ʻO wai ka mea holoholo mākou i mua i ke ao nei: Magellan huakaʻi

E noi i kekahi haumāna e pili ana i mua holoholo mākou i ke ao nei, a me oe e lohe: ". A no, Magellan" A mau kanaka hoʻomaka e kanalua ai ia mau hua'ōlelo. Akā, Magellan hoʻonohonoho i ka huakaʻi, kuhikuhi ia, a ke hoʻokō 'ia ka holo ana i hiki ole. No laila, ka mea i ka mua hoʻokele e circumnavigate i ka poepoe honua?

Magellan ka Travel

I ka 1516, he e hoʻohoka aliÿi Ferdinand Magellan hele mai i ke Pukiki, King Manuel I me ka manao e? Ii i ke kumumanao o Columbus - e hiki i ka meaʻala Pae Aina, e like me ka mea i kapaia o laila i ka Moluccas, mai ke komohana mai. E like me ka makou i ike, Columbus laila, "Hāʻule maila" Amerika, a uaʻikeʻia ma luna o kona hele ana, alaila, manao ae o na mokupuni o Asia Hikina Hema.

I ia manawa, ua i na Pukiki, e holo ana i na mokupuni o ka hikina Indies, akā, piliwaiwai Africa a me ka aoao o ka Indian Ocean. Nolaila, he hou aku ai i kēia mau pae aina ia ia i pono ai.

Mōʻaukala hai ia i hoʻopuʻukahua e King Manuel Magellan i hele ai i ke Sepania ke alii, a loaa ia ia kona 'ae' ana e hoonohonoho i ka huakaʻi.

September 20, 1519 i ka'auwaʻa o elima moku holo, mai ka Sepania awa o San Lucar de Ka Barrameda.

Magellan ukali

'Aʻole kekahi mea hoopaapaa i ka mōʻaukala mea i ka mua huakaʻi a puni ka honua i ka huakaʻi alakai e Magellan. Ma ka vicissitudes o ke ala i kēia hana keaka huakaʻi iʻikeʻia, mai ka olelo a Pigafetta, ka mea i mālama i ka mooolelo o nā lā a pau o ka hele ana. Kona komo he i ka mau luna, ua pinepine kipa i nā mokupuni o ka hikina Indies: Barbosa a me Serrano.

A me ka oi ma keia kai eʻe Magellan i kana kauwa - Malay Enrique. He Ua pio i loko o Sumatra a ua lōʻihi mālama i ka pono kā Magellan. Ma ka huakaʻi no ia ia, e pāʻani i ke kūlana o ka hoohalike olelo ia lakou i hiki aku ai i ka meaʻala Islands.

I ka papa o ka huakaʻi

No ke kahe ana o ka hailonaʻana o ka manawa, e kela kapa o ka Moana a me kekahi, ma ka hapapa ololi a me ka lōʻihi pilikia, hope loaa i ka inoa o Magellan, nā huakaʻi hele mai i ka hou moana. Iloko o keia manawa, i kekahi o na moku hoopoho iho, ka mea'ē aʻe, hele akula hoʻi i Sepania. i ike i ka'āina e ku e Magellan. 'alapa kūlaʻi moku ma ka pono o ka hoʻoponopono, a me ka lako o ka ai a me ka inu i ka wai i holo haʻahaʻa.

Ocean i kapaia o ka Pacific, mua halawai i ka tailwind maikai, akā, ma hope, ua lilo nawaliwali a me ka hope loa, make iho la ia. People hoʻonele o hou ai, e make,ʻaʻole wale mai ka pololi, eia nae ka mea, i ka ai a me kaʻiole, a me nā kia ili. Ke kumu nui weliweli ua puʻupuʻu - ka ino a pau i nā hoʻokele o ka manawa.

Wale March 28, 1521 ka mea, i nā mokupuni, nona ka poʻe e noho ana me ka naau, i mai ninau Enrique, nana i olelo mai i loko o kona 'ōlelo makuahine. Keia ke ano i hiki Magellan a me kona mau hoa ma na mokupuni o ka hikina Indies, ma ka kekahi lima. A ua Enrique - ka hele loa mua ka poe hele a puni ke ao nei! He hoʻi akula i kona'āina, e hele a puni ka poepoe honua.

Ka pau 'o ka huakaʻi

April 21, 1521 Magellan i make ma ka intervening i loko o ke kaua kūloko o kūloko alakaʻi. Ua loaʻa iā ia he mea hewa ia ma luna o kona mau hoa, ka poe i pio i ka wale pakele mai ka mokupuni.

He nui o na kanaka i make ai hoehaia. O ka 265-kanaka kime koe wale 150, ka mea wale no i pau i ka mālama mau moku.

Ma ka mokupuni o Tidore, ua hiki ke kiʻi i kekahi koena, hoopiha i ka ai laau, e lawe ma luna o nā meaʻala, a me nā gula one ka mea.

Ma ke ala hoʻi i Spain hele wale moku "Victoria" lawelawe 'ia e Sebastian del Cano. Back to Lucar awa hoi i ka huina o 18 kanaka! Kēia kanaka i nā mea i mua i ke kaapuni i ka honua. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou mau inoa i ole, ua malamaia. Akā,ʻo Kāpena del Cano a me Hotele kakaolelo Pigafetta ike ole wale i ka moʻolelo a me nā geographers.

Ka mua Russian holo ana a puni ka honua

Head o ka mea mua Lūkini honua huakaʻi ua Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern. Keia holo ana i wahi i loko o 1803-1806 GG.

Elua holo moku - "Hope" ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o Kruzenshtern a "Neva" alai ae ma kona kumu Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky - hele mai Kronstadt August 7, 1803. I ka papa kuhikuhiE AIM ua e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka moana, a pakahi aku la ia i ka waha o ka Amur. Ka mea, ua pono e hōʻike pono eiaeaie Russian Pacific'auwaʻa kaua, a me ka maikaʻi loa o? Ooia o kona lako hou? Ooia.

Ka huakaʻi ua ole wale o ka nui no o ka ho okumu ana o ka Pacific'auwaʻa, akā, ua hana no hoi i alahula mau makana i ka 'epekema. New mokupuni, uaʻikeʻia, akā, ua holoi iho la i ka palapala o ka moana i ka helu o ka ole-existent mokupuni. Ua Ua mua i hoʻoili he kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana study o ka moana. Huakaʻi wehe Mezhpassatnye countercurrent i loko o ka Pacific a me ka 'Akelanika' moana, e ana i ka wai mahana,'ōmiko, nānā 'ana i ka pa apŘ o ka wai ... ua e loaʻa ana i nā kumu no ke kai glow, ohiʻikepili ma kai a me ka map' ike ma luna o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ka moana.

nui hoohanohano i ua i ai i ka palapala o ka Lūkini Hōʻole akula Hikina mokuna o ka Kuril Pae Aina, Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula. No ka mea manawa mua kau ma luna o ka mea, kekahi o na Kepani mokupuni.

I komo o ka huakaʻi, a lilo ka poe o ka Lūkini, ka mea mua holoholo mākou i ke ao nei.

Akā, no ka nui o ka poʻe Lūkini nei, i kēia huakaʻi ua ike ia e ka mea i "Hope" hele aku la i Japan ka mua Lūkini nuʻukia alakaʻiʻia Rezanov.

Great kekona (Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi)

Ka Pelekāne Frensis Dreyk lilo i ka lua o ka kanaka e circumnavigate i ka poepoe honua i loko o 1577-1580 GG. Kona galleon "Golden WAA" Ua paa no ka manawa mua, mai ka 'Akelanika i ka Pacific kai pilikia ma hope inoa ma hope ona. Kēia alanui ua manaoia e e nui aku eiiieaena ma mua o ka pilikia o Magellan ma muli o keʻano loaʻa ai ka makani ino, hau floes, koke ka ino hou. DRAKE ua i ke kanaka i mua holoholo mākou i ke ao nei, me ua hoʻokōʻia Cape Horn. Mai laila, i waena o na luina a me aʻu i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka mooolelo o ke komo ana i loko o nā apo pepeiao o ka pepeiao. Inā hala ka DRAKE Ala, haalele Cape Horn ma ka akau, i ka apo ua e ia i loko o ka pepeiao akau, a me ka hope versa.

No kona poe lawelawe, Frensis Dreyk i me ka Naita Korolevoy Elizavetoy kino. Ua ua ia i koi 'ia e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo Spaniards lākou "Invincible Armada".

I ka 1766, he Frenchwoman Zhanna Barre lilo ka mua wahine, e holo a puni ka honua. E hana i kēia, ua loli ke kanaka, a loaʻa ma luna o ka moku Bougainville, hele aku la a puni ke ao nei huakaʻi, me ke kauwa. A hiki i ka hoʻopunipuni, ua hōʻikeʻia, ma muli naʻe o kona pono a pau, Barre i kanu ia ma Mauritius, a hele mai hoʻi i ka hale ma luna o kekahi moku.

Ka lua o ka Russian holo ana a puni ka poepoe honua ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o FF Bellingshausen a MP Lazarev mea kaulana no ka mea i loko o kona Antarctica iʻike i loko o January 1820.