PalaniʻOiʻenehana: i ka nui o nā kumu, ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana, nā hualoaʻa

Ke 18th kenekulia ua manaoia e ia i ke kenekulia o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana. Ka hookahuli ana o ke aupuni mō'ī, ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana a me ka vivid examples o ka weliweli i uhi mai ia i nā hanana koko o ka 1917 OctoberʻOiʻenehana i loko o konaʻino. Na Palani makemake e noho i loko o ka hilahila, a me nāʻano a pau e romanticize i kēia wā o kona mōʻaukala. Ke kumukuai o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana hiki ole ke overestimated. A luku mai laʻana o ana i ka loa a me ka puni koko weliweli holoholona, Hoano eo ia iho i loko o ka aahu o ke ku okoa ana, e hoʻokolokolo pono a me ka fraternity, makaukau ana e poho iho i ko lakou mau niho i loko o ke kanaka, a me kona inoa -ʻOiʻenehana.

Kāʻei kua o KA hoʻomaka o ke kipi: ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai a me ka pili aupuni hoʻoponopono ulia

Pii i ka noho alii i ka 1774, Louis XVI e koho i Robert Turgot General Waiwai eiioeieeae, akā, ua hooleia ka laulā huahelu o nā mea hoʻololi i manaoia ma keia politician. Aristocracy ikaika o Ruta i ko lakou mau pono, a me nā aliʻi a pau me ka aoao, na hana e moe ana i ka kaumaha loa ma na poohiwi o ke kolu o ka waiwai, 'elele o ka i loko o Farani, he 90%.

I ka 1778, Turgot, ma ka oihana replaces Nekker. He abolishes serfdom i loko o ke aliʻi inoa kikowaena, hoʻomāinoino 'oiai interrogations, hoʻohaiki ana i ka' aha hoʻokolokolo koina, akā, i kēia mau anaʻana, he wale o ka kulu i loko o ke kai. Absolutism ua ole ae e hoʻomōhala lākou loa-capitalist ana ma ka kaiāulu. Nolaila, he loli o oicyenoaaiiie hale ua wale i ka mea o ka manawa. I wahi e deepen i ka waiwai ulia, hoikeia ma ka ulu ana o kumukūʻai i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka ulu ana i loko o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Emi ka waiwai o ke kālā i ku ikaika mai la i ka loa keakea nāʻoihana o ka heluna kanaka, ka mea, ua kekahi o na catalysts podstegnuvshih ulu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e hoʻolaha i ka kaiāulu.

Paheona kumu hoʻohālike, a hoike mai i ka 'Amelika kaua o ke kuokoa, ha ma ka manaolana o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Palani. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana, he manawa pōkole (a me na nā mea mahuʻi mea iʻoihana kaua), ia e ke kaulana, a me ka pili aupuni ulia ma Farani. Aristocracy noonoo iho kau ma waena o ka pohaku, a me ka paakiki wahi - ke alii a me na kanaka. No ia mea, lawe wale wahi a pau nā HOU mea, ma kona manao, hooweliweli liberties a me kāu mau koho. King hoʻomaopopo i ka mea i pono, e lawe i ka liʻiliʻi loa i kekahi mea: France hiki ole hou e noho ma ka mea kahiko alanui.

I ka mālama 'ia o ka States General 5 May 1789

A pau ekolu papa hahai lākou mau pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu. Ke alii manaʻo e pale i ka'opi o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma ka hoʻoponoʻia i ka auhau nenoaiu. Aristocracy - e malama i kona kulana, ia nā mea hoʻololi i maopopo pono. Ano o kanaka, a me ke kolu o ka aina, ua manaolana i ka States-Nui , e lilo i wahi kahi lākou mau kuleana hope lohe. Swan, ka crayfish a me ka pike ...

Makai paio kālaimanaʻo a me kēia hui kūkāʻana aie i ke kokua nui mai o na kanaka ana i hoʻonā i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Apana Estate. 1200 noho 610, a me ka loa pio ma na nā paʻi hua. A koke ka mea, i ka manawa e hōʻike i ko lakou ikaika kalaiaina. Lune 17 ma ka Arena no ka mea poepoe pāʻani Poeikohoia o na kanaka, e lawe ka lanakila o ka haunaele a me ka vacillation i waena o nā clergy a me ka aristocracy, hōʻike i ka hanaia'na o ka National Ahaolelo, Hoʻohiki ihola ia i ole e lūlū aku a hiki i ke kumukānāwai. Ke clergy, a no ka hanohano kākoʻo ia. Ke kolu o ka waiwai i hoike ia ia mea e pono ia e noonoo.

Bastille

Ka hoʻomaka o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana ia i ka momentous kekahi hanana - e lawe ana i ka Bastille. Na Palani hoʻolauleʻa ai i kēia lā me he aupuni Holiday. Like no ka moʻolelo, ua māheleʻia lākou manaʻo: ma laila nā skeptics i haha aku i kekahi ohi, a ua ole: i ka pā kaua de I makemake hookuu mai ai ia ia iho, a me ka mea a pau i hiki mai ai no ka mea, o ka mea carelessness o ka ahakanaka. Koke iho la ka mea i pono, e möakäka hou i kekahi mau kumu. Lālau aʻela ia i ka hihia, a me nā mōhai, he. Kekahi mau poʻe i ho'āʻo i lalo loa i ka uwapo, a ia kaomi i kēia mau ulia. Poe koa e hiki e ku imua o, ia ia i ka pu, a me ka hoao ana. Aia uaʻAʻole lawa ka ai lako, akā, mōʻaukala ike examples o ka'ōlohe wiwo pale o ka pā kaua.

Ma muli o ka palapala mākou i ka mea kēia: ma ke Kuhina Waiwai Nekkera a hiki i ka hope commandant o ka pakaua Pyuzho a pau i olelo mai ai ma luna o ka abolition o ka Bastille, oiai hōʻike i kekahi mau manao. I ka hopena o ke kaulana pā kaua-o ka hale paʻahao i hoailonaia - a no laila, ka mea makemake e wāwahi. Akā, mōʻaukala aole i ike i ka subjunctive naʻau i loko: July 14, 1789 ua ka lawe ana o ka Bastille, a me keia ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana.

ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a

Hoʻoholo 'ana o na kanaka o Farani, hoʻoikaika ihola ke aupuni e hana concessions. Kulanakauhale nā kauhale i lilo iho i loko o ka kamaʻilio - he aupuni kūʻokoʻa hoʻokahuli aupuni aupuni. kaulana Palani tricolor - he hou lahui hae i aponoia. National koa i alai ae ma de Ka Lafayette, ka mea i lilo kaulana i loko o ka US Kaua o ke Kuokoa. Ka National Ahaolelo i hoomaka ai i ke kahua o ka hou aupuni, a me ka ke kaha kiʻiʻana o ke kumukānāwai. August 26, 1789 hoohana i ka "Kuahaua o ka Rights o ke kanaka, a no ka Makaainana" - o ka nui palapala i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana. Ma ka mea i hai aku i ka pono a me ka walaʻauʻana kīvila o ka hou Farani. Ano a pau i nā kānaka apau ke kūʻokoʻa o ka lunaʻikehala, a me ka ia'ku i ka hoʻokaumaha. I hiki ma ke akea ka hoike i ko lakou manao, a me ka palekana, mai encroachments ma waiwai. Ano a pau, ua like ma mua o ka kānāwai, a i like me ke kuleana i ka auhau. Ke kumukuai o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana i hoike i loko o nā laina o keia e holumua ai palapala. Ia ka hapanui o Europa aina hoomau e hana eha iaʻi ma ka lawelawe like ole ua loaʻa ma ke koena o ka Middle Ages.

ʻOiai nā mea hoʻololi 1789-1791 GG. Ua hoʻololi dramatically na mea he nui, i kuhikuhi i ka hookamaia ana o ke kānāwai ma luna o ka suppression o kekahi ke kipi aku i ka poe ilihune. Ua ua i papaia e hui uniona kālepa a me ka hana pepehi iho at ia. Hana hou i hoʻopunipuni mai ai.

September 3, 1891 i ka hou kumukānāwai i aponoia. Ua haawi mai ke kuleana e koho i kekahi kaupalena helu ana o na hoa o ka waena strata. I mālama 'i ka hou Hale Ahaolelo, kona mau lala ka hiki ole ke hou-koho. A pau i kēia ka pilina i ka radicalization ana o ka heluna kanaka, a me ka manawa kūpono o ka weliweli a me ka despotism.

Ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana o mawaho kaua, a me ka haule ana o ke aupuni mō'ī

Enelani makau i ka hookamaia o ka holomua oicyenoaaiiie nā mea hoʻololi ho ololi i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Farani, no laila, me ka mana a pau, e hoomakaukau i ke kaua o Austria, a Prussia i kiola ia. Patriotic Farani kākoʻo i ka leo kahea, e hoomalu aku i ko lakou'āina. Ka National kiaʻi o Farani koi i ka 'oni iki o ka mana o ke aliʻi, i ka hoʻokumu o ka repubalika a me ke koho ana o ka hou lahui Kuikahi. Duke o Honolulu hoopuka ia kekahi manifesto i loko o ka mea ana i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i kona manao: e hele io lākou lā Farani, a luku aku i ke kipi. Once aʻo e pili ana i ka mea i loko o Paris, nā hanana o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala hikiwawe loa. Ma August 10, na kipi hele aku la i ka Tuileries, aʻulupā ka Hawaiian kiai, hopu ehiku o ke alii. Illustrious na kanaka i waihoia ma ka luakini pā kaua.

Ke kaua a me kona hopena ma luna o ke kipi

E wehewehe i pokole ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka naʻau i loko o Farani, ke kaiāulu kanaka, mea he yiaeaiiacaaeneiie Mix o ka hoʻohuoiʻia, makaʻu, hilinaʻiʻole a me ka awaawa. Lafayette holo mau kihi pā Longwy hookuu mai ai ia me ke kaua. Hoomaka ae la ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hopu a me ka nuipa a hooko ma ka Initiative o ka Jacobins. Ka hapa nui o ka Girondins i loko o ka Convention he - ka mea, nana i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka mea e malu ai, a hiki initially lanakila. Ko lakou mau kumumanao he nui: mai ka hoʻopau o ka Paris kamaʻilio i ka hopu ana o Holland. Ma ka manawa Farani ua i kaua kokoke i ka pau ana oʻEulopa.

Personal hoopaapaa a me squabbles, emi ola mau hae, a-yeiiiie? Blockade - ma lalo o ka aoao o kēia mau kumumea ho ololi i ka Girondins hoomaka ae la e mae, a me keia pomaikai i ka Jacobins. Betrayal o General Dumouriez i ka pono ka olelo e, e hoopii aku ai i ke aupuni o ka hana pū 'ana me ka enemi, a lawe aku la ia ia, mai ka mana. Danton alakaʻi i ke Komite o na Hana Maluhia o ka Lehulehu - i ka mana hooko i kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka lima o ka Jacobins. Ke kumukuai o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, a me nā ideals no i ka mea ku nei, ua nalowale a pau ano. Ka weliweli a me ka ikaika kahili ae France.

ka weliweli Apogee

France Ua hele ana ma kekahi o ka loa pilikia manawa i loko o mākou iho mōʻaukala. Kona poe koa i emi, Komohana Hema 'ole ma Girondins alakaʻi i ke kipi. Eia hou kekahi,ʻeleu kākoʻo o ke aupuni mō'ī. Ka Make o Marat Robespierre mea ai hoohikilele au ia ia he nui kona makemake wale koko.

Public Maluhia o ka Lehulehu Komite hala na mana o ke aupuni - he nalu o ka weliweli kahiliia ma Farani. Ma hope iho o ka hookamaia ana o ka manao paa o June 10, 1794 o ka hoopiiia i hōʻole i ka pono a hiki i ka mea e malu ai. Hopena o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, i ka dictatorship o ka Jacobins -. Kahi o ma kahi o 35 tausani make, a oi aku mamua o 120 tausani heʻauheʻeʻana i loko o ke pioʻana ..

ka weliweli kūkulu 'ia ai ka paka i kona haku, i ka repubalika, ka huikau inainaia, pepehi.

He Hoikehonua

Farani i hookahe keʻokeʻo ma kivila kaua, kipi, a kuʻuʻia kona puʻe a me ka loaʻa. A pau ua loli: manawa i hoolilo ia lakou iho i ka hoomaau ana a me ka hoʻouluhua Jacobins. Lākou laau ua paʻa, a ua kiʻekiʻe o nalowale ke Komite o na Hana Maluhia o ka Lehulehu mana. Aha-elele, mālama i ka pono o ka poe i ua waiwai ma luna o nā makahiki o ke kipi, ma ka mea ku ole, hoʻoikaika akula i kona kulana, akā, i kona wahi koe naueue. Lawe pono o keia, no ka Jacobins o ke kahua i nei i loko o May 1795, i ke ahiahi, aole hoi ia ua loa mau naau, akā, ka mea, ua hōʻeleu i ka noho male 'ana o ka Convention.

Pae lōpū Republicans a Girondins i hana ka papa kuhikuhi. France Ua nenelu ma ka palaho, debauchery a hāʻule piha o ka noho pono ana. Kekahi o nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi loa, o ka Papa Kuhikuhi ua helu Barras. He Hakau He Hoikehonua, a propelled aku la ia ia ma ke kaua ma ka hoʻouna i nā luna hoʻolale paipai aʻo kai eʻe.

People hope ua lilo ka manaoio i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi a me kona mau luna, a me keia i Napoleon. November 9, 1799 i kukala aku ai i Consulate? Aaeei. All hooko mana i kia ma ka lima o ka First Kanikele - He Hoikehonua. Ka oihana o na Kanikela'ē aʻeʻelua, ua aʻoaʻo wale. Ke kipi nei no.

Nā hua o ke kipi

Hopena o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana hoikeia i loko o ka loli ana o oicyenoaaiiie hale a me nā loli i loko o kaiapili-oicyenoaaiiie hoahanau. Ka ekalesia, a me ka aristocracy mahope lilo kona mua mana a me ka ole. France ma luna o aneiai mawah o capitalism a me ka holomua. Kona kanaka, miko i loko o nā kaua a me ke kālā, e komo i ka loa mana efficient kaua ma ia manawa. Ke kumukuai o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana mea nui: i loko o nā manaʻo o nā lāhui kanaka he nui Europa, i hanaʻia i nā ideals o ka like, a me ka moe o ke ku okoa. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa ua he makau o na upheavals hou a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni.