Tanya Savicheva: Kawaihae blockade diary a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Mau Leningrad anal Tanya Savicheva la ia mea ma ke ao nei i ke aloha i kona diary, a ua mālama i loko o ka 1941 - 1942 biennium. i ka pua ana o Leningrad. Kēia puke Ua lilo kekahi o na kumu nui hōʻailona o ia mau hanana weliweli.

Place a me ka la aku o ka hanau

Tanya Savicheva Ua hānauʻia ma luna o January 23, 1930 ma ka liʻiliʻi kulanakauhale i Dvorishche. Kēia wahi i lalo i Lake Peipus. Na makua, ua hoala hou ia, a ua hoala hou i loko o Leningrad, ma ua hoʻopaʻaʻia kokoke a pau o kona pōkole ola. Sami kula kiʻekiʻe 'Savichevs hele mai, mai ka'ākau kulanakauhale alii. Ke kaikamahine i ka makuwahine o Maria Ignatyevna ua hoʻoholo ihola i hanau ma ka keʻena kauhale o ka mea i loaʻa i noho ai o kona kaikaina, o kona kane i he 'oihana kauka. pâʻani 'He i ke kūlana o ka pale keiki, a kokua i ka maluhia lawe hanau.

Tanya Savicheva ua i ka walu o ka keiki i loko o kona ohana nui a me ka noho aloha pū. He ua he Junior i koʻu hoahanau a me na kaikuahine. Ekolu o lakou i make ma mua o ka hanau ana o kekahi kaikamahine e like me ke keiki i loko o 1916, ka hoʻopiʻi ai i ka laha ana oʻulaʻula mai kuni. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka blockade Thani haʻalele mau kaikuaana (Eugene a me Nina), a me ka hoahānau (Leonidas a me Michael).

ka ohana Savicheva

Tanya ka makua kāne o Nepmen - ia mea, ka mea mua nāna. ʻO ka tsarist manawa Nikolai Savitchev mea a Hale Puhi Palaoa, confectionery a hiki i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. A hiki i ka Bolsheviks hiki i ka mana, i nationalized i kēia mau poʻe. Nikolai Rodionovich ole wale lilo a pau kā lākou waiwai, akā, i disenfranchised - ia kuu iho la i ke koho pono, me he socially unreliable.

I ka 30 makahiki ohana Savicheva a hiki pokole i ka hoʻokuke akula mai Leningrad, akā, koke ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻi i kona kulanakauhale ponoi. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau puu hua palaoa ma Rotehama hiki ole ke ku imua o, a make iho la i ka 1936. Kona keiki i ole ae i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke kulanui a hui i ka Communist Party. Kaikuaana a me na kaikuahine hana ma kekahi mau nā hale hana a me nā hana o Leningrad. Kekahi o ia mau mea - Leonid, leʻaleʻa o ka mele, i mea ke kumu o ka hale Savicheva i ka puu o na mea paahana, a me ua mau hala Māhū anal 'aha mele. No kaikaina Tanya hilinaʻi no i kona makua kāne Basil (kaikaina o ka makuakane).

omaka blockade

Ma May 1941, Tanya Savicheva pau 3 papa. I ke kauwela makemake i ka ohana, e hele aku i ke kauhale ka Aha ma ka hoomaha. Eia naʻe June 22 lilo ike o ka Kelemānia hoouka ma ka Soviet Union. A laila, a pau na nā mākua Savichevs manao e noho i loko o Leningrad, a kōkua ma ka hope o ka Red Army. Nā kānaka i hele aku i ke kikoo papa, akā, ua hōʻole. Koʻu kaikaina Leonid ua ino eyesight, a me ka makua Vasily a me Alexei ole e pono no ka makahiki. Michael wale nō iʻikeʻia i loko o ke kaua. Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Pskov na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma July 1941 lilo iho la oia i ka guerrilla kinai hopeʻenemi laina.

Nina mau kaikuahine i ka ia manawa hele aku e eli auwaha kokoke Leningrad, a me Jack olalo e lūlū mai ke koko e pono ai no ka transfusion hoehaia koa. Blockade Diary Tani Savichevoy i hai aku i kēia mau lāliʻi. He wale eiwa nā palapala pono kaikamahine pōkole memo e pili ana i ka make ana o ko lakou poe i wae. All lāliʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o ka ohana Savicheva i ike nui hope, i ka wa a ke kamaiki diary ua lilo kekahi o na kumu nui hōʻailona o ia blockade weliweli.

I ka make ana o Eugene

Eugene make i loko o ka mua Savichevaʻohana. Ua nui ke olonā wāwae i ko lakou ola ma muli o ia mau koko donation ma ka welau o ka transfusion. Eia hou kekahi, kaikuahine Tanya hana mau, e hana i ka hola. I kekahi manawa, ua noho e moe i ka po ma laila, ma ka mea e hoola ia ka mana ma luna o keu hoʻololi ai. Ka mea ua mea ma ka hopena o ka 1941 a pau lehulehu amo i kāpiliʻia i loko o Leningrad. Ua Ua pili me ka mea i ke alanui i lawe mai nunui snowdrifts, i ua ole kekahi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i. E kiʻi i ka hana, i Eugene, e hele i kēlā lā e hele mamao loa o kekahi mau kilomika. Ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka nele o ka poe i koe ua hoopili i alakaʻi ai kona kino. December 28, 1941 Eugene make ma na lima o kona kaikuwahine Nina, ka mea i hele mai e kipa iā ia ma hope o ka mea i i loaʻa i loko o ka wahiʻoihana. A laila, i ka ia blockade diary Tani Savichevoy hoʻolakoʻia me ka mooolelo mua.

Ka mua komo

Initially, ka diary Tani Savichevoy mai i ka pua ana o Leningrad i he puke noke o kona kaikuaana Nina. Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o kona mau hana. Nina i ke akamai-draftsman. A i ka hapalua pena kona puke me nā oaoieei-ike ma ieoaeunoai a me nāʻohe.

Diary o Tani Savichevoy hoʻomaka 'kokoke i ka mea hope. I ka lua o ka aoao o ka puke, ua puunaueia alphabetically no ka oluolu o ka hoʻokele. Girl hana ana i ka mooolelo mua, i papani ai hoi ma kaʻaoʻao, ia me ka palapala "F". Aia o ka diary Tani Savichevoy mai hoʻopilikia Leningrad ka wa pau ole hoola ana i ka hoomanao ana o ua Jack make ma luna o Dekemaba 28 ma ka 12 am.

New 1942 la

I loko nō o ka mea i mua i loko o ka mahina mua o ke kulanakauhale ka i hoʻolilo 'ia na kanaka i make, me he mea ole ia i hanaia me ka mau blockade o Leningrad. Diary o Tani Savichevoy kupono i kekahi mau memo e pili ana i nā hanana loa weliweli no kona ohana. Ke kaikamahine i kona komoʻana i kaʻike mau pōpō penikala.

Ma Ianuali 1942, koʻu kupuna wahine Tanya ka maternal Evdokia Grigorevne Fedorova i diagnosed me ka dystrophy. Kēia'ōlelo Ua lilo commonplace i loko o nā hale, i loko o nā keʻena, a me ka 'ohana. Ma Leningrad papani iho la i rations hele mai kokoke wahi, a me ka wahi lulu lāʻau kūpeʻe e ke hikiwawe loa depleted. Eia hou, na ke Kelemānia a me ke kōkua o ka lewa e pepehi iho at i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻopuni luku hangars, kahi ia i waiho waho hua liilii. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka mea kahiko 74-makahiki-kahiko kupuna wahine Tanya make o exhaustion i waena o ka mea mua. Ua make iho la o January 25, 1942, e mau lā ma hope o ka lā o ka hanau ana o ke kaikamahine.

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Next, ma hope o ke kupuna wahine i make ai o dystrophy Evdokia Leonid. Ma o kona ohana ke aloha pumehana, i kapaʻia Lekoy. 24-makahiki-kahiko ua kanaka opiopio la i ka hookahi makahiki me ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana. He hana no ka Admiralty Shipyard. Ka poe mea kokoke loa i ka hale Savicheva, akā, Leca no aneane loa ilaila, a me kēlā lā, noho i ka pō ma ka hana, e hele ma ka lua o ka naeaeaa. Leonid make ma luna o 17 March. Diary o Tani Savichevoy mālama i ka lono e pili ana i ka make ana o kekahi o konaʻaoʻao.

I o Aperila, i ole Anakala Vasya, a ma Mei - ka makua Lesha. kanu ia Brothers Tanya ka makua kāne i loko o Piskarevsky. Just ekolu lā ma hope o kona makua kāne ka Leschi makuahine, make iho la ke kaikamahine Maria Savicheva. Ua hiki May 13, 1942. A laila, Tanya waiho i loko o kona puke hope ekolu 'ikamu - "Savichevs make," "a pau, make iho la", "Aia i kekahi Tanya".

Ke kaikamahine i i ike ia Mike a me Nina ola. ka mea, ua kaua aku ke kaikuaʻana i ke alo, a ua he kīpoʻohiwi e, i mea no ke aha la e pili ana ia no ka lōʻihi manawa, aohe kūkala nūhou. He lilo ka polokalamu JavaScript ma ka peacetime neʻe wale i loko o ka noho huila. Nina, e hana ana ma luna o kona Leningrad kanu i koke evacuated, a uaʻaʻole hiki iā manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'hai aku i kona ohana o kona mau ola.

Kaikuahine ma hope o ke kaua mua, oia loaʻa i kona puke noke. Nina hoouna aku ia i ka exhibition, hōʻike ana i nā lā ma a ua ka blockade o Leningrad. Diary o Tani Savichevoy a pau ma luna o ka'āina mai i kapa pono laila.

kaikamahine i ka leha ana

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o kona makuwahine Tanya i haʻalele wale. Mua, hele aku la kela i ka hoalauna Nikolaenko, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka hale ia ma luna o ka papahele luna. Ka makuakane o keia ohana kuni ihola ia i kona makuwahine i ka hoʻolewa Thani. Ke kaikamahine iho, ua i hiki ke hele i keʻana, no ka mea, uaʻoi aku ko lākou nāwaliwali. I kekahi lā, Tanya hele aku i Evdokia Arsenieva, kaikamahine hanauna o kona kupunawahine. Ka haʻalele 'ana mai i ka hale, i ke kaikamahine i ka pahu i loko o a, e hoahu kekahi mau mea (me ka make palapala a me ka' ohana moʻomanaʻo).

Woman hoopuka ia mana ma ka nīnūnē Savicheva. Evdokia hana i ka mea kanu a me ka pinepine haʻalele i ke kaikamahine wale ma ka hale. Ua ua ae mai mai ka malnutrition kena ae la ma ka malnutrition, i mea aha la hoi me ka Hekikai o ke kupulau i ole puunaue iho la lakou me ka hooilo kapa (i mau ikeia ole). Ma June 1942, Tanya loaʻa Vasily Krylov - he hoaaloha kahiko o kona 'ohana. He ua hiki ke lawe mai i kekahi palapala, mai Nina mau kaikuahine, ka mea i loko o ka piʻoloke.

ke piʻoloke

I ke kauwela o 1942 Savicheva Tatyana Nikolaevna, a me nā luna haneri hou keiki i hoouna aku ai i ka orphanage i loko o ka Gorky māhele 'āina. Aia, ma ka hope ka mea, ua palekana. Childcare nui kookoo. Akā, ma ka manawa Tania ola i hopelessly ke olonā wāwae. Ua Ua kāohi ka ho'āʻo 'ia mai ka lōʻihi malnutrition. Eia hou, i ke kaikamahine i ka maʻi me ka tuberculosis, i mea kumu ka mea i kaʻawale ia mai na¯.

Child Health puhi iho loa lohi. Ma ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1944 oia i hoouna mai ai i ke keikiʻai hale. Aia tuberculosis hoʻoneʻe ma ka hope kahua o kona holomua. I ka maʻi ua superimposed ma dystrophy, ko mākou hopohopo hālāwai hope a me ka puʻupuʻu. Ke kaikamahine i make ai July 1, makahiki 1944. I ka lā hope o kona ola ana loa makapo. No laila, he mau makahiki ma hope o ka piʻoloke o ka pepehi ana i ko lakou poe pio blockade. Diary o Tani Savichevoy lilo pōkole, akā, kekahi o ka loa kilakila a me ka mālama nui hoike o na weliweli hoomanawanui ma na noho o Leningrad.