensk aoao, no ka mea, ua hoopili i paʻa i. I ka 882 o ka hale kākela i pio e wānana Oleg, a lilo iho la kekahi hapa o kona mana.

I ka 1127, i ke kulanakauhale i ka hailona Rostislav Mstislavovitch, ka mea i loko o 1146 kauoha aku e kükulu i ka Hale Pule o SS Petero a me Paulo, Smolensk, Church o Ioanna Bogoslova. Ma mua o ka Mongol kaua Smolensk ea i kona kiekie loa piko. He i kahi o 115 aa, a me he mea he kamaaina heluna o 40 tausani. People iʻewalu tausani home. Iā Goga kaua i ole hoopa huahekili, i ae la ia ia, e hoola i na mea he nui kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Akā, no ka mea, ua lilo kona waiwai, a haule iho la ia ma lalo o ka dependency o'ē aʻe i ko na'lii.

na kulanakauhale e

E like me 'oe ke ike, kiʻekiʻe hoʻokiwikā ulu o kahiko Rusia ae ia ia e ole wale i ka pili aupuni mawaena konu o ka aina, akā, no hoi, e hookupaa i ka aina e pili ana me nā'āina. No ka laʻana, Smolensk i he kokoke pilina me Riga, a Novgorod kalepa ana i mau mea kaʻao. He aha nā noho ola ma Rusia?

• Polotsk, Aia ma luna o ka hookupu ana o ka Western Dvina. I kēia lāʻo ia nei ma luna o ka mokuna o Belarus, a aloha ia e iauaeoia oo? Ecia. About aliʻi au hou ia e hoohalike ai St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui (11th kenekulia, luku iho la ia, a hoomakaukau hou i loko o ka 18th kenekulia) a me ka mea kahiko pohaku hale i loko o ke aupuni - ka hoopahaohaoia'na Church (12th kenekulia).
• Pskov (903 makahiki).
• Rostov (862).
• Suzdal (862).
• Vladimir (990 makahiki). Ke kūlanakauhale ua komo i loko o ke Gula alii o Rusia, kaulana Uspensky a me Dmitrievsky Hale Pule Nui, Golden puka.
• Moore (862), puhi iho la ia i ka Mongol kaua, hoomakaukau hou i loko o ke kenekulia umikumamaha.
• Yaroslavl - kulanakauhale ma ka Volga, i hoʻokumuʻia e Yaroslav ka Wise ma ke kakahiaka nui umi kenekulia.
• Terebovlya (Galicia-Volyn na'lii a), i ka mua hoohiki ana o ke kulanakauhale nā lā hoʻi i ka 1097 makahiki.
• Galich (Galicia-Volyn na'lii a), ka mea mua i kākau olelo ai o ia nā lā hoʻi i ka 1140 makahiki. Naʻe, i loko o ka moʻolelo o Duke Stepanovich ka mea olelo i ka mea, uaʻoi aku ma mua o Kiev i ke ola o ka Ili Muromtsa, a ua loaa ka bapetizo loa ma mua 988 makahiki.
• Vyshgorod (946 makahiki). Ke kākela i ka hailona o Princess Olga a me kona wahi punahele. Heʻaneʻi i olaʻekolu haneri haiā wahine, Prince Vladimir mua o kona bapetizo. Mai Old Russian au i i ola i ka hookahi hale.
• Pereyaslavl (i keia la ka Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky). I 907 ka mea, i mua i oleloia ma ka palapala kumu. I kēia mau lā i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e hiki ke ike koena o ka pakaua 10-11 kenekulia.

kahi o ka epilogue

O ka holo ana, mākou eʻaʻole i helu 'ia ma nā kūlanakauhale a pau o ka nani au o ka hikina mai Slavs i ka mōʻaukala. A oi loa aku hoi i hiki ke wehewehe ia maopopo e like me ka mea pono, ma muli o ia ka mea i kaupalena 'ia ka nui o ko mākou mau' atikala. Akā, ua manaolana i ka hoala ae hoihoi i loko o ke ao o ka mea i hala.