Stigma kumumanaʻo (lepili). Good - hewa. Kanaka hana, hana

Popular stigma kumumanaʻo i waho ma ka XX kenekulia. Kona proponents manaʻo i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, he mea he ponoʻano papa hana o ka lepili no kekahi pōʻai pūʻulu. Me ia, i ka hapanui o ka poe i hoohewa ae ai i 'ole' ē aʻe haiahū kūmau mai ka maʻamau hana nui 'ike.

Paʻa o ke kumumanaʻo

Nā kumu no kēia kŰia moe ana i loko o ka pāonioni paʻa ma waena o kanaka. Stigma kumumanaʻo mea i loa Ho'ākāka 'na rula a me violators o kēia mau rula i hāʻawi mai i ka i' ae '(stigma). People ka mea e ole hooko me ka nui oluolu rula o ka hana i manaoia deviants (hooleia).

Stigma kumumanaʻo Ua hana hoomaikai aku i ka hana ana i kekahi mau honua-kaulana sociologists: Edwin Lemerta, Howard Becker a me Kay Erickson. I mai la lakou a pau no i ka ia hanauna o nā kānakaʻepekema hana ana i loko o ka hapa mua o ka XX kenekulia. No hoi i na makana nui no ke kūpono 'ana o ke kumumanaʻo hoʻolauna Erving Goffman. A ki hiʻona o kēia kumumanaʻo o ka manaʻo i ka mea io a pau o ke ano e mai nei. Kūloko maʻiʻo 'Aʻole i pili i ka helu. Noke heluia, e hilinaʻi nui wale ma luna o ia mau rula, a i ka 'elele i lawe maikai nei ke kaiāulu iho.

iniiaiie haiahū kūmau

I sociology maliuia wahi o ka Hawaii i ole "maʻamau" a me ka "'āno'ē" kanaka. A, kēlā kanaka hiki deviant hana i loko o kekahi mau wahi. Nolaila, he mea ole a me ka poʻe me pathologies. Kekahi, mai hemo mai na rula o ke alanui, kekahi uku i ka auhau, i kekahi mau hooligans ma pôpeku ihoiho.

stigma kumumanaʻo e hōʻike ana i ka ai-kapaia iniiaiie haiahū kūmau. ¶ Eia nā 'aʻe' ana i lawelawe kūmau, i pakele, mai lalo o ka noonoo ana o ke kānāwai mākaʻi no ka mea, o kona he lauwili anei a me ka oaeouee?. A, i ka loiloi 'ia' o "ka pono", "ino" hana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui lāliʻi. No ka laʻana, ma kekahi nā kaiapili wahine mea ole ana i ka hana i hiki ke hana i ke kanaka, iā ia ma nā'āina he mea ole ia mau kapu. Kekahi pinepine ua nānā 'deviant hana, e like me ka nuipa a stereotypes. No ka laʻana, ma na aina, e nema aku na kanaka no effeminate nānā aku a me ke kiʻi, eia nae ma kahi e ua hana 'aʻole i papaia. Ke ana o ka "pono", "heʻino paha" ua ua hoʻopili i ka nohona kaiapuni o ke kanaka. Wale mai poʻe e noho kokoke noho pono hilinaʻi nui hahai ina paha no kekahi mau hana o ka noʻonoʻo loi.

haumāna haiahū kūmau

Ka hoʻopili i ka i 'ae' ia ma ka hapanui o ke kanaka entails he nui hopena ma luna o laila. Ma muli o ia i ka lehulehu naoh ia lŘlŘ kiʻekiʻe deviant kolohe. Ke kanaka a loaa no ia i ka i 'ae' lilo no 'ē aʻe o ka lāʻau addict, he karaima, he bum, a no laila, ma luna o. D. kēia kūlana inhibits i kekahi'ē aʻe lula o ke kanaka me kāna moʻolelo. People ka poe i ola i ka lōʻihi manawa e like me ke kuni, hoʻomaka e kūkulu i ko lakou mau ola holoʻokoʻa me ka nānā 'ana ma keia ano.

stigma kumumanaʻo kekahi wehewehe i ka typical hana o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o ka deviant hui. Kela lā, e haha aku i ka noʻonoʻo loi o ke koena o ke kaiāulu - he alahula mau stress. Mai kanaka me ka io lepili pinepine e hoohuli ae i mau hoa, hoalauna, a hiki hoahanau. Oia ka pilikia kulana home 'ole ua hoano a pau i ka nohona ke kūlana mākaukau maoli o ke kanaka. He aha kekahi kanaka ke hana i keia kulana? E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua hui ia ma ka deviant pūʻulu me ka ia kanaka.

Stigma a me ka hewa

Loa huali rallying rula hana i loko o ka underworld. People i loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o kēia 'ia, kokoke e mau lilo na hoa o ka nui pae, huli kū'ē mai ana ia ia iho i ke koena o ka lehulehu.

Ma muli o keia kumu, kekahi noiʻi manaoio i ka mea ulu ma ka hewa, ua hapa hanaia no ka mea, ke kaiāulu stigmatizes hewa hoowahawaha mai ia i loko o karaima niche a me ka pela 'aʻole i loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o ka hale paʻahao, e hoʻi i ka maʻamau ola. I ka kumumanaʻo o ka stigmatization ma criminology i keia la i ka hailona o n. He hana hoihoi i ka like rula hiki aku ai i ke ano o ka wa opiopio subcultures a me counterculture.

Life me ka i 'ae'

Group hana stigmatized kanaka hiki ke lawe i na 'ano apau loa. Akā, i nā mea a pau o ia i ka pono unifying like kumu hoʻopaipai - ka makemake e huli hoa ma ka pōʻino. Ua hiki e pono-i hoʻonohonoho 'ia, a me ka hiki ana i ke kākoʻo mai o ka moku'āina a me ka nohona hana me na newa ka polokalamu JavaScript, ka poʻeʻelemākule, kanaka pilikia mai obesity, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Kekahi o kēia mau koʻikoʻi a hanohano ke hoʻomōhala i loko o kekahi mea hou. No kekahi laʻana, na aina i ko lakou mau aupuni malu o Alcoholics Anonymous. Ka mea, i ole e lawe pū kanaka, ka poe e imi nei i ka hana a me kā lākou mau 'ino. Oia nā kaiapili kaumaha lākou mau lala i ka pau ana - hou lifestyles pono e kiʻi koʻu ola hoʻi i ka maʻamau.

Stigma ma sociology i kekahi hana ana ma luna o ke aupuni manawa. Ma keia hihia, kanaka pinepine akoakoa ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o koke. I ka nui kūlanakauhale, loaʻa he mau mea uuku o ka aina, ka hapanui o ka heluna kanaka o ka i mea oi a emi ka Diaspora.

"Eʻike"

Pinepine, kaiapili stigma hiki aku ai i ka mea i ka kau wahine paha, o ke kanaka i e okoa mai i ke ano pono'ī oiaio. Kēia discrepancy koe i ka hopena maikaʻi manaʻo o ke kanaka. Ua Anati-nohona kanaka hiki ke manao ia e kākoʻo mau wale pūʻulu o kanaka. Ka mua - na kai i ke ola me ka ia stigma. About ia kau aʻela ma luna.

Akā, he mea o ka lua o ka pūʻulu. Kēia no laila,-kapaia "ka naauao." Ia mau kanaka i manaoia "maʻamau" ke kaiāulu kanaka Hawaii ia i kona iho. Naʻe, ka mea e i makemake e kau lepili i ka "lepero". Ma ke kue, "maopopo" pili i ka lawe stigma me ka manao. Me ia, he kanaka e loaa ana mai lākou i emi kana, ke manao hōʻoluʻolu. "Ka hoomaopopo" ole ka hilahila a me ka mai puʻe wale mai i ke koena o ke kaiāulu hookuke aku ana.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike me deviants

Ka kŰia o "ka naʻauao" Ua maopopo hoihoi i loko o Erving Goffman. He hōʻike i au mamuli o ka 'ano o ke kanaka ana i loko o kona puke, "Stigma". E like me kona kuhiakau, i mea e hoʻoneʻe kokoke i ka marginalized, nele ka maʻamau kanaka e hele ma ka nui kŰia - mea e makemake ae la ia e nana i ka unaccustomed maka a puni.

Stigmatized paakiki, e hele i ka hui 'ana me kanaka, mai kekahi hoa kanaka. No ka laʻana, he "ino" keiki, kipaku mai nā hoa poʻe, hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha ia e snapping ma ia imi, e hookupaa ai ia i kekahi pilina. He He kumu manaʻoʻike ke pale ana i ka papa, no ka mea hapanui loaʻenemi 'ia. Kēlā me asocial kanaka e ho'ōla haalele i kona sociability. I nā mea increasingly paʻakikī e huli kanaka me ka hoʻomaopopo like 'ōlelo. Nolaila, a hiki mai hoi pila hāpa e ai i ke kanaka, e i, e kali i ka manawa a me ka ho'āʻo e hōʻike i ko lakou oiaio. A wale nō ma hope iho o kona e e hiki ke lilo mai i ka hilinaʻi stigmatized.

Thomas Sheff Ideas

I ka manaʻo o ka stigma i kekahi o na kumu nui scientific hana o Thomas Sheff. His ka papa kuhikuhi ia hoʻi - i ka malu ma luna o kona mau lala e hoʻokau nohona mana, i ke kumu nui kani o i mea na nā ho'āpono e ku e deviated mai maliuia kūmau. Sheff Hoomau iho la lakouʻimi loa i ka lewa o kona mua. Ua stigma kumumanaʻo Becker loli me ka nui loa.

I ka Ia manawa Sheff aʻo i ka kŰia o ka stigmatization, mai ko lakou mau kuanaʻike. Before mea, oia aʻo i ka hailonaʻana no ka pilikia o ka noʻonoʻo, nā kīnānā a me kā lākou hoʻololi i ka interpersonal a puni. I ka mea, Scheff ua hoʻopiliʻike manaʻo a me ka sociology.

Ke koena haiahū kūmau

Ma ka hana Thomas Sheff stigma kumumanaʻo hoʻomohala i loko o ka pähola 'ana o ke koena haiahū kūmau. Ka mea kākau i manaoio aku i ka nui loa ka noʻonoʻo 'illnesses - i ka hopena o ka lawelawe naoh a me ke koho ana o ke kanaka. Kēia controversial hoike - kekahi o na tenets o ka noho pilikia kaiapili kumumanaʻo. Sheff manaʻo i hele mai ma hope o rethinking pōʻai kūmau.

Contemporary moʻomeheu ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea ana a pau na kanaka i loko o ka ia moʻomeheu makahiki e kaʻana ka hola o ka ia mindset. Mau rula i paa i loko o ke kanaka hana i kamaliʻi ma ka hoʻonaʻauao. I mea e e ka bebe e ke hakuloli i socially, makua ka haʻaheo i loko ona i na kino i ka a me nāʻano mea i manaoia e pono no i ka piha ola i loko o kaiāulu. "Hoa," i ke keiki e hoole i ka ike i kēia mau palena'āina, a laila, e huli mai, e ia ma waho o ka pōʻai o ka 'ōlelo na¯. Penei nōʻo ia rula hana me nā mākua.

Nature deviations

I kona mau buke, a me nā 'atikala Sheff kuhikuhi mai i ka noʻonoʻo, nā kīnānā - ia mea wale nō i ka manaʻo o ke kanawai o ke koho ana o ka loina. I kēia lā, i kēia manaʻo i ka puu o ka poe enemi. Sheff hoole i ka ike i ka noʻonoʻo 'ana o ka hoʻoponopono mea. I mea "abnormality" - He manao maikai loa, e like me ka mea maʻa e aloha ninau kanaka.

Ka mea nāna i hana i ka kumumanaʻo o ka resonance uku nānā 'ana i ka nui o ka lawelawe manipulation o kanaka Emotions. No kekahi laʻana, na keiki i mauʻalo me ka inconsistency o ka mea e makemake a me ka mea a lakou i 'ae a me ka pāpā. Lākou ala, e hoike i ko lakou manaʻo kūhalahala ua kahea. Ke kiʻekiʻe, i na keiki, e lawe i nā ana hoʻohālike o ka hana i ka mea haʻaheo lāhui makua.

Ma deviations i kā lākou mau maopopo palena i hookaawale ia, mai ke kūmau. I mea e malama ana i keia pilina, ke kaiāulu kanaka, mau ka nani a oia ia ia iho i ka mea maikai a me ka mea hewa. No ka laʻana, ma kīwī a me loko o nā nūpepa mau makana hoomanao o ka aihue, ka pepehi kanaka, a me ka hewa. People kēlā lā i reminiscent o ka hewa a me ka hewa aie no ka 'aʻe' ana i nā kānāwai.

I ka Ia manawa, kekahi nohona kānakaʻepekema e e ho'āʻo ana e hooiaio ana i ke kuikahi oluolu paha unwillingly i hoopaa mai ai deflection, e pili ana momona lepo no ia. No ka laʻana, ka halepaahao, aole ia i kōkua i kekahi kanaka, e haawi mai i kona deviant kolohe. Ma ka mea ku ole, i ka hewa i loko o kahi paa oluolu 'ia, a lawelawe' ana me ka wahi o ke kuikahi ana o kanaka, mai ke karaima ao nei.

Stigma a me Emotions

Ma nā mākua, e like me ka loka ma ka pili ana i ka stigma i ka haaheo a me ka hilahila. Ka poe maoli reactions mea he pane i ka lawelawe nā ho'āpono. Ma keia hihia ia mea nonverbal kela la i keia paipai 'ana i a me nā kapu pāpā. Nā ho'āpono hiki ke noonoo. Regulators o ka hilahila a me ka haaheo o kekahi kanaka i komo i loko o ia manawa, ia ia i mea wale a me ka mea i malama i ka ala noʻonoʻo loi o ke kaiāulu.

Hilahila paha ke kekahi loka - huhu. I ka holo ana o kēia mau makaukau mau mea i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. First o ka make ana o ka nohona hoopaa, alaila, hele mai no ka 'aʻe' ana o ka mākau hoʻokaʻaʻike, a, ma hope, ka mea, e ko na welau o ka kaua ma waena o kanaka. He nui nā poe akamai iʻae i kēia kānāwai mea he vicious kaiapili mai i pakele ai mea hiki ole, me ka hoʻololi paha i kāu mau hana. Ma ka Ia puulena ano o ka hilahila pinepine palaka, e hoihoi i ka nohona pilina "maʻamau" a stigmatized. Ua pinepine triggers he naoh o ka mokuāhana ma.

kaumaha deviant

I ka stigmatized i loko o ke kanaka e loaa ana i ka i 'ae', pinepine kaumaha. Kona kumu ke moe i loko o ka nele o ka ike loea nohona pili. Hoʻomanawanui naau kanaka i kēia mau mea nui hui 'ana no ka piha ola luku. Keia ano ia lŘlŘ like me ka Logical hoomau o ka mokuāhana ma stigmatized ma ke koena o ke kaiāulu.

Ke nń ku like hookuke aku kanaka, e like me ka rula, ia mea he hilahila, i ka huhu a me ke kaumaha. Typical hiʻona i manaʻo, hana ka leo nahenahe, makaʻana avoidance, uunu nui, a me ka hoʻokaʻulua ka hoʻoponopono-ka hala ole.