'O ka'ōpana mole mole'ula ka mea kino e kū ana i kēlā me kēia mea

'O ka nui o nā molekino, e like me ka nui o nā māmā, he'u'uku loa. No laila, no ko lākou helu'ana, ua ho'ohana'ia ka ho'ohālikelike'ana me ka'āpana atomomic o ka nui. Pili hakakino ke kaupaona hui - keia physical nui, i mea o ka lākiō o ke kaupaonaʻana o ka hui lātoma i 1/12 o ka like ana o ke kalapona nā'ātoma. Kēia 'inideka Hōʻike Pehea na manawa he nui i ke kaumaha o ka mea a pau lātoma oi ma mua o 1/12 o ka kaumaha o ka haʻahaʻa (particles) o kalapona, a, e like kekahi hoahanau waiwai ʻaʻohe Ana, a ua denoted ma ka hōʻailona o Mr.

Mr (pūhui) = m (mole mole) / 1/12 m (C). Eia nō na'e, ma ka hana, ua ho'ohana'ia kekahi kumu no ka helu'ana i kēia nui. E like me ia, ua like ke kinikini laulio i like me ka heluna piha o na mea atomic sponsor (Ar) o na mea a pau i ho okumu i ka mea i haawi ia, e no'ono'o ana i ka helu o na huapapa elemental o kela me keia mea, oia hoi. Hiki ke ho'ohālikelike 'ia e like me:

Mr. (B1xC1y) = x * Ar (B1) + y * Ar (C1).

No ka ho'oholo pololei'ana i kēia waiwai āu e pono ai:

1. 'Ike i ke'ano hana ho'omehana o ka waiwai;
2. Ho'opa'a pololei iā Ar ma ka papa'aina DI Mendeleev (inā'o ka helu ma hope o ka decimal like a me nā mea pono i ka 5, a laila'o ka hō'ulu'ulu'ana i ka mea a pau ua ho'ohui'ia i kahi hui: no ka mea,'o Ar (Li) = 6, 941, no ka helu'ana e ho'ohana mākou i kahi kikowaena. Ua like like ia me 7, a inā he emi ka helu ma mua o 5, a laila ha'alele iā ia e like me: Ar (K) = 39,098, ke lawe nei mākou 39).
3. Ke helu'ia'o M.,'a'ole mākou e poina e no'ono'o i ka helu o nā mana,'o ia ho'i. Nā hō'ike e kū nei i nā māmā o ka ho'opili hui.

'O ke kinikō'au mole mole,'o ke kumu o ia mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna, ua ho'ohana'ia i ka pūnaewele pa'akikī. Ma muli o ka helu'ana i kahi waiwai i hā'awi'ia no kahi mea ma'alahi ua lawa ia no ka ho'oholo wale'ana i ka pauki'ōpomi ho'okahi ma ka papa'aina ākea, a inā he pono, e ho'onui e ka helu o nā mea ha'aha'a. No kekahi laʻana: Mr (P) ='Ara (R) = 31 a me Mr (N ₂₎ = 2 *'Ara (N) = 2 * 14 = 18.

E no'ono'o hou i kekahi hi'ohi'ona a e'ike i ka pilikino kaumaha o ka wai - he mea nui. Ke empirical haʻilula o ka waiwai a ka H ₂ O, a laila, ka mea, he a mau hydrogen nā'ātoma , a hoʻokahi ka oxygen'Ātoma. No laila, ua'ano like ke'ano o ka mo'olelo ho'opuka:

Mr (H ₂ O) = 2 *'Ara (H) +'Ara ( O) = 2 * 1 + 16 = 18

Hiki ke kākau'ia i loko o nā'ano ho'opau, e ho'oku'u i ka hua'ōlelo. Hō'ike'ia kēia huina he 18 mau manawa i'oi aku ka nui o ka 1/12 o ka nui o ka lepo lepo lepo. Pēlā nō, ua ho'oholo'ia ke kaumaha o ka mole'opa āpau o kēlā me kēia mea lapa'au, ke hā'awi'ia inā'ike'ia kona'ano koi. Akā nō ho'i, me ka ho'ohana'ana i kēia kumukū'ai, hiki iā ia ke ho'iho'i i ka ho'ohālike a me ka helu'ana o nā mea i'ike'ole'ia, e ho'okumu i ka mea o ka pa'a o kēlā me kēia kanaka. I ka hana, no ka manao paa o Mr waiwai hoohana physico-Nine Inch i kūpono, e like me distillation, nuipa a spectrometry, kinoea chromatography , etc. No ka hoʻoholo 'ana i kēia' inideka no na polymers hoʻohana ki ina hana like ka nānā 'ana ma luna o colligative waiwai (nānā' helu o papalua paa ana, ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pae, o ka (viscosity), malamalama hoopuehu hiki).

No laila, ke'ano o ka nui o ka nui o ka ma'i molepila i loko o kēlā me kēia mea a he ho'okahi nō ia. Keia waiwai ua nānā 'ia no nā mea a me ka luna' i huiʻia,'okanikaʻole a me ke aloha. He mea nui loa kona mau hō'ailona ma ka noi'i'ana a me ka hilina'i'ana o nā polymers nona nā waiwai e hilina'i'ia ma luna o ke kaumaha o ka mole.